《中国实用医药》杂志稿约

《中国实用医药》杂志是由中国科学技术协会主管、中国康复医学会主办,国内外公开发行的国家级专业性学术期刊。国际统一连续出版物号:ISSN 1673-7555,国内标准连续出版物号:CN11-5547/R。以广大临床医务工作者为读者对象,报道医疗领域内领先的科研成果和临床诊疗经验,帮助广大临床医师提高学术水平,解决在临床中遇到的具体问题。     

吉林市大众冰雪运动损伤急救能力现状调查

目的:调查吉林市大众冰雪运动损伤急救知识、态度和行为现状。方法:应用《大众冰雪运动损伤急救能力测评问卷》,采用便利抽样法,抽取吉林市北大壶滑雪场、万科滑雪场、北山滑雪场等3家滑雪场共计293名冰雪爱好者进行调查,群体包括机关事业单位、医疗相关行业、体育类相关职业、商业和服务业及学生等;对调查结果进行分析。结果:大众冰雪运动损伤急救能力测评问卷中急救知识水平、急救态度、急救行为之间呈正相关关系。结论:大众冰雪运动损伤急救能力整体处于中水平,大众冰雪运动损伤急救知识、态度及行为均有待进一步提高。     

床头柜不同摆放位置结合认知功能训练对脑卒中后单侧忽略患者运动功能的影响

目的 比较床头柜不同摆放位置结合认知功能训练对脑卒中后单侧忽略患者运动功能的影响。方法 将120例脑卒中后单侧忽略患者随机分为A组、B组、C组，每组40例，A组接受常规康复训练，将摆放日常生活用品的床头柜置于健侧肢体所在侧的床头，B组在A组治疗训练的基础上给予认知功能训练，并将摆放日常生活用品的床头柜置于健侧肢体所在侧的床头，C组在B组治疗训练的基础上，将摆放日常生活用品的床头柜置于患侧肢体所在侧的床头。干预后比较3组患者单侧忽略程度、肢体运动功能、认知功能及生活质量评分情况。结果 治疗后，3组患者单侧忽略程度均较治疗前减轻，且C组轻于A、B两组，3组上肢运动功能评分、下肢运动功能评分、简易精神状态评估量表评分、生活质量评分均较治疗前提高，且C组高于A、B两组(均P<0.05);B组患者的肢体运动功能评分和生活质量评分均高于A组(P<0.05)。结论 在常规康复训练、认知功能训练的基础上，将摆放日常生活用品的床头柜置于患侧肢体所在侧的床头，可以减轻脑卒中后单侧忽略程度，促进患者认知功能、运动功能及生活质量的提高。     

经鼻高流量氧气湿化治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重合并呼吸衰竭的可行性研究

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of transnasal heated humidified high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) with respiratory failure in elderly patients. MethodsA total of 176 elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with respiratory failure who were hospitalized at Peking University Shougang Hospital from December 2016 to January 2022 were enrolled, including 82 patients in an HFNC group and 94 patients in an NPPV group. After treatment, pulse oxygen saturation (SPO₂), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂), oxygenation index (OI), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), comfort score, discharge rate, rate of endotracheal intubation, rate of transfer to intensive care unit (ICU), and mortality were compared between the two groups. The independent sample t-test was used for comparison between the two groups. Statistical data are expressed in percentage or number of cases and the χ² test was used for their comparisons. ResultsThe SPO₂ values at 30 min, 1 h, and 6 h were significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.049,-2.618, and -3.314, P=0.043, 0.010, and 0.001, respectively). SPO₂ before discharge was significantly lower than that of the NPPV group (t=2.162, P=0.033), but OI at each time point and before discharge had no statistical significance (P＞0.05). MAP at 6 h was significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.209, P=0.029), but within the normal range. HRs at 2 h and 3 h in the HFNC group were significantly higher than those of the NPPV group (t=-2.199 and -2.336, P=0.030 and 0.021, respectively). There were no significant differences in RR, HR, or MAP between the two groups at other time points and before discharge (P＞0.05). There was no significant difference in PaCO2 between the two groups (P＞0.05). Comfort score in the HFNC group was significantly higher than that of the NPPV group (t=-46.807, P＜0.001). There were no significant differences in discharge rate, ICU transfer rate, endotracheal intubation rate, and mortality between the two groups (P＞0.05). ConclusionHFNC is as effective as NPPV in treating elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with type Ⅰ or mild type Ⅱ respiratory failure, and HFNC is more comfortable than NPPV.     

胸腔镜亚肺叶切除术治疗Ⅰ期高龄非小细胞肺癌的临床效果

目的 探讨Ⅰ期高龄非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)采用胸腔镜亚肺叶切除术治疗的效果及对肺功能及并发症的影响。方法 选择2018年6月—2020年6月于本院就诊的144例高龄NSCLC患者,采用随机数字表法分为2组,每组各72例。对照组实施胸腔镜肺叶切除术,观察组实施胸腔镜亚肺叶切除术。对比2组手术相关指标、肺功能[用力肺活量(FVC)、第1 s用力呼气量(FEV1)和最大通气量(MVV)]及并发症。结果 观察组术中出血量(79.25±21.38)mL,低于对照组的(138.47±22.48)mL(t=16.197,P<0.001),手术时间(104.65±23.16)min,短于对照组的(116.48±29.57)min(t=2.673,P=0.008),疼痛(VAS)评分(3.72±1.20)分,低于对照组的(7.11±2.31)分(t=11.050,P<0.001);观察组术后FEV1(1.51±0.13)L、FVC(2.28±0.20)L、MVV(58.20±3.92)L/min,高于对照组的(1.32±0.11)L、(1.82±0.19)L、(53.76±2.81)L/min(t=9.467、12.304、7.811,P<0.001);观察组并发症发生率2.78%,低于对照组的13.89%(χ2=4.455,P=0.035)。结论 Ⅰ期高龄NSCLC采用胸腔镜亚肺叶切除术治疗可最大程度保护肺功能,降低术后并发症,安全性较高,利于患者预后。     

血清IL-6、IL-17水平对AECOPD合并肺部感染的早期诊断价值及病原菌分析

目的分析血清白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-17(IL-17)水平对慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重(AECOPD)合并肺部感染的早期诊断价值及病原菌情况。方法选取2018年12月至2020年12月首都医科大学附属北京潞河医院呼吸内科收治的203例AECOPD患者作为研究对象,根据患者是否合并肺部感染将121例患者作为感染组,82例患者作为非感染组,采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测血清中IL-6、IL-17水平,采用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)评估IL-6、IL-17诊断效能,检测患者痰液病原菌分布情况,分析AECOPD合并肺部感染的危险因素。结果感染组血清IL-6、IL-17水平高于非感染组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);IL-6对AECOPD合并肺部感染的诊断AUC为0.753,IL-17对AECOPD合并肺部感染的诊断曲线下面积(Area Under Curve,AUC)为0.781,联合诊断对AECOPD合并肺部感染的诊断AUC为0.894(95%CI:0.814～0.997),明显高于单项(P<0.05);AECOPD合并肺部感染患者病原菌中革兰氏阴性菌占63.30%,革兰氏阳性菌占31.19%,真菌占5.51%;年龄≥60岁、住院时间≥14天、机械通气时间≥48 h、血清IL-6≥35.28 ng/L、血清IL-17≥288.17 ng/L均是AECOPD合并肺部感染的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论血清IL-6、IL-17是AECOPD合并肺部感染的早期诊断指标及危险因素,AECOPD合并肺部感染病原菌主要为革兰氏阴性菌株。     

探讨儿童心脏神经官能症的发生诱因

目的探讨儿童心脏神经官能症的发生诱因。方法选取2017年1月至2020年4月本院门诊部及住院部收治的70例心脏神经官能症患儿作为研究对象,分析患儿疾病诱发因素。结果 70例患儿中,肺炎支原体感染26例(37.1%),EB病毒感染15例(21.4%),情绪不良20例(28.6%),ASO升高5例(7.2%),其他4例(5.7%)。结论导致儿童出现心脏神经官能症的因素较多,其中最常见因素包括肺炎支原体感染、EB病毒感染、不良情绪等,临床医师需根据诱因消除疾病症状。