Impact of recent intravenous chemotherapy on outcome in severe sepsis and septic shock patients with hematological malignancies

Objective To compare the characteristics and outcome of patients with hematological malignancies referred to the ICU with severe sepsis and septic shock who had or had not received recent intravenous chemotherapy, defined as within 3 weeks prior to ICU admission. Design and setting Retrospective observational cohort study on prospectively collected data in a medical ICU of a university hospital. Patients 186 ICU patients with hematological malignancies with severe sepsis or septic shock (2000–2006). Measurements and results There were 77 patients admitted with severe sepsis and 109 with septic shock; 91 (49%) had received recent intravenous chemotherapy. Patients with recent chemotherapy more often had a high-grade malignancy and were more often neutropenic, less often had pulmonary infiltrates, and less often required mechanical ventilation. ICU, 28-day, in-hospital, and 6-month mortality rates were 33% vs. 48.4%, 40.7% vs. 57.4%, 45.1% vs. 58.9%, and 50.5% vs. 63.2% in patients with and without recent chemotherapy, respectively. Logistic regression identified four variables independently associated with 28-day mortality: SOFA score at ICU admission, pulmonary site of infection, and fungal infection were associated with worse outcome whereas previous intravenous chemotherapy was protective at borderline significance. After adjustment with a propensity score for recent chemotherapy, chemotherapy was not associated with outcome. Conclusions Patients referred to the ICU with severe sepsis and septic shock complicating active chemotherapeutic treatment have better prognosis than commonly perceived. This article is discussed in the editorial available at: .     

中医药治疗抗肿瘤分子靶向药物相关腹泻的Meta分析

[目的] 系统评价中医药治疗抗肿瘤分子靶向药物(以下简称靶向药物)相关腹泻的有效性和安全性,为临床治疗提供循证依据。 [方法] 检索中国期刊全文数据库(China National Knowledge Infrastructure,CNKI)、万方数据平台(Wanfang Data)、中国科技期刊数据库(China Science and Technology Journal Database,VIP)、中国生物医学文献服务系统(China Biomedical Literature Database,SinoMed)、PubMed、Cochrane Library、Web of Science等数据库,获取中医药治疗靶向药物相关腹泻的随机对照试验(randomized controlled trial,RCT)。使用Cochrane风险偏倚评估工具对研究进行质量评价,使用Stata 15.0和TSA 0.9软件进行Meta分析和试验序贯分析,依据推荐等级的评估、制定与评价(Grading of Recommendations Assessment,Development and Evaluation,GRADE)标准进行证据质量评价。[结果] 最终纳入9项研究,共484例患者。Meta分析显示,在常规西药治疗的基础上加用或单用中医药,可以明显提高治疗的总有效率[相对危险度(relative risk,RR)=1.347,95%可信区间(confidence interval,CI)(1.212,1.497),P=0.000],降低腹泻症状积分[RR=1.527,95%CI(1.287,1.812),P=0.000]与分级[RR=1.218,95%CI(1.064,1.393),P=0.004],改善患者生活质量(Karnofsky physical status,KPS)评分[RR=1.116,95%CI(1.039,1.198),P=0.003],并能改善腹痛[标准化均数差(standardized mean difference,SMD)=-1.050,95%CI(-2.016,-0.083),P=0.033]、腹胀[SMD=-0.942,95%CI(-1.865,-0.018),P=0.046]、食欲不振[SMD=-1.534,95%CI(-2.682,-0.385),P=0.009]等症状,且未增加不良反应。试验序贯分析进一步说明,中医药治疗靶向药物相关腹泻具有确切疗效。但根据GRADE标准,提高有效率的证据为低质量,改善生活质量及降低中医症状积分为极低质量。[结论] 中医药能提高靶向药物相关腹泻的临床疗效,且安全性良好。但由于样本量小及文献质量低,相关证据有赖于更多高质量的临床试验。     

宏基因组二代测序在恶性血液病并发感染患者中的诊断价值

目的:探讨宏基因组二代测序（mNGS）在恶性血液病并发感染患者中的诊断价值。方法:回顾分析2019年1月—2020年12月就诊于天津市第一中心医院血液科恶性血液病患者190例,对血浆mNGS检测到的致病菌种类、阳性率、检测时间及其与传统检测方法的结果进行分析。应用 SPSS22.0 统计学软件进行数据分析,通过Pearson χ2 检验或McNemar检验对离散变量进行比较分析。结果:血浆mNGS阳性率为77.37%,显著高于血培养（ χ2=13.36,P＜0.01）。细菌是mNGS检出率最高的病原体（43%）,最常见的依次为葡萄球菌属、不动杆菌属和肠球菌属。mNGS所需要的时间少于血培养（t =22.37,P＜0.05）。此外,mNGS的敏感性较血培养高（80.25% vs. 8.02%, χ2=10.83,P＜0.01）,但特异性低（47.06% vs. 100%, χ2=8.21,P＜0.01）。根据mNGS结果,75例（46.30%）患者调整抗感染治疗方案后,评价有效率为49.30%。结论:血浆mNGS联合传统的检测方法,能够快速且有效地提高对恶性血液病并发感染患者的病原学诊断能力,因而优化抗感染治疗。     

Hospital burden of long-term genitourinary and gastrointestinal toxicity after radical radiotherapy for prostate cancer

Introduction

Treatment options for prostate cancer (PCa) include radical radiotherapy (RT) and radical prostatectomy, both of which have comparable oncological outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate the hospital burden of long-term genitourinary and gastrointestinal toxicity among patients with PCa who were treated with radiotherapy at our institution.

整体护理对于监测胸部恶性肿瘤术后使用低分子肝素患者的护理观察

目的整体护理对于胸部恶性肿瘤患者术后使用低分子肝素减少静脉血栓(VTE)的预防作用。方法研究选择对象为佛山市顺德区两家医院2014年4月至2016年12月收治拟行限期胸部恶性肿瘤根治术的患者110例,分为对照组和观察组,各55例。术后早期给予低分子肝素皮下注射。对照组患者给予常规护理方式,观察组患者给予整体护理模式。记录两组护理效果和患者高凝患者比例及术后血栓性疾病的发生率,观察两组患者不同时间凝血相关指标。结果该项目共有38名外科护士得到参与这项研究检查,平均年龄为32岁(21~55岁)。对照组患者依从性达42.3%,观察组患者为95.0%。在对照组评估中伴有下肢轻度肿胀的5位患者中只有1位被发现,并且6位患者的肢体中有温暖或热量增加的证据都没有记录在护理记录中。在观察组在评估中伴有下肢轻度肿胀的4位患者中全部被发现,8名有肢体温暖证据的患者中只有3名没有记录。两组血液高凝患者比例及血栓性疾病比例差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者PLT、APTT组间比较及与各自治疗前相比及无显著差异(P0.05);对照组患者PT、D-Dimer术后与术前相比差异均显著(P0.05),观察组PT与术前比较差异不显著,与对照组相比差异显著(P0.05);观察组患者D-Dimer术后1天较术前均上升(P0.05),术后14天与术前相比差异不显著(P0.05),观察组各时间点Fib与术前相比差异不显著(P0.05),对照组术后14天与术前相比增高显著(P0.05)。结论整体护理方式对胸部恶性肿瘤患者术后观察使用低分子肝素后的护理有利于预防术后VTE的发生。     

Cause-Specific Deaths in Non–Dialysis-Dependent CKD

CKD is associated with higher risk of death, but details regarding differences in cause-specific death in CKD are unclear. We examined the leading causes of death among a non–dialysis-dependent CKD population using an electronic medical record-based CKD registry in a large healthcare system and the Ohio Department of Health mortality files. We included 33,478 white and 5042 black patients with CKD who resided in Ohio between January 2005 and September 2009 and had two measurements of eGFR<60 ml/min per 1.73 m² obtained 90 days apart. Causes of death (before ESRD) were classified into cardiovascular, malignancy, and non-cardiovascular/non-malignancy diseases and non–disease-related causes. During a median follow-up of 2.3 years, 6661 of 38,520 patients (17%) with CKD died. Cardiovascular diseases (34.7%) and malignant neoplasms (31.8%) were the leading causes of death, with malignancy-related deaths more common among those with earlier stages of kidney disease. After adjusting for covariates, each 5 ml/min per 1.73 m² decline in eGFR was associated with higher risk of death due to cardiovascular disease (hazard ratio [HR], 1.10; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.08 to 1.12) and non-cardiovascular/non-malignancy diseases (HR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.09 to 1.14) but not to malignancy. In the adjusted models, blacks had overall-mortality hazard ratios similar to those of whites but higher hazard ratios for cardiovascular deaths. Further studies to confirm these findings and explain the mechanisms for differences are warranted. In addition to lowering cardiovascular burden in CKD, efforts to target known risk factors for cancer at the population level are needed.     

Human Herpesvirus 8–Related Primary Effusion Lymphoma After Liver Transplantation

Primary effusion lymphoma is a rare subclass of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma associated with human herpesvirus 8 infection and principally seen in human immunodeficiency virus–positive patients. We report on the case of a 72‐year‐old human immunodeficiency virus–negative male with a hepatic transplant 10 years prior, who presented with a symptomatic right‐sided pleural effusion and was found to have primary effusion lymphoma by flow cytometric and cytopathologic examination. Immunohistochemistry of his lymphoma cells was positive for human herpesvirus 8. Both he and his donor had no identifiable risk factors for human herpesvirus 8 infection. The patient was intolerant of antiviral therapy and chemotherapy, dying 7 months after diagnosis. Posttransplant primary effusion lymphoma is exceedingly rare and carries a very poor prognosis. Individualized treatment strategies are necessary given the scant body of published literature with guidance based solely on case reports.