尿液外泌体lncRNA PCAT-1评估非浸润性膀胱癌患者复发的价值

目的探究尿液外泌体长链非编码RNA前列腺癌相关转录本1（lncRNA PCAT-1）评估非浸润性膀胱癌患者复发的价值。方法随机选取2015年1月—2016年3月进行治疗的非浸润性膀胱癌患者50例作为非浸润性膀胱癌组，选取同期在进行健康体检的健康受检者50例作为对照组。测定两组尿液外泌体中lncRNA PCAT-1表达情况。分析尿液外泌体lncRNA PCAT-1表达与临床病理参数的相关性、尿液外泌体lncRNA PCAT-1与尿液脱落细胞学对非浸润性膀胱癌的诊断价值、影响非浸润性膀胱癌患者复发的相关因素，评估非浸润性膀胱癌复发的价值及尿液外泌体lncRNA PCAT-1表达与非浸润性膀胱癌患者预后的关系。结果与对照组比较，非浸润性膀胱癌组患者尿液外泌体lncRNA PCAT-1表达水平明显升高（P<0.01）。尿液外泌体lncRNA PCAT-1表达与病理分期具有明显相关性（P<0.01）。尿液外泌体lncRNA PCAT-1诊断非浸润性膀胱癌的曲线下面积明显高于尿液脱落细胞学。采用Cox比例风险因素回归模型分析，病理分期及lncRNA PCAT-1均为影响非浸润性膀胱癌患者复发的独立危险因素。以尿液外泌体lncRNA PCAT-1相对表达量5.14±1.04分为高表达组（23例）与低表达组（27例），Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析结果显示，lncRNA PCAT-1低表达量组生存期明显高于lncRNA PCAT-1高表达组。结论外泌体lncRNA PCAT-1在非浸润性膀胱癌患者尿液中的表达水平较健康受检者明显升高，且其表达水平与患者病理分期明显相关。尿液外泌体lncRNA PCAT-1对评估非浸润性膀胱癌患者的复发具有重要作用。     

PHLPPs: Emerging players in metabolic disorders

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FTO promotes multiple myeloma progression by posttranscriptional activation of HSF1 in an m6A-YTHDF2-dependent manner

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The association between sport-related concussion and musculoskeletal injury in university rugby athletes

ObjectivesThe study aimed to analyse the association between Sports-Related Concussion (SRC) and Subsequent Musculoskeletal Injury (MSK) in United Kingdom university-aged rugby union players whilst considering the effects of sex, athlete playing position and injury location.DesignRetrospective cohort study. A period of 365 days with 0–90, 91–180 and 181–365 days sub-periods was analysed for the following variables; MSK injury incidence, occurrence, severity, injury location, playing position and sex.SettingInjury data was collected from the Sports Development Centre database at Loughborough University.ParticipantsA total of 408 injuries in 181 athletes (55 females and 126 males) were included.ResultsThe MSK injury incidence of SRC group was significantly higher than control and higher post-SRC than pre-SRC period over a 365-day period (p=0.012 and p=0.034, respectively). The odds ratios of MSK injury incidence between groups and between periods were 1.62 (95% CI, 1.10–2.25) and 1.57 (95% CI ,1.08–2.29). A SRC was not associated with a greater time loss from a subsequent MSK injury or a specific MSK injury location.ConclusionsAthletes with a second recorded injury were more likely to sustain a MSK injury if they had experienced SRC, however, there was no indication a SRC resulted in greater time loss from a MSK injury.     

Evaluation of 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic therapy in postmenopausal women with persistent HPV infection with or without cervical and vaginal low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (CIN1/VaIN1)

ObjectiveTo analyze the efficacy and safety of photodynamic therapy (PDT) on postmenopausal women with persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection with or without low-grade cervical and vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN1 and VaIN1).Materials and methodsThe clinicopathological and follow-up data of 86 postmenopausal women with HPV infection (35 cases with chronic cervicitis and 51 cases with CIN1/VaIN1) were collected. All the women in this group met these criteria: menopausal time ≥ 1 year, HPV infection time ≥ 2 years, colposcopy and pathological diagnosis of biopsy ≤ CIN1/VaIN1 before PDT treatment, and 5-aminolaevulinic acid (5-ALA) as photosensitizer treating for 6 times with a week interval. The above patients were followed up 6 months and 12 months after PDT treatment, and the follow-up contents included HPV typing, cytology, colposcopy and pathological examinations. HPV negative conversion rate and lesion remission rate are the evaluation indicators of treatment efficacy. In addition, we also assessed the safety of PDT treatment.ResultsAt 12-month follow-up, the overall HPV clearance rate was 60% (45/75), of which the negative conversion rate of 16/18 HPV was 41.38% (12/29), and non-16/18 HPV was 71.74% (33/46) (p = 0.009). In patients without lesions, the HPV clearance rate was 51.72% (15/29), while in patients with CIN1/VaIN1 (n = 46), the HPV complete remission rate and lesion regression rate were 65.22% (30/46) and 89.13% (41/46), respectively. In addition, the clearance rate of HPV in lesion regression group was significantly higher than that in lesion persistence/progression group (0.00% vs. 73.17%, p = 0.003). The adverse reactions after PDT treatment were mild, mainly manifested as increased vaginal secretions or burning/tingling.ConclusionsPhotodynamic therapy can significantly enhance the elimination rate of persistent HPV infection in postmenopausal women and reduce the progression of CIN1/VaIN1. It could be an effective conservative treatment for persistent HPV infection and CIN1/VaIN1 in postmenopausal women.     

女性致密性骨炎血清骨转换生化标志物水平变化研究

背景 致密性骨炎（OCI）和其他疾病有时难以鉴别，探讨血清骨转换生化标志物可为OCI的鉴别诊断提供依据。 目的 探索女性OCI患者的血清骨转换生化标志物的水平变化及临床意义。 方法 回顾性选取2013年6月至2022年2月在北京积水潭医院门诊及住院诊断为OCI的61例女性患者作为观察组，年龄15~50岁，平均（33.8±6.6）岁，病程2周~15年。选择同期61例女性体检健康者作为对照组，年龄15~48岁，平均（35.6±7.6）岁。比较两组一般临床资料和血清骨转换生化标志物水平，并对血清骨转换生化标志物与病情相关指标进行相关性分析。 结果 观察组血清白蛋白（45.4±2.9）g/L低于对照组（46.5±2.8）g/L（t=2.190，P<0.05）。血清骨转换生化标志物比较结果显示，观察组血清1型胶原羧基末端肽β特殊序列（β-CTX）〔0.28（0.23，0.37）μg/L〕、N-端骨钙素（OC）〔13.1（11.2，16.2）μg/L〕、25-羟维生素D3〔25-（OH）VD3〕〔（14.1±5.1）μg/L〕低于对照组〔0.36（0.29，0.48）μg/L，15.6（13.7，17.3）μg/L，（17.5±6.6）μg/L〕（Z=-2.983、-3.255，t=3.081，P<0.05）。长病程亚组OC水平〔14.6（12.4，18.5）μg/L〕高于短病程亚组〔11.7（10.2，14.0）μg/L〕（Z=-2.407，P<0.05）。多孕亚组β-CTX〔0.25（0.22，0.32）μg/L〕、OC水平〔12.2（10.3，15.0）μg/L〕低于非多孕亚组〔0.33（0.26，0.44）μg/L、13.4（12.0，18.8）μg/L〕（Z=-2.486、-1.897，P<0.05）。相关性分析显示，观察组血清1型前胶原氨基端延长肽（tP1NP）与妊娠次数、生产次数均呈负相关（rs=-0.276、-0.298，P<0.05），OC与体质指数（BMI）、视觉模拟评分法（VAS）评分、妊娠次数均呈负相关（rs=-0.284、-0.374、-0.360，P<0.05），25-（OH）VD3水平与BMI呈正相关（rs=0.275，P<0.05）。 结论 女性OCI患者血清OC、β-CTX水平明显降低，可为鉴别其他疾病提供依据；血清OC水平可以反映OCI患者的严重程度，同时OC水平与患者妊娠次数相关；tP1NP与妊娠次数、生产次数相关。     

儿童1型糖尿病骨密度变化及影响因素分析

目的 测定儿童1型糖尿病(T1DM)患者骨密度(BMD),分析探讨骨密度变化的影响因素。方法 选取于2018年1月—2021年6月于我院收治的儿童1型糖尿病患者76例,收集性别、年龄、发病年龄、身高、体重、BMI、病程等基本资料,检测空腹血糖、空腹C肽、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、血碳酸氢根(HCO3-)、血清碱性磷酸酶(ALP),应用双能X线吸收测定法测定骨密度,获取Z值。结果 76例儿童1型糖尿病患者骨密度Z值为-0.93±2.14。HbA1c、病程与骨密度Z值呈负相关,差异具有统计学意义(分别B=-0.334,P<0.001;B=-0.191,P=0.017)。结论 儿童1型糖尿病患者骨密度低于健康儿童,血糖控制不良、病程长是1型糖尿病儿童骨密度减低的危险因素。     

Successful treatment of linezolid-induced severe lactic acidosis with continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration: A case report

Linezolid is an oxazolidinone antibiotic. Linezolid-associated lactic acidosis has been reported in 6.8% of linezolid-treated patients. Lactic acidosis is associated with poor clinical outcomes, with high blood lactate levels resulting in organ dysfunction and mortality. This case report describes the development of lactic acidosis in a 64-year-old Chinese woman who had received 33 days of treatment with antituberculosis drugs and 28 days of treatment with oral linezolid for tuberculous meningitis. Severe lactic acidosis was reversed by withdrawing antituberculosis drugs and using continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration (CVVH). When the patient's condition was stable, she was transferred to the infectious disease department, and antituberculosis drugs, with the exception of linezolid, were reintroduced. This did not result in recurrence of lactic acidosis. The causal relationship between lactic acidosis and linezolid was categorized as ‘probable’ on the Adverse Drug Reaction Probability Scale. This case demonstrates that CVVH has potential as an alternative to discontinuation of linezolid alone for rapid reversal of linezolid-associated severe lactic acidosis.     

儿童社区获得性肺炎血清维生素A的变化及与免疫功能相关性

目的 研究社区获得性肺炎(community acquired pneumonia,CAP)患儿血清维生素A(vitamin A,VA)水平及与免疫功能的相关性,为肺炎病情评估提供一定参考。方法 以入住新乡医学院第一附属医院PICU的63例重度社区获得性肺炎(severe community acquired pneumonia, SCAP)患儿(SCAP组)、普通儿科病区的30例轻度社区获得性肺炎(mild community acquired pneumonia, MCAP)患儿(MCAP组),以及同期体检的30名健康儿童(对照组)为研究对象,检测其血清中VA和免疫球蛋白(immunoglobulin,Ig)G、IgA、IgM水平,及SCAP组体内T淋巴细胞亚群(总T淋巴细胞、CD4、CD8、CD4/CD8),并对SCAP组体内VA水平及以上指标的相关性进行分析。结果 3组性别和年龄差异无统计学意义;血清中VA的平均含量分别为0.36、0.25和0.19 mg/L,CAP组VA的含量较对照组明显降低,且SCAP组明显低于MCAP组(P<0.05)。根据WHO推荐的VA诊断标准,3组VA临床缺乏/亚临床缺乏率分别为10.00%、36.67%和61.90%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。CAP组血清中Ig水平较对照组明显降低,且SCAP组明显低于MCAP组(P<0.05)。SCAP组血中总T淋巴细胞、CD4、CD8和CD4/CD8的平均水平分别为53.28%、30.26%、20.24%和1.59;分析VA水平与免疫相关指标关系发现VA水平与Ig(IgG、IgA、IgM)水平、总T淋巴细胞、CD4呈正相关,与CD8水平不相关。结论 肺炎患儿血清VA水平与病情严重程度及机体免疫功能相关。