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51.
To date, the neural underpinnings of affective components in language processing in children remain largely unknown. To fill this gap, the present study examined behavioural and neural correlates of children and adults performing the same auditory valence decision task with an event-related fMRI paradigm. Based on previous findings in adults, activations in anterior and posterior cingulate cortex, orbitofrontal cortex and left inferior frontal gyrus were expected for both positive and negative valence categories. Recent behavioural findings on valence decisions showed similar ratings and reaction time patterns in children and adults. This finding was successfully replicated in the present study. On a neural level, our analysis of affective language processing showed activations in regions associated with both semantic (superior and middle temporal and frontal) and affective (anterior and posterior cingulate, orbitofrontal and inferior frontal, insula and amygdala) processing. Neural activations in children and adults were systematically different in explicit affective word processing. In particular, adults showed a more distributed semantic network activation while children recruited additional subcortical structures. 相似文献
52.
Purpose
Motor skill screening tools are essential for the early detection of developmental coordination disorder (DCD). The present study aimed to examine any cultural and rater effects on these tools. This then enabled us to judge the validity of the original cut-off values for identifying diagnosable children.Methods
A community sample survey was performed in Japan; 3852 children aged 6–9?years were recruited. Both parents and teachers evaluated the motor skills of their children using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children – Second Edition Checklist. The psychometric properties were evaluated and the scoring characteristics examined based on the type of rater and country of origin, as compared to data originally sampled in the UK.Results
High reliability and validity of the Japanese samples were confirmed. The Japanese adults evaluated their children’s motor skills more rigorously than the Europeans. Additionally, there was a large disagreement between parent and teacher rating scores; the degree of agreement varied depending on the severity of motor deficits in the child.Conclusion
The first findings from a Japanese sample suggest that the assessment of motor skills in children is significantly affected by culture and rater. These cultural characteristics and rater biases strongly suggest that new cut-off values, reflecting country and rater type, be introduced for identifying children at risk of DCD. 相似文献53.
54.
Amgad El Mekabaty Monica S. Pearl Bommy Mershon Ivor Berkowitz Philippe Gailloud Thierry A.G.M. Huisman 《Journal of neuroradiology. Journal de neuroradiologie》2019,46(3):214-221
Background and purpose
The vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation (VGAM) is a rare congenital vascular malformation with a higher morbidity and mortality, especially in neonates. Ultrasound, CT and MR are usually used in diagnosis and treatment monitoring of these disorders. In this current study, we aim to examine utility of SWI in evaluation of treatment response in infants with VGAM.Materials and methods
We performed a retrospective chart analysis of children with VGAM in our institution between January 2008 and December 2016. Inclusion criteria included; confirmed VGAM on DSA; available SWI sequence at baseline and at follow up after at least a single embolization session; age at initial MR of 18?years or younger. Signal intensity and Angioarchitecture of VGAM and cerebral veins on SWI, as well as hydrocephalus and clinical outcome were evaluated.Results
Of 11 patients identified with VGAM in our institution, 5 children (3 males and 2 females) satisfied the inclusion criteria. The average age at initial MR was 29?days (range 1–120). Fourteen MRI were available for review. All children had VGAM of mural type. Intramedullary veins were dilated and SWI-hypointense in all children, while subependymal and sulcal veins were dilated and SWI-hypointense in 4 patients on initial MRI. On the first available follow up MRI, cerebral veins have mostly normalized in 4 children and remained mostly dilated and SWI-hypointense in 1 child; even after complete treatment of the VGAM.Conclusion
Our preliminary findings show that SWI seems to offer a beneficial non-invasive tool in evaluating passive venous congestion patterns in pediatric patients with VGAM. It remains to be determined in larger studies, the clinical significance of these SWI changes. 相似文献55.
56.
【摘要】目的 探讨南充地区儿童社区获得性肺炎(CAP)的病原学分布特点。方法 选取2017 年 1 月~12 月于南充市中心医院儿科病房住院的749例CAP患儿,根据年龄分为婴儿组(319例)、幼儿组(217例)、学龄前组(154例)、学龄组(59例),回顾性分析患儿咽深部呼吸道分泌物的细菌培养和呼吸道 11 种病原体IgM抗体血清学检测结果。结果 749例患儿中,310例检出细菌阳性,阳性率41.39%,其中肺炎链球菌82株(26.45%),大肠埃希菌63株(20.32%),流感嗜血杆菌39株(12.58%); 220例检出病毒阳性,阳性率为29.37%,其中IVB208株(65.00%),IVA41株(12.81%),PIV39株(12.19%);102例检出非典型肺炎病原阳性,阳性率13.62%,其中MP74株(62.18%),CP30株(25.21%),LP15株(12.60%);混合病原体检出阳性者有177例,阳性率15.62%,其中细菌、病毒混合感染60例(33.90%),细菌、非典型肺炎病原体混合感染56例(31.64%),病毒混合感染30例(16.95%)。结论 肺炎链球菌是南充地区CAP住院患儿的首要细菌病原,IVB是首要病毒病原,MP是首要非典型肺炎病原,混合感染以细菌、病毒混合感染为主。 相似文献
57.
Tonya J.H. White 《Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry》2019,58(11):1042-1050
58.
Maria del Mar Bibiloni Jordi Fernández-Blanco Noemí Pujol-Plana Sònia Surià Sonet Maria Cèlia Pujol-Puyané Sílvia Mercadé Fuentes Laura Ojer Fernández de Soto Josep A. Tur 《Gaceta sanitaria / S.E.S.P.A.S》2019,33(2)
Objective
To assess a 6-month nutritional and physical activity intervention program on the nutritional status of overweight or obese and not very active 8-14 years old children by means of a controlled pre-post design (ACTIVA’T program).Method
Pre-post study in 8-14 years old overweight or obese and low active children from Vilafranca del Penedès (Barcelona, Spain) randomized in control group (n = 51, 47.1% girls, nutritional intervention and ≤3 h/wk physical activity) and ACTIVA’T group (n = 45, 37.8% girls, nutritional and physical activity ≥5 h/wk intervention). Body mass index, waist/height index, and diet quality by means of KIDMED test at the beginning and at the end of the program were assessed. During the intervention, each participant was accompanied by a relative (father or mother) who performed the same activities as the children.Results
Dietary recommendations have positively changed the habits of both ACTIVA’T and control group. The reversion in the prevalence of overweight and obesity was 93.8% and 58.6%, respectively, in the ACTIVA’T group, compared to 25.0% and 35.8% in the control group. Abdominal obesity was decreased from 42.2% to 17.8% in the ACTIVA’T group and from 47.1% to 27.5% in the control group.Conclusions
The program ACTIVA’T (nutritional education and physical activity promotion) improves the quality of diet and reverses the prevalence of overweight and obesity in the underactive child population. 相似文献59.
《中国现代医生》2020,58(16):67-69
目的 了解贵州省人民医院白云分院呼吸道感染患儿甲乙流病毒检测情况。方法 回顾性分析2019年4~12月在贵州省人民医院白云分院进行甲乙流病毒检测的患儿检测结果及其流行病学特点。结果 共有7692例患儿进行了甲乙流病毒检测,检出阳性率为15.95%,其中甲型流感病毒和乙型流感病毒检出率分别为13.38%和2.57%。检出阳性率存在年龄和季节分布特点,5岁以上的儿童检出率最高,冬季检出率可高达22.20%。结论 呼吸道感染患儿流感病毒检测阳性率较高,并且具有一定的年龄易感性和季节分布特点,医院、社区、学校和家庭应根据其特点做出针对性防治策略。 相似文献
60.
The prevalence of asthma and obesity in children has been steadily increasing globally over the past several decades, with increased concern in low and middle income countries. In this review, we summarize the current literature on these two parallel epidemics and explore the relationship between paediatric obesity and asthma in the paediatric population. Finally, we focus on the current literature as it relates to underlying physiologic alterations and changes in pulmonary function for children with obesity and asthma. 相似文献