Cryoprecipitate and factor VIII commercial concentrates:In vitro characteristics andin vivo compartmental analysis

Summary In vitro andin vivo characteristics of cryoprecipitates and three commercial factor VIII concentrates (Kryobulin, Hemofil and Koate) were comparatively studied. Factor VIII:C/VIII:Ag ratio was very low in all commercial concentrates without differences among them. Conversely, the decrease of factor VIIIR:WFRCof was proportional to the degree of purity. Factor VIII:C/VIIIR:WFRCof ratio was shown to be a reliable index of factor VIII complex denaturation. Crossed electroimmunoassay showed a faster migration of factor VIIIR:Ag only in commercial concentrates. Using a two-compartmental open model that accounts for endogenous synthesis of factor VIII:C, single-dose kinetics of factor VIII:C were studied in 23 patients with classic hemophilia. Good agreement between measured and fitted values of factor VIII:C plasma concentration was observed. β half-life was shorter in high purity concentrates and longer in intermediate purity concentrates and cryoprecipitates.     

血浆制备时间和速冻方法对冷沉淀凝血因子质量的影响

目的探讨新鲜血浆的制备时间和速冻方法对冷沉淀凝血因子质量的影响,选择合适的制备时间和速冻方法。方法随机抽取制备时间分别为2 h、4 h、6 h、8 h新鲜血浆各16人(份),采用无菌接驳机平均分为A、B两实验组,分别用平板速冻机和传统低温冰箱速冻制备新鲜冰冻血浆(FFP);在相同条件下分别对两组FFP制备冷沉淀;采用凝固法检测两组冷沉淀的凝血因子Ⅷ(FⅧ)和纤维蛋白原(Fg)。结果血浆制备时间为2 h、4 h、6 h、8 h的冷沉淀FⅧ活性(IU)A组分别为78.40±22.87、74.06±23.72、71.25±19.93、70.53±18.84,B组分别为66.60±17.12、58.08±18.19、52.57±12.26、51.19±12.51。A、B组冷沉淀FⅧ随着制备时间的延长,均呈下降趋势,相同制备时相A与B组比较均有统计学差异(P<0.05);A组FⅧ活性4个制备时相间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),B组2 h与6 h、8 h比较差异均有统计学差异(P<0.05)。血浆制备时间为2 h、4 h、6 h、8 h的冷沉淀中Fg含量(mg)A组分别为114.53±24.76、117.62±27.61、114.44±22.84、120.23±26.48,B组分别为113.36±23.53、116.43±25.38、115.28±23.66、117.92±25.58,Fg含量在不同制备时间和速冻方法条件均无统计学差异。结论 8 h内制备血浆2种速冻方法均能满足冷沉淀质量要求,平板式速冻机制备血浆的冷沉淀FⅧ活性显著性高于传统低温冰箱。     

Neonatal transfusion

Neonates and particularly preterm neonates are frequent recipients of large volumes of blood products relative to their size. Good quality evidence for transfusion practice in this patient group has been lacking but is now increasing. Triggers for red cell transfusion are now better defined, with on-going trials of platelet transfusions likely to yield similar evidence. Transfusion is now extremely safe, but complications such as transfusion associated acute lung injury (TRALI) and transfusion associated circulatory overload (TACO) are likely to be under recognised, particularly in the sick extremely preterm neonate with respiratory symptoms. This review summarises the rationale and current practice with regard to blood component therapy. Background data on component specifications and hazards of transfusion are provided. Indications for transfusion of specific products including red cells, platelets, and plasma are discussed, and their use is illustrated by case examples.     

冷沉淀治疗肝硬化合并消化道出血

目的研究冷沉淀用于肝硬化合并消化道出血的临床效果。方法选取于2014年2月至2016年3月期间,我院收治的肝硬化合并消化道出血患者32例,随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组16例,治疗组患者给予适量的冷沉淀,根据患者凝血四项及D-D二聚体水平检测结果,进行适当调整;对照组患者给予灭活冰冻血浆,去白悬浮红细胞等成分血。对比两组患者治疗前后的PT、aPTT、TT、Fbg指标,D-二聚体水平,实验结束后,对比两组患者的成分血用量及治愈率。结果治疗组患者的PT、aPTT、TT水平显著低于治疗前,且显著低于对照组(P0.05),Fbg水平显著高于治疗前及对照组(P0.05),治疗组患者的灭活冰冻血浆,去白悬浮红细胞的输注量显著低于对照组(P0.05),治疗组共治愈患者15例(93.75),对照组共治愈11例(68.75%),治疗组的治愈率显著高于对照组(P0.05)。结论在肝硬化合并消化道出血患者中输入冷沉淀,具有提高患者血液循环中凝血酶因子及纤维蛋白原等凝血物质的水平,治愈率高。     

冷沉淀中凝血因子检测结果与分析

目的了解冷沉淀中凝血因子的活性以及凝血酶原时间(PT)、部分活化凝血酶原时间(APTT),确保临床输注疗效。方法随机抽取20份冷沉淀,采用凝固光学检测法,经全自动血凝分析仪测定冷沉淀中部分凝血因子的活性及PT、APTT,并进行分析。结果检测F、F、F、F、F的活性(%)分别为5.40±0.11、7.35±0.35、5.27±0.40、165.42±32.55、108.50±2.96,PT、APTT(s)分别为15.20±0.25、14.01±5.54。结论进行冷沉淀中凝血因子活性和PT、APTT的检测,有利于确保临床合理使用冷沉淀。     

冷沉淀在心脏外科手术中的作用

目的分析冷沉淀在心脏外科手术中的作用,为心脏外科手术中的输血治疗提供指导建议。方法对2010年6月～2010年12月于本院心脏外科手术中接受输注冷沉淀治疗的48例患者的病例资料进行搜集整理,用Ex-cel 2003录入数据,SPSS 17.0软件进行统计分析。结果①心脏外科手术中输注冷沉淀的常见病种排序为:主动脉夹层动脉瘤54.2%、风湿性心脏病25%、先天性心脏病10.4%、冠心病6.3%。②患者输注冷沉淀前后纤维蛋白原浓度(Fbg)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化的部分血浆凝血活酶时间(aPTT)明显改善。③冷沉淀输注后红细胞、血浆、血小板的输注量明显下降。结论在高危复杂的心脏外科手术中,恰当输注冷沉淀可以有效地改善患者的凝血功能,并降低其他血制品的输注量。     

冷沉淀在痔瘘科的应用研究

目的：探讨冷沉淀在痔瘘科的应用价值。方法：192例患者随机分为实验组和对照组，实验组术后创面外用冷沉淀，对照组术后创面用常规药物处理，比较分析两组创面愈合时间的长短。结果：实验组肛周脓肿、肛瘘、痔疮病人创面平均愈合时间比对照组分别缩短5．68d，6．01d，1．87d。结论：冷沉淀具有明显的促进痔瘘疾病术后创面愈合的作用。     

Invitro efficacy of RiaSTAP after rapid reconstitution

Background

Fibrinogen is the first coagulation factor to reach critical levels during hemorrhage. Consequently, reestablishing normal fibrinogen levels is necessary to achieve adequate hemostasis. Fibrinogen is supplemented through administration of fresh frozen plasma, cryoprecipitate, or human fibrinogen concentrate, RiaSTAP. RiaSTAP is potentially the most advantageous fibrinogen replacement product because it offers the highest fibrinogen concentration, lowest volume, and most consistent dose. Unfortunately, RiaSTAP is limited by a protocol reconstitution time of 15 min. Conversely, physicians in emergency settings frequently resort to a forceful and rapid reconstitution, which causes foaming and possible protein loss and/or damage. This study aims to address the in vitro effectiveness of protocol-reconstituted RiaSTAP versus rapidly reconstituted RiaSTAP versus cryoprecipitate.

Methods

Three fibrinogen treatments were prepared: protocol-reconstituted RiaSTAP, rapidly reconstituted RiaSTAP, and thawed cryoprecipitate. Each treatment was added in theoretical doses of 0–600 mg/dL to fibrinogen-depleted plasma (normal fibrinogen level is 150–450 mg/dL). Samples were generated in triplicate, and each sample was subjected to rapid thrombelastography and Clauss assays. The rapid thrombelastography assay measures the hemostatic potential of a blood and/or plasma sample. The maximum amplitude (MA) parameter indicates overall clot strength and is a reflection of fibrinogen efficacy. The Clauss assay measures the time to clot formation in response to a known concentration of thrombin, and the amount of functional fibrinogen is then determined from a standard curve.

Results

For all fibrinogen treatments, increasing fibrinogen dose resulted in an increase in MA. There was no significant difference in MA between both RiaSTAP reconstitutions (slope of RiaSTAP [protocol], 10.85 mm/[100 mg/dL] and slope of RiaSTAP [rapid], 10.54 mm/[100 mg/dL]). However, both protocol-reconstituted RiaSTAP and rapidly reconstituted RiaSTAP have higher MA values than cryoprecipitate in doses of ≥100 mg/dL. Moreover, each replicate of cryoprecipitate showed a higher variance in fibrinogen efficacy (coefficient of variance [CV] = 44.7%) at a fibrinogen dose of 300 mg/dL. RiaSTAP, however, showed a lower variance in fibrinogen efficacy for both reconstitutions (RiaSTAP [protocol], CV = 3.3% and RiaSTAP [rapid], CV = 2.7%), indicating a consistent fibrinogen dose.

Conclusions

RiaSTAP (either reconstitution method) has greater hemostatic potential and less variability in fibrinogen concentration compared with cryoprecipitate. Rapidly reconstituted RiaSTAP does not compromise hemostatic potential and can be used to potentially facilitate hemostasis in rapidly bleeding patients.