5 Hz频率经颅磁刺激对脑卒中后偏瘫患者事件相关电位P300的影响

目的探讨5 Hz频率重复经颅磁刺激(rTMS)对脑卒中后偏瘫患者认知功能、肢体功能及事件相关电位P300的影响。方法选取荥阳市人民医院2019年1月至2020年12月期间83例脑卒中后偏瘫患者,按随机数字表分为对照组(41例)给予低频rTMS(1 Hz)和观察组(42例)给予高频rTMS(5 Hz),对比两组认知功能、肢体功能、事件相关电位。结果治疗后,观察组的蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)(23.94±2.57)分、洛文斯顿认知成套测验(LOTCA)评分(99.52±7.04)分较对照组(21.65±2.04)分、(95.46±6.48)分高(P<0.05);观察组的Fugl-Meyer运动功能评价量表(FMA)上肢部分评分(38.50±4.29)分、Wolf运动功能评定量表(WMFT)评分(48.84±3.47)分、卒中患者运动功能评估量表(MAS)评分(9.59±2.31)分均较对照组(31.53±4.08)分、(45.56±2.60)分、(8.07±1.88)分高(P<0.05);观察组P300的潜伏期(360.85±15.79)ms较对照组(379.46±16.82)ms短,P300的波幅(11.90±1.70)μV较对照组(11.15±1.54)μV大(P<0.05)。结论5 Hz频率rTMS可刺激脑卒中后偏瘫患者的脑诱发电位,改善其认知功能和肢体功能。     

免疫增强型肠内营养治疗脓毒性休克合并急性胃肠损伤的临床疗效

目的 探讨免疫增强型肠内营养治疗脓毒性休克合并急性胃肠损伤(AGI)的临床疗效。方法 选择南通市妇幼保健院重症医学科2019年12月-2020年12月脓毒性休克患者64例为研究对象，随机分为研究组和对照组各32例。研究组使用免疫增强型肠内营养制剂给予肠内营养，对照组使用普通型肠内营养制剂给予肠内营养。比较两组治疗7 d后AGI改善情况、统计重症监护室(ICU)住院时间、抗感染治疗时间和机械通气时间。抽取外周血并分离血清，检测治疗前后肠屏障功能指标[D-乳酸和内毒素(ET)]以及核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体3(NLRP3)通路因子[NLRP3、Casepase-1和白细胞介素-1B(IL-1B)]水平。结果 研究组AGI总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05);研究组患者ICU住院时间、抗感染治疗时间和机械通气时间短于对照组(P<0.05),但两组28 d死亡例数比较，无统计学差异；治疗前两组血清中D-乳酸、ET、NLRP3、Casepase-1和IL-1B水平比较，无统计学差异；治疗后两组血清中D-乳酸、ET、NLRP3、Casepase-1和IL-1B水平均较治疗前降低(P<0.05);治疗后研究组血清中D-乳酸、ET、NLRP3、Casepase-1和IL-1B水平低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 免疫增强型肠内营养可显著改善脓毒性休克的AGI状态，在一定程度上恢复肠黏膜屏障功能，并降低NLRP3/Casepase-1/IL-1B介导的过度炎症损伤。     

居家个性化护理,助脑梗死患者早日康复

脑梗死也叫作缺血性脑卒中,是中老年人群中常见的一种脑血管疾病,死亡率、致残率均较高。脑梗死急性期须治疗1~2周,出院后也须长期服药预防复发,从康复角度来讲,也须进行3~6个月的康复治疗。许多老年患者在治疗的过程中会产生恐惧、焦虑等情绪,对治疗配合度、治疗效果均有着一定的影响。因此,脑梗死护理在治疗过程中起着非常重要的作用,患者需要接受个性化的身心护理来配合治疗。     

床头柜不同摆放位置结合认知功能训练对脑卒中后单侧忽略患者运动功能的影响

目的 比较床头柜不同摆放位置结合认知功能训练对脑卒中后单侧忽略患者运动功能的影响。方法 将120例脑卒中后单侧忽略患者随机分为A组、B组、C组，每组40例，A组接受常规康复训练，将摆放日常生活用品的床头柜置于健侧肢体所在侧的床头，B组在A组治疗训练的基础上给予认知功能训练，并将摆放日常生活用品的床头柜置于健侧肢体所在侧的床头，C组在B组治疗训练的基础上，将摆放日常生活用品的床头柜置于患侧肢体所在侧的床头。干预后比较3组患者单侧忽略程度、肢体运动功能、认知功能及生活质量评分情况。结果 治疗后，3组患者单侧忽略程度均较治疗前减轻，且C组轻于A、B两组，3组上肢运动功能评分、下肢运动功能评分、简易精神状态评估量表评分、生活质量评分均较治疗前提高，且C组高于A、B两组(均P<0.05);B组患者的肢体运动功能评分和生活质量评分均高于A组(P<0.05)。结论 在常规康复训练、认知功能训练的基础上，将摆放日常生活用品的床头柜置于患侧肢体所在侧的床头，可以减轻脑卒中后单侧忽略程度，促进患者认知功能、运动功能及生活质量的提高。     

经鼻高流量氧气湿化治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重合并呼吸衰竭的可行性研究

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of transnasal heated humidified high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) with respiratory failure in elderly patients. MethodsA total of 176 elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with respiratory failure who were hospitalized at Peking University Shougang Hospital from December 2016 to January 2022 were enrolled, including 82 patients in an HFNC group and 94 patients in an NPPV group. After treatment, pulse oxygen saturation (SPO₂), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂), oxygenation index (OI), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), comfort score, discharge rate, rate of endotracheal intubation, rate of transfer to intensive care unit (ICU), and mortality were compared between the two groups. The independent sample t-test was used for comparison between the two groups. Statistical data are expressed in percentage or number of cases and the χ² test was used for their comparisons. ResultsThe SPO₂ values at 30 min, 1 h, and 6 h were significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.049,-2.618, and -3.314, P=0.043, 0.010, and 0.001, respectively). SPO₂ before discharge was significantly lower than that of the NPPV group (t=2.162, P=0.033), but OI at each time point and before discharge had no statistical significance (P＞0.05). MAP at 6 h was significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.209, P=0.029), but within the normal range. HRs at 2 h and 3 h in the HFNC group were significantly higher than those of the NPPV group (t=-2.199 and -2.336, P=0.030 and 0.021, respectively). There were no significant differences in RR, HR, or MAP between the two groups at other time points and before discharge (P＞0.05). There was no significant difference in PaCO2 between the two groups (P＞0.05). Comfort score in the HFNC group was significantly higher than that of the NPPV group (t=-46.807, P＜0.001). There were no significant differences in discharge rate, ICU transfer rate, endotracheal intubation rate, and mortality between the two groups (P＞0.05). ConclusionHFNC is as effective as NPPV in treating elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with type Ⅰ or mild type Ⅱ respiratory failure, and HFNC is more comfortable than NPPV.     

模拟马术训练对脑卒中后共济失调的效果

目的 探索模拟马术训练对后循环卒中共济失调患者姿势控制、平衡、步行和日常生活活动能力的效果。     

缺血性脑卒中侧支循环影响因素的研究进展

综述缺血性脑卒中病人侧支循环影响因素的研究现状。脑侧支循环是维持缺血区域脑灌注,维持神经功能,影响治疗效果的重要因素。既往对于侧支循环的影响因素做了诸多研究,但尚未找到一个具有高度敏感性与特异性的因素来反映侧支循环的形成与发展,临床上也尚无特定的干预手段增强侧支循环,4D-CT血管成像可以为侧支循环影响因素及临床干预疗效的验证提供帮助。