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31.
Peter Brønnum Nielsen Søren Lundbye-Christensen Lars Hvilsted Rasmussen Torben Bjerregaard Larsen 《Thrombosis research》2014
Introduction
Warfarin is the most widely prescribed vitamin K antagonist and in the United States and Europe more than 10 million people are currently in long-term oral anticoagulant treatment. This study aims to retrospectively validate a dynamic statistical model providing dosage suggestions to patients in warfarin treatment.Materials and methods
The model was validated on a cohort of 553 patients with a mean TTR of 83%. Patients in the cohort were self-monitoring and managed by a highly specialised anticoagulation clinic. The predictive model essentially consists of three parts handling INR history, warfarin dosage and biological noise, which allows for prediction of future INR values and optimal warfarin dose to stay on INR target. Further, the model is based on parameters initially being set to population values and gradually individualised during monitoring of patients.Primary outcome
Time in therapeutic range was used as surrogate quality measure of the treatment, and model-suggested dosage of warfarin was used to assess the accuracy of the model performance.Results
The accuracy of the model predictions measured as median absolute error was 0.53 mg/day (interquartile range from 0.25 to 1.0). The model performance was evaluated by the difference between observed and predicted warfarin intake in the preceding week of an INR measurement. In more than 70% of the cases where INR measurements were outside the therapeutic range, the model suggested a more reasonable dose than the observed intake.Conclusion
Applying the proposed dosing algorithm can potentially further increase the time in INR target range beyond 83%. 相似文献32.
Wei-Sheng Chung Cheng-Li Lin Shih-Ni Chang Hui-Ann Chung Fung-Chang Sung Chia-Hung Kao 《Thrombosis research》2014
Background
We investigated the effect of spinal cord injury (SCI) on the development of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary thromboembolism (PE) by conducting a nationwide longitudinal cohort study.Methods
We studied the entire hospitalized population in Taiwan for the 1998–2008 period, with a follow-up period extending to the end of 2010. We identified SCI patients using the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD), and selected a cohort that was 1:4 frequency-matched by age (5-y span), sex, and index year from the general population. We analyzed the risks of DVT and PE using Cox proportional-hazards regression models, which included the demographic variables of sex, age, and comorbidities.Results
A total of 47,916 SCI patients (62.7% men, mean age of 50.0 y) and 191,664 controls were followed for 308,266 and 1,341,169 person-years, respectively. The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of DVT and PE development was 2.46-fold and 1.57-fold among the SCI patients, respectively. The highest risk of DVT and PE developed within 3 months after an SCI occurred (HR: 16.9 and 3.64, respectively). The adjusted HR of DVT and PE rose markedly with increasing age. The adjusted HR of DVT was highest among C-spine SCI patients, and the adjusted HR of PE was highest among T-spine SCI patients.Conclusion
This nationwide prospective cohort study demonstrated that the risk of DVT and PE increased significantly in SCI patients compared with that of the general population. The highest risk of DVT and PE developed within 3 months after an SCI occurred. 相似文献33.
Background
Numerous new oral anticoagulants (NOACs) have been compared to a parenteral anticoagulant/oral vitamin K antagonist (VKA) for the treatment of acute venous thromboembolism (VTE). We aimed to conduct a systematic review and adjusted indirect comparison meta-analysis to compare the efficacy and safety of NOACs for this indication.Methods
We conducted a systematic literature search through November 2013 for randomized trials that evaluated treatment of acute VTE with a NOAC including rivaroxaban, apixaban, dabigatran and edoxaban. Trials had to report at least one of the following outcomes of interest: mortality, recurrent VTE, recurrent pulmonary embolism (PE), recurrent deep vein thrombosis (DVT), or major bleeding. Included trials were evaluated for quality using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. We performed an adjusted indirect comparison meta-analysis to evaluate the comparative efficacy and safety of NOACs, reporting relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals for each outcome.Results
Six trials (n = 27,069) met inclusion criteria, one each evaluating apixaban and edoxaban and two trials each evaluating rivaroxaban and dabigatran. Risk of bias was low for all trials. NOACS did not differ significantly in the risk of mortality, recurrent VTE, recurrent PE or recurrent DVT. Dabigatran increased major bleeding risk compared to apixaban [RR 2.69 (1.19 to 6.07)] as did edoxaban compared to apixaban [RR 2.74 (1.40 to 5.39)].Conclusion
Although NOACs do not appear to differ in the efficacy of treating acute VTE, data suggests apixaban to be the safer than some of its competitors. 相似文献34.
Kourosh Rezania MD Ori Gottlieb MD Amy Guralnick MD Vivek Prachand MD Bobbie J. Sweitzer MD Wickii Vigneswaran MD Steven R. White MD Raymond P. Roos MD 《Muscle & nerve》2014,50(5):863-865
Introduction: Patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are prone to venous thromboembolism (VTE) and secondary complications. Because there is an increased incidence of VTE after surgical procedures, placement of a Diaphragm Pacing System (DPS) in ALS patients as treatment for respiratory muscle weakness could potentially increase the incidence of VTE, especially in patients with limited mobility. Methods: We implanted a DPS in 10 ALS patients who met the criteria for this procedure. They underwent a preoperative evaluation as recommended by the guidelines. Results: We report 2 patients with no symptoms of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) before the surgical procedure who then developed perioperative VTE. Conclusions: These patients highlight the need to consider preoperative screening for DVT and postoperative thromboprophylaxis in high‐risk ALS patients who undergo DPS placement. Muscle Nerve 50 : 863–865, 2014 相似文献
35.
36.
《The Journal of arthroplasty》2022,37(5):958-965.e3
BackgroundVenous thromboembolism (VTE) is a potential postoperative complication after total hip arthroplasty (THA). These events present with a range of severity, and some require readmission. The present study aimed to identify unexplored risk factors for severe VTE that lead to hospital readmission.MethodsThe Agency of Healthcare Research and Quality’s National Readmissions Database was retrospectively queried for all patients who underwent primary THA (January 2016 to December 2018). Study population included patients who were readmitted for VTE within 90 days after an elective THA. Bivariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed using patient demographics, insurance status, elective nature of the surgery, healthcare institution characteristics, and baseline comorbidities.ResultsHigher risk of readmission for VTE was evident among elderly (71-80 years vs <40 years: odds ratio [OR] 1.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3-2.2, P = .0002), male patients (OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.2-1.3). Nonelective THAs were associated with markedly higher odds of readmission for VTE (OR 20.5, 95% CI 18.9-22.2), peripheral vascular disease (OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.1-1.4), lymphoma (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.1-2.1), metastatic cancer (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.4-2.2), obesity (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.4-1.6), and fluid-electrolyte imbalance (OR 1.1, 95% CI 1.0-1.2). Home health care (OR 0.8, 95% CI 0.7-0.8) and discharge to skilled nursing facility (OR 0.7, 95% CI 0.7-0.8) had lower odds of readmission for VTE vs unsupervised home discharge, while insurance type was not a significant driver(P > .05).ConclusionOne in 135 THA patients is likely to experience a VTE requiring readmission after THA. Male patients, age >70 years, and specific baseline comorbidities increase such risk. Furthermore, discharge to a supervised setting mitigated the risk of VTE requiring readmission compared to unsupervised discharge. As VTE prophylaxis protocols continue to evolve, these patients may require optimized perioperative care pathways to mitigate VTE complications. 相似文献
37.
John Schomburg Suprita Krishna Ayman Soubra Katherine Cotter Yunhua Fan Graham Brown Badrinath Konety 《Urologic oncology》2018,36(2):77.e9-77.e13
Purpose
Venous thromboembolism (VTE), including deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism, is a common cause of morbidity and mortality after radical cystectomy. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the utility of extended outpatient chemoprophylaxis against VTE after radical cystectomy—with a focus on any reduction in the incidence of VTE, including DVT and pulmonary embolism.Materials and methods
Beginning in April 2013, we prospectively instituted a policy of extending inpatient VTE prophylaxis with subcutaneous heparin/enoxaparin for 30 days postoperatively. For this study, we reviewed the electronic medical records of all patients who underwent radical cystectomy at our institution from January 2012 through December 2015. The experimental group (n = 79) received extended outpatient chemoprophylaxis against VTE; the control group (n = 51) received no chemoprophylaxis after discharge. The primary outcome was the 90-day incidence of VTE. The secondary outcomes included the overall complication rate, the hemorrhagic complication rate, as well as the rate of readmission within 30 days of hospital discharge.Results
The experimental group experienced a significantly lower rate of DVT (5.06%), assessed as of 90 days postoperatively, than the control group (17.6%): a relative risk reduction of 71.3% (P = 0.021). We found no significant differences in secondary outcomes between the 2 groups, including the overall complication rate (54.4% vs. 68.6%), the hemorrhagic complication rate (3.7% vs. 2.0%), and the readmission rate (21.5% vs. 29.4%).Conclusion
Extended outpatient chemoprophylaxis significantly reduced the incidence of VTE. 相似文献38.
目的:比较利伐沙班与低分子肝素预防膝关节翻修术后深静脉血栓(Deep Vein Thrombosis,DVT)的临床疗效。方法:回顾分析2014年1月—2017年1月收治的58例(59膝)膝关节翻修患者的临床资料,按 DVT预防方式分为低分子肝素组33例(33膝)和利伐沙班组25例(26膝),采用SPSS19.0统计软件进行分析,比较两组患者术后DVT及出血事件的发生率和膝关节疼痛、肿胀、淤血瘀斑、功能以及不良事件发生率的差异。结果:术后患者切口均Ⅰ期愈合,利伐沙班组和低分子肝素组DVT的发生率为分别为4.00%(1/25)和6.06%(2/33),两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。利伐沙班组皮下瘀斑的发生率为36.00%(9/25),显著高于低分子肝素组6.06%(2/33),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者术后引流量、出凝血指标、肢体肿胀程度及膝关节HSS(Hospital for Special surgery knee Score)评分、VAS(Visual Analogue Score)疼痛评分、不良事件的发生率均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:利伐沙班和低分子肝素预防膝关节翻修术后DVT安全有效,二者效果相当,但利伐沙班增加了皮下瘀斑形成的风险。 相似文献
39.
Siavash Piran Grégoire Le Gal Philip S. Wells Esteban Gandara Marc Righini Marc A. Rodger Marc Carrier 《Thrombosis research》2013
Background
Patients with acute deep vein thrombus (DVT) can safely be treated as outpatients. However the role of outpatient treatment in patients diagnosed with a pulmonary embolism (PE) is controversial. We sought to determine the safety of outpatient management of patients with acute symptomatic PE.Materials and Methods
A systematic literature search strategy was conducted using MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials and all EBM Reviews. Pooled proportions for the different outcomes were calculated.Results
A total of 1258 patients were included in the systematic review. The rate of recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with PE managed as outpatients was 1.47% (95% CI: 0.47 to 3.0%; I2: 65.4%) during the 3 month follow-up period. The rate of fatal PE was 0.47% (95% CI: 0.16 to 1.0%; I2: 0%). The rates of major bleeding and fatal intracranial hemorrhage were 0.81% (95% CI: 0.37 to 1.42%; I2: 0%) and 0.29% (95% CI: 0.06 to 0.68%; I2: 0%), respectively. The overall 3 month mortality rate was 1.58% (95% CI: 0.71 to 2.80%; I2: 45%). The event rates were similar if employing risk stratification models versus using clinical gestalt to select appropriate patients for outpatient management.Conclusions
Independent of the risk stratification methods used, the rate of adverse events associated with outpatient PE treatment seems low. Based on our systematic review and pooled meta-analysis, low-risk patients with acute PE can safely be treated as outpatients if home circumstances are adequate. 相似文献40.
Charles E. Mahan Maxine D. Fisher Roger M. Mills Larry E. Fields Judith J. Stephenson An-Chen Fu Alex C. Spyropoulos 《Thrombosis research》2013