乳腺癌化疗HBV再激活患者肝功能水平及其影响因素

目的调查乳腺癌化疗患者乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)再激活和肝功能受损情况,分析影响HBV再激活的影响因素。方法选择2015年1月-2019年12月在焦作市人民医院及郑州大学第一附属医院(以下简称郑大一附院)接受化疗治疗的298例乳腺癌患者为研究对象,根据患者化疗期间是否发生HBV再激活,分为HBV激活组60例和HBV未激活组238例。回顾性分析两组患者入院的年龄、体质量指数(BMI)、化疗方案、是否使用激素治疗、基线乙型肝炎病毒e抗原(HBeAg)和基线HBV DNA等资料,归纳乳腺癌化疗患者HBV再激活的影响因素。分别于化疗前后,检测血清丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)和总胆红素(TBiL)水平和HBsAg、乙型肝炎病毒核心抗体(HBcAb)、HBeAg和乙型肝炎病毒e抗体(HBeAb)滴度,实时荧光PCR法检测HBV DNA,评估患者的肝功能损伤。结果 298例乳腺癌患者化疗后出现HBV再激活60例(20.13%)。HBV激活组患者化疗后血清HBsAg滴度、HBeAg滴度、ALT、AST和TBiL高于化疗前(P<0.05);HBV激活组患者化疗后的HBsAg滴度、HBeAg滴度、ALT、AST和TBiL变化水平分别为(2 786.43±157.69)IU/ml、(64.87±6.15)IU/ml、(50.63±7.97)U/L、(44.72±6.82)U/L和(13.42±1.83)μmol/L,明显高于HBV未激活组(P<0.05);基线HBV DNA阳性(OR=1.992,P=0.025)、基线AST升高(OR=1.923,P=0.037)和基线ALT升高(OR=2.063,P=0.012)是乳腺癌化疗患者HBV再激活的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论乳腺癌化疗HBV再激活患者的肝功能损伤发生率明显升高,临床需重点关注化疗患者的肝功能和HBV DNA水平。     

瑞血新治疗肿瘤放化疗中白细胞减少临床研究

目的探讨瑞血新(rhG-CSF)治疗因放化疗而引起的白细胞减少的作用。方法应用瑞血新治疗65例恶性肿瘤在放、化疗引起的白细胞减少,并与应用一般升白细胞药物(中成药)治疗58例恶性肿瘤所致白细胞减少进行了对比观察。结果瑞血新和一般升白细胞药物均能使放、化疗白细胞下降的患者恢复至正常范围(4×109/L),但应用瑞血新组白细胞回升到正常的平均时间为3.5d,而一般对照组需要11.2d,瑞血新组最低值为(2.1×109/L),对照组最低值0.8×109/L(两者显著差异P＜0.01)。结果瑞血新与传统中药相比,能明显缩短白细胞回升到正常的时间,减轻白细胞下降的程度,有助于放化疗如期进行。     

白细胞清除术联合化疗治疗高白细胞急性白血病疗效观察

目的：比较白细胞清除术联合化疗治疗高白细胞急性白血病与单纯化疗治疗高白细胞急性白血病的疗效。方法：采用前瞻性同期对照研究方法。结果：11例高白细胞急性白血病经白细胞清除术后化疗,CR率达54．5％,早期死亡率9％。单用化疗例,仅1例完全缓解,早期死亡3例（42．8％）。结论：白细胞清除术联合化疗治疗高白细胞急性白血病是目前较先进的一种方法。     

鼻咽癌多药耐药表型与化疗效果关系的探讨

目的 :观察鼻咽癌患者多药耐药表型与化疗效果的关系。方法 :对 2 4例未经治疗的鼻咽癌患者 ,取鼻咽部活检标本 ,用免疫组化法抗P -糖蛋白 (P -gp)单克隆抗体 (JSB -Ⅰ )检测P -gp。全部患者均接受长春新碱、环磷酰胺和 5 -氟尿嘧啶联合方案的化疗。患者对化疗反应的评分 :有效者包括完全反应或部分反应 ;无效者包括稳定或恶化。结果 :2 4例治疗前鼻咽癌患者中 ,8例 (33 3% )检测出P -gp阳性 ,16例 (6 6 7% )P -gp阴性。 8例P -gp阳性患者对化疗反应有效者 2例(2 5 % ) ,无效者 6例 (75 % )。 16例P -gp阴性患者对化疗有效者 14例 (87 5 % ) ,无效者 2例 (12 5 % ) ,两者差别显著 (P <0 0 1)。结论 :以P -gp介导的多药耐药表型与鼻咽癌对化疗耐药之间存在有统计学意义的关系     

胃癌术中动脉区域灌注化疗与全身静脉化疗的临床疗效比较

目的　评价胃癌术中动脉区域灌注化疗药物的临床疗效。方法　对 40例经病理确诊的胃癌患者 (治疗组 )于术中经供应肿瘤的区域动脉行插管化疗 ,同时进行手术治疗 ,并与同期术中行全身静脉化疗的 2 4例胃癌患者 (对照组 )进行临床疗效比较。结果　术后病理检查显示 ,治疗组原发灶中的癌细胞均有不同程度地变性坏死 ,其近期有效率为 95 % ,对照组有效率为 41.6 7% ,两组比较差异显著 (P<0 .0 5 )。结论　胃癌患者术中经动脉灌注化疗 ,其近期抗癌效果好 ,毒副反应轻 ,对减少或防止术中癌细胞的医源性扩散与种植以及术后复发 ,均有重要的临床意义     

Unique challenges and outcomes of young women with breast cancers from a tertiary care cancer centre in India

BackgroundYoung (≤40 years) breast cancers (YBC) are uncommon, inadequately represented in trials and have unique concerns and merit studying.MethodsThe YBC treated with a curative intent between 2015 and 2016 at our institute were analysed.ResultsThere were 1228 patients with a median age of 36 (12–40) years; 38 (3.1%) had Stage I, 455 (37.1%) - II, 692 (56.3%) –III, and remaining 43 (3.5%) Stage IV (oligo-metastatic) disease; 927 (75.5%) were node positive; 422 (34.4%) were Triple negatives (TNBC), 331 (27%) were HER-2 positive. There were 549 (48.2%) breast conservations and 591 (51.8%) mastectomies of which 62 (10.4%) underwent breast reconstruction. 1143 women received chemotherapy, 617 (53.9%) received as neoadjuvant and 142 (23.1%) had pathological complete response; 934 (81.9%) received adjuvant radiotherapy. At the median follow-up of 48 (0–131) months, 5-year overall and disease-free survival was 79.6% (76.8–82.5) and 59.1% (55.8–62.6). For stage I, II, III and IV, the 5-year overall-survival was 100%, 86.7% (82.8–90.6), 77.3% (73.4–81.2), 69.7% (52.5–86.9) and disease-free survival was 94% (85.9–100), 65.9% (60.3–71.5), 55% (50.5–59.5), and 29.6% (14–45.2) respectively. On multivariate analysis, TNBC and HER-2+ subgroups had poorer survival (p = 0.0035). 25 patients had BRCA mutations with a 5-year DFS of 65.1% (95% CI:43.6–86.6). Fertility preservation was administered in 104 (8.5%) patients; seven women conceived and 5 had live births. Significant postmenopausal symptoms were present in 153 (13%) patients.ConclusionMore than half of the YBC in India were diagnosed at an advanced stage with aggressive features leading to suboptimal outcomes. Awareness via national registry and early diagnosis is highly warranted. Menopausal symptoms and fertility issues are prevalent and demand special focus.     

Protroca: A Noninterventional Study on Prophylactic Lipegfilgrastim against Chemotherapy-Induced Neutropenia in Nonselected Breast Cancer Patients

BackgroundProtroca evaluated the efficacy and safety of primary and secondary prophylaxis of neutropenia with lipegfilgrastim (Lonquex®) in breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy (CT).Patients and MethodsOf the 255 patients enrolled, 248 patients were evaluable for the intent-to-treat (ITT) and 194 patients for the per-protocol set. Primary and secondary end points after lipegfilgrastim treatment were assessed.ResultsNine patients of the ITT set receiving lipegfilgrastim as primary prophylaxis (n = 222) had febrile neutropenia of grade 3–4 (5 patients) or infection of grade 3–4 (4 patients); 1/26 of those receiving secondary prophylaxis had an event. Dose reductions were performed in 9.5% of the patients. Postponement of cancer CT cycles for >3 days occurred in <15% of patients; 10.8% (92/851 AEs) and 8% (2/25 SAEs) of documented adverse events and serious adverse events, respectively, were related to lipegfilgrastim.ConclusionsApplication of lipegfilgrastim was effective as primary and secondary prophylaxis in the prevention of CT-induced neutropenia in breast cancer.     

50例多发性骨髓瘤患者外周血T细胞改变

多发性骨髓瘤伴有Ｔ细胞异常的５０例患者中，治疗前患者２３例，停药后复发者１２例，其末梢血ＯＫＴ＿３，ＯＫＴ＿４，ＯｋＴ＿４／ＯＫＴ＿８均低于正常对照（Ｐ＜０．００１），ＯＫＴ＿８相对增高，ＯＫＴ＿４下降与ＯＫＴ＿４／ＯＫＴ＿８比值降低在病情危重者尤甚。化疗可加深对Ｔ细胞亚群的抑制。中西医结合治疗的１６例息者ＯＫＴ＿４、ＯＫＴ＿８及ＯＫＴ＿４／ＯＫＴ＿８恢复正常水平。     

Ivermectin levels in human breastmilk

Summary Ivermectin levels were measured in breastmilk and plasma of 4 healthy mothers after an oral 150 g/kg dose. Mean ± S.D. plasma and milk values were 37.9±0.54 and 14.13±0.43 (ng/ml) respectively. Steady-state ivermectin levels in milk were low. Our results suggest that exclusion of lactating mothers from mass chemotherapy with ivermectin may be unnecessary.