关注和解释疗法在肿瘤内科自购药物治疗患者中的应用

目的:探讨关注和解释疗法在肿瘤内科自购药物治疗患者中的应用效果。方法:将2018年2月1日~2020年5月1日肿瘤内科自购药物的140例肿瘤患者作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组各70例,对照组给予用药前健康教育和常规护理干预,观察组在对照组基础上给予关注和解释疗法;比较两组干预前后心理弹性[采用心理弹性量表(CD-RISC)]、药物素养评分及护理满意度。结果:干预后,两组CD-RISC、药物素养评分均高于干预前(P<0.05),且观察组均高于对照组(P<0.01);观察组护理满意度高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:关注和解释疗法可有效提高肿瘤内科自购药物患者心理弹性和药物素养,使患者能够增加治疗信心,从而提高护理满意度。     

3D高清腹腔镜辅助治疗小儿腹股沟斜疝的可行性及注水疝气针在小儿腹股沟斜疝疝囊高位结扎术中的应用

目的探讨3D高清腹腔镜在小儿腹股沟斜疝治疗中应用的价值及注水疝气针行疝囊高位结扎的方法。方法将90例确诊腹股沟斜疝并接受疝囊高位结扎治疗的患儿随机分为对照组(普通腹腔镜治疗)和观察组(3D高清腹腔镜治疗)各45例。比较两组手术指标、并发症与复发情况的差异。结果观察组的术中诊断用时与手术用时短于对照组,住院费用高于对照组(P<0.05);两组住院用时、并发症发生率、疾病复发率比较无差异(P>0.05)。结论 3D高清腹腔镜辅助治疗小儿腹股沟斜疝,可有效缩短手术用时,降低并发症;手术治疗费用高于普通腹腔镜,患儿家庭可视具体情况灵活选择微创治疗方案。     

常规疗法基础上加用温针灸与血府逐瘀汤治疗冠心痛心绞痛的疗效观察

目的 分析在常规疗法基础上加以温针灸和血府逐瘀汤对冠心病心绞痛的疗效。方法 选取冠心病心绞痛患者80例，随机分成对照组(予以常规治疗)和观察组(在对照组基础上加以温针灸和血府逐瘀汤),各40例。比较两组治疗效果及对心功能的影响。结果 观察组治疗有效率高于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后，观察组BNP、LVEF、LVEDD水平和心绞痛发作频率低于对照组，LVESD水平高于对照组，心绞痛持续时间短于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 在常规疗法基础上加以温针灸和血府逐瘀汤对冠心病心绞痛疗效确切，能改善患者的心功能，减少其心绞痛发作，缩短其心绞痛发作持续时间，降低其BNP水平，值得推广。     

经鼻高流量氧气湿化治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重合并呼吸衰竭的可行性研究

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of transnasal heated humidified high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) with respiratory failure in elderly patients. MethodsA total of 176 elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with respiratory failure who were hospitalized at Peking University Shougang Hospital from December 2016 to January 2022 were enrolled, including 82 patients in an HFNC group and 94 patients in an NPPV group. After treatment, pulse oxygen saturation (SPO₂), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂), oxygenation index (OI), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), comfort score, discharge rate, rate of endotracheal intubation, rate of transfer to intensive care unit (ICU), and mortality were compared between the two groups. The independent sample t-test was used for comparison between the two groups. Statistical data are expressed in percentage or number of cases and the χ² test was used for their comparisons. ResultsThe SPO₂ values at 30 min, 1 h, and 6 h were significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.049,-2.618, and -3.314, P=0.043, 0.010, and 0.001, respectively). SPO₂ before discharge was significantly lower than that of the NPPV group (t=2.162, P=0.033), but OI at each time point and before discharge had no statistical significance (P＞0.05). MAP at 6 h was significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.209, P=0.029), but within the normal range. HRs at 2 h and 3 h in the HFNC group were significantly higher than those of the NPPV group (t=-2.199 and -2.336, P=0.030 and 0.021, respectively). There were no significant differences in RR, HR, or MAP between the two groups at other time points and before discharge (P＞0.05). There was no significant difference in PaCO2 between the two groups (P＞0.05). Comfort score in the HFNC group was significantly higher than that of the NPPV group (t=-46.807, P＜0.001). There were no significant differences in discharge rate, ICU transfer rate, endotracheal intubation rate, and mortality between the two groups (P＞0.05). ConclusionHFNC is as effective as NPPV in treating elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with type Ⅰ or mild type Ⅱ respiratory failure, and HFNC is more comfortable than NPPV.     

神经内分泌肿瘤非手术治疗研究进展

近30年来, 神经内分泌肿瘤的发病率快速增长近6倍, 且由于患者生存期相对较长, 导致患病人数激增, 给患者、家庭及社会带来极大的负担。而对于神经内分泌肿瘤的诊疗规范在近10年才逐步受到重视, 临床对其认识仍存在严重不足, 药物治疗效果仍不理想, 因此, 本文主要对分化好的神经内分泌瘤的生物治疗、靶向治疗、核素治疗以及低分化的神经内分泌癌的化疗的临床研究做一综述, 希望对该类患者的规范化治疗提供一定的临床指导。     

2例先天性无痛无汗症合并肘部骨折患儿的护理

总结2例先天性无痛无汗症合并肘部骨折患儿的护理。术前做好安全护理,避免意外发生；同时给予患肢管理,避免骨筋膜室综合征等并发症的发生；做好术前常规准备。术后做好常规护理，在饮食、患肢、静脉输液、石膏、伤口、体温等方面给予个性化护理,在专业的康复师指导下进行功能锻炼，并给予出院指导。2例患者均好转出院。     

原发性免疫缺陷病和脊髓性肌萎缩症临床特点及新生儿早期联合筛查实践

原发性免疫缺陷病(PID)及脊髓性肌萎缩症(SMA)均是由基因突变引起的能严重影响儿童健康甚至导致死亡的遗传性出生缺陷,早期发现和及时诊断治疗是影响预后的关键,新生儿筛查是目前实现早期诊断和干预的有效手段。近年来部分国家和地区已将SMA和PID中最为严重的重症联合免疫缺陷病(SCID)和最常见的B细胞缺乏症X连锁无丙种球蛋白血症(XLA)纳入新生儿筛查范围。浙江省在国内首次开展对SCID、XLA和SMA三种遗传性疾病的新生儿早期联合筛查实践,极大地提高了筛查效率,使出生缺陷三级预防关口前移,有助于显著改善患者的预后、提高生活质量、降低死亡率。     

开放气道式卧位在无创通气治疗呼吸衰竭中的应用

目的探讨开放气道式卧位在无创机械通气治疗呼吸衰竭患者中的应用效果。方法选取2018年6月1日—2019年5月31日本院重症医学科收治的113例应用无创呼吸机进行正压通气的呼吸衰竭患者作为研究对象,按入院先后次序交替分为常规组(57例)和实验组(56例),常规组给予常规无创通气护理,实验组在常规无创通气护理的基础上予肩颈下置弧型小枕的开放气道式卧位;观察并比较干预前后两组患者通气效果(血氧饱和度、血氧分压、二氧化碳分压、血pH、吸入潮气量、呼出潮气量、漏气量、气道峰压)、耐受及不良反应情况(平均睡眠时间、插管率、压疮及压痕发生率、胃肠胀气发生率、主观舒适度)、责任护士的工作量。结果干预后,两组通气效果各项指标均较干预前有一定程度改善,并且除血氧饱和度、氧分压之外,实验组的改善效果优于常规组(P<0.05);实验组平均睡眠时间高于常规组,且有创通气率及胃肠胀气发生率均低于常规组(P<0.05);实验组责任护士工作量较常规组少(P<0.05)。结论应用弧型小枕置患者肩颈下的开放气道式卧位能显著改善患者的通气效果,延长患者的睡眠时间,减少不良反应,降低护士的工作量。