精准胆道外科手术治疗胆囊癌的近远期疗效研究

目的 研究精准胆道外科手术治疗胆囊癌的近远期疗效。方法 前瞻性分析陆军特色医学中心 2014年2月至2017年2月收治的胆囊癌患者104例,采用随机数字法将其分为对照组和观察组,每组52例。对照组接受胆囊癌传统经验式外科手术,观察组接受精准胆道外科理论引导下手术。比较两组患者的手术效果、术后恢复指标、并发症发生率。术后随访3 年,比较两组患者的1 年、2 年及3 年生存率,并绘制 Kaplan-Meier生存曲线。结果 观察组较对照组淋巴结清扫数目[（23.48±7.20） vs（ 15.86±5.93）,t=16.64, P＜0.001]和阳性淋巴结数目[（9.94±3.50） vs（ 5.27±4.39）,t=7.51,P＜0.001]更高,R0切除率（76.92% vs 36.54%,χ2=16.37,P＜0.001）、胆囊癌扩大根治术率（34.62% vs 11.54%,χ2=5.13,P=0.02）及联合胰十二指肠切除术率（17.31% vs 3.85%,χ2=4.98,P=0.02）更高,术后排气时间[（1.05±0.38）d vs（ 1.93±0.46）d, t=5.39,P＜0.001]和首次下床活动时间[（2.85±1.16）d vs（ 6.26±1.92）d,t=7.88,P＜0.001]均明显更早;并发症发生率（23.08% vs 30.77%,χ2=0.78,P=0.38）无统计学差异。观察组术后1 年（61.54% vs 40.38%, χ2=4.66,P=0.03）、2年（44.23% vs 19.23%,χ2=7.50,P＜0.001）及3年（26.92% vs 7.69%,χ2=6.72,P＜0.001）生存率比对照组高,中位生存时间[（17.37±8.64）个月 vs（ 8.95±4.59）个月,t=14.96,P＜0.001]更长。结论 精准胆道外科手术有助于胆囊癌患者选取最佳术式,提高手术切除质量和R0切除率,并能有效控制手术并发症,从而延长患者术后生存期。     

剑突下微切口二孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术的临床应用体会

目的 探讨剑突下3 mm鞘管（微切口）二孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术的应用体会。方法 回顾性分析2018年6月至2019年5月在宁夏医科大学附属吴忠市人民医院和宁夏回族自治区人民医院实施剑突下微切口（4 mm）,配合右侧腋前线肋缘下针式组合式显露器进行二孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术的36例患者临床资料。结果 36例中除1例改为三孔法外,其余35例均顺利完成手术,成功率97.2%。手术时间（38.2±10.5）min,术后平均住院时间2.3 d,所有患者术后均无出血、胆漏、胆道损伤等并发症的发生。总体住院费用低于三孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术。结论 剑突下微切口二孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术,术中显露满意,操作方便易学,术后外观几乎等同于单孔腹腔镜效果,此术式符合微创美观、操作简便、经济实用、安全可靠的原则,值得进一步推广。     

Percutaneous gallbladder drainage as a bridge to concomitant coronary artery bypass grafting and laparoscopic cholecystectomy

A 74-year-old woman with left main and three-vessel coronary artery disease was scheduled for off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting and developed acute severe cholecystitis preoperatively. Percutaneous gallbladder drainage was placed to achieve gallbladder decompression and infection control. Two weeks later, CABG and laparoscopic cholecystectomy were successfully performed at the same time.     

不同手术方式治疗早期胆囊癌患者的临床疗效及远期生存分析

目的探究不同手术方法治疗早期胆囊癌患者的临床疗效及5年生存率的影响。方法选取2011年1月至2014年2月收治的早期胆囊癌患者84例为实验对象,依据随机数字表法,将入选患者分为两组,每组各42例,其中开腹组行胆囊根治术治疗,腔镜组行腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗。数据采取SPSS22.0统计软件分析。其中,凝血功能指标[凝血酶原时间(PT)、凝血酶时间(TT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)及血浆D-二聚体水平]以(±s)表示,采用t检验;并发症发生率用χ^2检验;采用Kaplan-Meier对两组患者的5年生存率进行分析;P<0.05差异有统计学意义。结果腔镜组患者的PT、TT、APTT显著低于开腹组,D-二聚体显著高于开腹组(P<0.05);腔镜组患者的总并发症发生率为16.7%,显著低于开腹组的42.9%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组5年生存率及复发率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论两种术式治疗早期胆囊癌均有较理想的疗效,腹腔镜胆囊切除术可显著减少并发症。     

基于3D-ResNet深度影像特征的胆囊癌生存预测模型

建立一个精准的个体化胆囊癌患者生存预测模型,分析、寻找新的胆囊癌预后因素,对于患者预后评估、治疗模式选择、手术患者筛选、术后辅助治疗方案确定及医疗资源合理使用均具有重要意义。本文提出一种基于3D-ResNet提取深度影像特征建立胆囊癌患者生存预后模型的方法,通过迁移学习以及训练3D-ResNet自动提取患者CT的深度特征,并利用提取的深度影像特征,通过Cox比例风险回归模型建立胆囊癌患者的生存预测模型。实验结果表明,基于深度影像特征建立的胆囊癌患者预后因子在预测患者生存时的C指数达到0.734,利用深度影像特征预后因子预测患者的1、3、5年存活率AUC分别达到0.833、0.791、0.813。本方法对胆囊癌预后预测有着良好的指示作用。     

经皮肝胆囊穿刺引流联合腹腔镜胆囊切除治疗急性化脓性胆囊炎

【摘要】 目的 探讨经皮肝胆囊穿刺引流联合腹腔镜胆囊切除治疗急性化脓性胆囊炎的疗效。方法 回顾性分析我院及佛山市第一人民医院2009年1月至2012年12月82例急性化脓性胆囊炎先行经皮肝胆囊穿刺引流,1个月后再行腹腔镜胆囊切除术的临床资料。结果 82例患者均成功接受经皮肝胆囊穿刺引流,患者穿刺术后2~4 h腹痛明显缓解,术后2至3天体温降至正常。1例术后出现胆道大出血,经急诊肝动脉栓塞止血。全部患者于术后一个月行二期腹腔镜胆囊切除术,其中2例中转开腹(2.4%),术后无胆汁漏及胆管损伤等严重并发症发生。 结论 急性化脓性胆囊炎经皮肝胆囊穿刺引流可迅速缓解症状,术后1个月再实施腹腔镜胆囊切除术是安全、可行的,中转开腹率低,手术并发症少。     

Gallbladder aspiration for acute cholecystitis in average-surgical-risk patients

We conducted a retrospective case note review to assess whether or not gallbladder aspiration can be applied as a temporary measure for the treatment of acute cholecystitis in average-surgical-risk patients. Gallbladder aspiration was performed in 79 consecutive average-surgical-risk patients with acute cholecystitis, who had no indications of emergent surgery and who complained of severe colicky pain. Elective surgery became possible in 92% of patients by gallbladder aspiration. The percentage reached 97 when percutaneous cholecystostomy was added (four patients). Emergent surgery was needed in one patient suffering bile leakage following gallbladder aspiration. Colicky pain was controlled soon after the procedure in most cases. Neither major complications nor mortalities were observed in the following surgical therapies. It is suggested that gallbladder aspiration might be applied as a temporary measure for acute cholecystitis in average-surgical-risk patients, although early surgery should remain the primary choice of therapy in such patients.     

Endoscopic sonographic evaluation of the thickened gallbladder wall in patients with acute hepatitis

PURPOSE: Thickening of the gallbladder wall is often observed during abdominal sonographic examination in patients with acute hepatitis. However, there is rarely an opportunity for a histopathologic analysis of these structural changes. Endoscopic sonography (EUS) can accurately delineate the structure of the gallbladder wall and therefore may be useful for visualizing changes in the gallbladder wall in patients with acute hepatitis. Hence, we prospectively studied the ability of EUS to detect specific structural changes in the gallbladder wall in patients with acute hepatitis and examined the effect of high elevation of serum liver enzyme levels on the gallbladder wall. METHODS: A study group of patients diagnosed with acute hepatitis who had gallbladder wall thickening and a control group of patients without acute hepatitis or gallbladder disease underwent EUS between May 1, 1999, and June 1, 2002. EUS was used to measure the thickness of the gallbladder wall and to visualize each of its layers. Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels of the patients with acute hepatitis were measured at the time of the EUS examination. Statistically significant differences were determined using an independent t test and the chi-squared test. A p value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The acute hepatitis group comprised 28 men and 24 women with a mean age of 40.8 years. The control group comprised 25 men and 25 women with a mean age of 45.1 years. The mean gallbladder wall thickness +/- standard deviation in the acute hepatitis group (6.3 +/- 2.6 mm) was significantly greater than that in the control group (1.6 +/- 0.4 mm; p < 0.01). The mean thickness of the gallbladder wall for patients in whom both the AST and the ALT levels were 500 U/l or higher (7.0 +/- 2.6 mm) was significantly greater than that for patients with levels below 500 U/l (5.4 +/- 2.3 mm; p < 0.05). In the acute hepatitis group, EUS showed thickened, well-defined muscular and serosal layers of the gallbladder wall in 24 of the patients and a diffusely thickened gallbladder wall, in which each layer was ill defined, in the other 28 patients. The mean thickness of the gallbladder wall for patients with the pattern of ill-defined layers was significantly greater than that for the patients with the pattern of well-defined layers (p < 0.05). The pattern of ill-defined layers was more common among patients in whom the serum AST and ALT levels were at least 500 U/l than among patients with levels below 500 U/l (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: We propose that gallbladder wall thickening in patients with acute hepatitis is associated with prominent changes in the muscular and serosal layers. Patients with highly elevated serum liver enzyme levels are more likely to have gallbladder wall thickening and disruption of planes between the muscular and serosal layers than are patients with normal liver enzyme levels.     

Effect of rectal distension on gallbladder emptying and circulating gut hormones

BACKGROUND: Abnormalities of upper gut motility, including a delay of gastric emptying and small bowel transit, found in patients with constipation may be secondary to factors originating in the colon or rectum as a result of faecal stasis. The aim was to determine if stimulation of mechanosensory function by rectal distension affects postprandial gallbladder emptying and release of gastrointestinal peptides participating in control of upper gut motility. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eight healthy volunteers were studied with an electronic barostat and a plastic bag positioned in the rectum. Intrabag pressure was maintained at minimal distension pressure + 2 mmHg on one occasion and on a pressure that induced a sensation of urge on the other. Gallbladder volume and plasma concentrations of cholecystokinin (CCK), pancreatic polypeptide (PP) and peptide YY (PYY) were measured before and after ingestion of a 450-kcal mixed liquid meal. RESULTS: Rectal distension enhanced maximum gallbladder emptying from 66 +/- 7% to 78 +/- 5% (P < 0.05). Distension tended to increase integrated plasma PYY from 77 +/- 30 pM min to 128 +/- 40 pM min in the first hour after the meal (P = 0.08) and it suppressed integrated plasma PP from 1133 +/- 248 pM min to 269 +/- 284 pM min in the second hour (P < 0.05). Integrated plasma CCK concentrations were not significantly affected. CONCLUSION: Mechanosensory stimulation of the rectum enhances postprandial gallbladder emptying and influences postprandial release of gut hormones involved in the regulation of gastrointestinal motility in healthy subjects. These mechanisms may play a role in the pathogenesis of the upper gastrointestinal motor abnormalities observed in constipated patients.     

Left-Sided Gallbladder Discovered During Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in a Patient with Dextrocardia

Left-sided gallbladder, a rare congenital anomaly, is often associated with transposition of single or multiple viscera of thorax and/or abdomen. Clinical features and routine presurgical ultrasonography could miss the anomalous position thereby producing unnecessary anxiety during surgery. Here we are reporting a patient with left-sided gallbladder, known to have dextrocardia with multiple intracardiac anomalies, and detected incidentally in a series of 1258 consecutive laparoscopic cholecystectomies. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed successfully in this patient with port site modification and careful dissection. Some degree of abdominal visceral situs inversus is to be anticipated in patients with dextrocardia