TACE联合125I放射性粒子植入治疗肝细胞癌门静脉癌栓

目的：探讨TACE联合125I放射性粒子植入治疗肝细胞癌（HCC）门静脉癌栓（PVTT）的方法及疗效。方法纳入TACE联合CT引导下植入125I放射性粒子治疗的HCC合并PVTT患者48例。根据PVTT部位,分为门静脉主干癌栓（A型）、门静脉一级分支癌栓（B型）和门静脉二级及以下分支癌栓（C型）。根据粒子是否植入到PVTT内,分为癌栓内直接植入法（癌栓内部植入组）和癌栓周围植入法（其粒子植入到癌栓周围1．7 cm内的肝实质或肿瘤内,癌栓周围植入组）。比较不同类型PVTT及不同植入方法的癌栓控制率（DCR）、癌栓进展时间（TTP）及患者总生存率（OS）。结果48例患者均成功进行TACE及粒子植入治疗。A、B、C型PVTT患者,中位OS（mOS）分别为8、11．5和15个月,组间差异有统计学意义（P=0．003）;癌栓DCR分别为61．5%、70．8%和72．7%（P=0．548）,肝内肿瘤DCR分别为69．2%、75．0%和81．8%（P=0．483）;癌栓中位TTP分别为4．5、8和11个月（P=0．030）,肝内肿瘤中位TTP分别为5、9和9．5个月。癌栓内部植入组和癌栓周围植入组的mOS分别为10和11．5个月（P=0．239）;癌栓DCR分别为69．2%、68．2%（P=0．591）,肝内肿瘤DCR分别为73．1%和77．3%（P=0．502）;癌栓中位TTP分别为7和10个月（P=0．276）,肝内肿瘤中位TTP分别为8和9．5个月（P=0．089）。结论 TACE联合125I放射性粒子植入治疗HCC伴PVTT,可有效控制PVTT和肝内肿瘤进展,延长患者生存期;癌栓内直接植入法和癌栓周围植入法,对PVTT的疗效无影响。     

Individualized 3D-printed templates for high-dose-rate interstitial multicathether brachytherapy in patients with breast cancer

Purpose

High-dose-rate, multicatheter interstitial brachytherapy is technically complex and operator-dependent, requiring lengthy training and specialized skills. Furthermore, until the advent of contouring on computerized tomography (CT) images, difficulties existed in locating the target volume precisely. The present article reports the results of a study that aimed at producing and validating a 3D-printed template to aid in target volume localization for multicatheter interstitial brachytherapy in patients with breast cancer.

A phase IB clinical trial of 15 Gy HDR brachytherapy followed by hypofractionated/SBRT in the management of intermediate-risk prostate cancer

PurposeHigh dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy is commonly administered as a boost to external beam radiation therapy (EBRT). Our purpose was to compare toxicity with increasingly hypofractionated EBRT in combination with a single 15 Gy HDR boost for men with intermediate-risk prostate cancer.Methods and MaterialsForty-two men were enrolled on this phase IB clinical trial to one of three EBRT dose cohorts: 10 fractions, seven fractions, or five fractions. Patients were followed prospectively for safety, efficacy, and health-related quality of life (Expanded Prostate Index Composite). Efficacy was assessed biochemically using the Phoenix definition.ResultsWith a median follow up of 36 months, the biochemical disease-free survival was 95.5%. One man developed metastatic disease at 5 years. There was no significant minimally important difference in EPIC PRO for either urinary, bowel, or sexual domains. There was one acute Grade 3 GI and GU toxicity, but no late Grade 3 GU or GI toxicities.ConclusionFifteen gray HDR brachytherapy followed by a five fraction SBRT approach results in high disease control rates and low toxicity similar to previously reported HDR protocols with significant improvement in patient convenience and resource savings. While mature results with longer follow up are awaited, this treatment approach may be considered a safe and effective option for men with intermediate-risk disease.     

局部进展期非手术直肠癌外照射联合近距离治疗结果初步观察

目的 探讨外照射联合近距离放疗在治疗局部进展期非手术直肠癌患者的疗效和不良反应。方法 回顾分析2013-2015年间局部进展期非手术直肠癌患者11例临床资料,其中男7例、女4例。患者均接受盆腔外照射联合三维腔内近距离放疗,完成盆腔外照射放疗(D_T50Gy分25次)后,行近距离推量D_T15~20Gy分3~4次。盆腔转移淋巴结采用外照射推量至60~66Gy分30~33次。外照射期间均行同期卡培他滨单药化疗。放疗后采用RECIST标准进行疗效评价。应用Kaplan-Meier法计算生存和局控率。采用RTOG损伤分级标准评估早、晚期放疗反应。结果 11例患者高剂量率三维腔内近距离治疗近距离中CTV D90%的EQD2 Gy为(21.3±1.60) Gy。原发灶完全缓解率为64%,部分缓解率为27%,客观缓解率为91%。中位随访时间36个月,1、2、3年总生存率分别为 82%、64%、46%,无瘤生存率为64%、45%、27%;3年局部额控制率为46%。1例患者治疗结束后第8个月肺部转移。1-2级肠道急性不良反应7例,泌尿系统急性不良反应5例;2级骨髓抑制反应1例;1-2级肠道晚期不良反应5例,泌尿系统晚期不良反应1例;均给予对症处理后好转。结论 外照射联合三维腔内近距离治疗在局部进展期不可手术的直肠癌患者中,疗效可靠且不良反应可耐受,是一种可行的、安全有效的直肠癌根治性治疗方案。     

后装腔内插植放疗与三维后装腔内放疗治疗局部晚期宫颈癌的疗效与剂量学比较

目的探讨后装腔内插植放疗与三维后装腔内放疗治疗局部晚期宫颈癌的疗效与剂量学差异。方法将212例局部晚期宫颈癌患者,按照治疗方法的不同分为A组(106例)和B组(106例)。在体外三维适形调强放疗的基础上,A组采用后装腔内插植放疗,B组采用三维后装腔内放疗。对比两组近期疗效、并发症发生率以及剂量学差异。结果B组患者高危临床靶区D100、D90和中危临床靶区D100、D90均明显低于A组,膀胱、直肠、乙状结肠的D2cm3均明显高于A组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.01)。A组患者总有效率明显高于B组,放射性直肠炎、放射性膀胱炎发生率均明显低于B组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.01)。结论后装腔内插植放疗能够在提升肿瘤组织受照剂量的同时,降低危及器官的受照剂量,提升近期缓解率、控制率,减少不良反应。     

Contact X-ray brachytherapy for rectal cancer: Past,present, and future

The Papillon experience and the Lyon R96-02 trial have shown that contact X-ray brachytherapy of 50 kV is efficient and safe to achieve long term local control and organ preservation for cT1 and early cT2-3 rectal cancers. The OPERA trial, using the Papillon 50™ machine, brings further support to this preservation strategy for selected T2T3ab lesions. Future trials using a contact X-ray boost will try to consolidate and enlarge its place in organ preservation for rectal cancers.     

Yttrium-90 Radioembolization to the Prostate Gland: Proof of Concept in a Canine Model and Clinical Translation

PurposeTo investigate the feasibility, safety, and absorbed-dose distribution of prostatic artery radioembolization (RE) in a canine model.Materials and MethodsFourteen male castrated beagles received dihydroandrosterone/estradiol to induce prostatic hyperplasia for the duration of the study. Each dog underwent fluoroscopic prostatic artery catheterization. Yttrium-90 (⁹⁰Y) microspheres (TheraSphere; Boston Scientific, Marlborough, Massachusetts) were delivered to 1 prostatic hemigland (dose escalation from 60 to 200 Gy), with the contralateral side serving as a control. Assessments for adverse events were performed throughout the follow-up (Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v5.0). Positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance (MR) imaging provided a confirmation after the delivery of absorbed-dose distribution. MR imaging was performed before and 3, 20, and 40 days after RE. Tissue harvest of the prostate, rectum, bladder, urethra, penis, and neurovascular bundles was performed 60 days after RE.ResultsAll the animals successfully underwent RE. Positron emission tomography/MR imaging demonstrated localization to and good coverage of only the treated hemigland. No adverse events occurred. The MR imaging showed a significant dose-dependent decrease in the treated hemigland size at 40 days (25%–60%, P < .001). No extraprostatic radiographic changes were observed. Necropsy demonstrated no gross rectal, urethral, penile, or bladder changes. Histology revealed RE-induced changes in the treated prostatic tissues of the highest dose group, with gland atrophy and focal necrosis. No extraprostatic RE-related histologic findings were observed.ConclusionsProstate ⁹⁰Y RE is safe and feasible in a canine model and leads to focal dose-dependent changes in the gland without inducing unwanted extraprostatic effects. These results suggest that an investigation of nonoperative prostate cancer is warranted.