2007-2012年北京市流感样病例和流感病原学监测

目的 阐明2007-2012年北京市流行性感冒(流感)流行特征和病原学监测结果.方法 使用“北京市医疗机构传染病监测预警系统”中二级以上医院流感样病例数和百分比的周数据以及流感病原学监测周数据,分析流感样病例发病趋势和流感病毒构成情况.结果 2007-2012年,北京市二级以上医院共监测流感样病例3,045,527例,其中流感样病例百分比2.11％.期间共检测标本49,868件,检出阳性标本8,289件,其中甲型H1N1亚型573件(6.91％)、甲型H3N2亚型2,578件(31.10％)、甲型H1N1流感2,021件(24.38％)、B型Victoria系945件(11.40％)、B型Yamagada系681件(8.22％).各年度流感病毒亚型构成不同:2007-2008年度主要为B型Yamagada系(60.36％)和甲型H3N2亚型(23.68％),2008-2009年度为甲型H1N1亚型(78.63％),2009-2010年度为甲型H1N1流感(40.28％)和甲型H3N2亚型(20.29％),2010-2011年度为甲型H3N2亚型(64.34％)和甲型H1N1流感(23.44％),2011-2012年度为B型Victoria系(57.28％)、B型Yamagada系(20.80％)和甲型H3N2亚型(18.66％),2012-2013年度为甲型H3N2亚型(77.40％)和甲型H1N1流感(20.36％).结论 近年来,甲型H1N1亚型、甲型H3N2亚型、甲型H1N1流感、B型Victoria系和B型Yamagada系均有流行,且各年度优势毒株不一.     

Prevalence,correlates, and comorbidities of four DSM-IV specific phobia subtypes: Results from the Korean Epidemiological Catchment Area study

Although several studies have detected differences in clinical features among specific phobias, there is a shortage of detailed national data on the on the DSM-IV SP subtypes, particularly in the Asian population. To examine the prevalence, demographic and other correlates, and co-morbidities of DSM-IV SP subtypes in a nationwide sample of Korean adults. We recruited 6510 participants aged 18–64 years for this study. Lay interviewers used the Composite International Diagnostic Interview to assess participants. We analyzed socio-demographics, health-related correlates and frequencies of comorbid mental disorders among participants with SP and each subtypes compared to unaffected adults. The prevalence of lifetime DSM-IV SP was 3.8%, and animal phobias were the most prevalent type of SP. Blood–injection–injury phobia was negatively associated with education, whereas situational phobia was positively associated with education. The strongest mental disorder comorbidity was associated with situational phobia; there is a higher probability of comorbid mood (OR=5.73, 95% CI=2.09–15.73), anxiety (OR=7.54, 95% CI=2.34–24.28), and somatoform disorders (OR=7.61, 95% CI=1.64–35.22) with this subtype. Blood–injection–injury phobia was highly associated with alcohol dependence (OR=9.02, 95% CI=3.54–23.02). Specific phobias are heterogeneous with respect to socio-demographic characteristics and comorbidity pattern. Implications of the usefulness of current subtype categories should continue to be investigated.     

Molecular determinants of HIV-1 intersubtype recombination potential

Sequence differences in the dimerization initiation signal (DIS) affect the rate of recombination between subtype B and subtype C HIV-1. To test the hypothesis that DIS sequences can be used to predict intersubtype recombination potentials, we measured the recombination rate between CRF01_A/E (AE) and B, which contain mismatches in the DIS, and between AE and C, which have an identical DIS. Compared with the intrasubtype recombination rate, the recombination rate between AE and subtype B virus was 9-fold lower, and the rate between AE and subtype C virus was 2-fold lower. Thus, DIS sequences can be used to predict the recombination potential between HIV-1 subtypes. Further analyses revealed that the 2-fold lower recombination rate between AE and C viruses can be restored to the intrasubtype recombination rate by matching a part of the LTR and a portion of the viral genome. Therefore, the lower intersubtype recombination rate between AE and C is not caused by a given region but is a cumulative effect by more than one region.     

TMPRSS2-ERG Fusions Are Strongly Linked to Young Patient Age in Low-grade Prostate Cancer

Based on next-generation sequencing of early-onset prostate cancer (PCa), we earlier demonstrated that PCa in young patients is prone to rearrangements involving androgen-regulated genes—such as transmembrane protease, serine 2 (TMPRSS2)–v-ets avian erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog (ERG) fusion—and provided data suggesting that this situation might be caused by increased androgen signaling in younger men. In the same study, an accumulation of chromosomal deletions was found in cancers of elderly patients. To determine how age-dependent molecular features relate to cancer phenotype, an existing data set of 11 152 PCas was expanded by additional fluorescence in situ hybridization analyses of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), 6q15 and 5q21. The results demonstrate that the decrease in TMPRSS2–ERG fusions with increasing patient age is limited to low-grade cancers (Gleason ≤3 + 4) and that the significant increase in the deletion frequency with age was strictly limited to ERG-negative cancers for 6q15 and 5q21 but to ERG-positive cancers for PTEN. These data suggest that the accumulation of non–androgen-linked genomic alterations with advanced patient age may require an appropriate microenvironment, such as a positive or negative ERG status. The strong link of ERG activation to young patient age and low-grade cancers may help to explain a slight predominance of low-grade cancers in young patients.     

2013年北京市中心城区流感病原学特征

目的了解北京市中心城区流感病原学特征,为流感防治提供依据。方法采集北京市两家国家级流感监测哨点医院全年流感样病例(ILI)咽拭子标本,对北京市中心城区的病例标本进行分析,采用狗肾传代细胞(MDCK)进行流感病毒分离,采用血凝抑制试验(HI)进行型别鉴定。结果全年共检测北京市中心城区ILI咽拭子标本1 968件,分离到流感病毒162株,分离阳性率为8.2%,经分离鉴定,其中新甲型H1N1亚型96株,A(H3N2)亚型60株,B/Y亚型6株,分别占总株数的59.3%、37.0%和3.7%。结论 2013年1~2月为北京市中心城区流感发病高峰,流行株为新甲型H1N1亚型和A(H3N2)亚型,流感在5岁年龄均有分布且存在性别差异。     

Occurrence of respiratory syncytial virus subtypes in hospitalized children in Cleveland, Ohio from 1985 to 1988.

In order to determine the frequency of occurrence of the two respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) subtypes in hospitalized children in Cleveland, Ohio, we analyzed clinical isolates obtained during three consecutive winter epidemic seasons between 1985 and 1988. RSV was recovered from the frozen clinical specimens of 197 patients: 176 subtype A, and 21 subtype B. Subtype A predominated during all three epidemic seasons, ranging from 83 to 94% of isolates. We surveyed the clinical records of 16 children with subtype B, and 101 children with subtype A infections, hospitalized at the University Hospitals of Cleveland during these winter epidemics and found no differences in age, sex, race, or clinical spectrum of severity of disease caused by the two subtypes. In contrast to previously reported data, subtype A predominated in each of the winter seasons studied within this community. We conclude that both subtypes circulate concurrently within the community during the winter. In hospitalized children both subtypes appear to cause a similar spectrum of disease. Both the concurrent circulation of RSV subtypes and the similar spectrum of illness pose for important considerations in the development of effective vaccines against this common respiratory agent in children.     

福建省HIV-1 新近感染者流行毒株基因亚型及其流行特征分析

目的 了解福建省HIV-1 新近感染者流行毒株的亚型分布和流行特征。方法 随机抽取福建省2011－2012 年使用BED捕获酶免疫试验检出的104 例新近感染者血样标本,采用反转录巢式PCR扩增,gag、pol 和env 基因片段,并测定和分析核酸序列。结果 目标人群中存在B亚型和01_AE、07_BC、08_BC、55_01B 四种流行重组型,其中以01_AE 和07_BC 流行重组型为主,分别占45.68%和35.80%。基因亚型的流行特征分析显示,亚型分布中01_AE 所占比例下降,07_BC 所占比例上升;性传播是主要感染途径,其中同性传播比例明显上升。结论 福建省HIV-1 流行毒株亚型分布众多,随着时间推移,亚型构成和传播途径已发生改变,应加强对HIV-1感染的分子流行病学趋势动态监测。     

Adaptive behavior profiles in young children with autism spectrum disorder diagnosed under DSM-5 criteria

BackgroundThis study explored adaptive behavior profiles in a clinical sample of well-characterized children aged one to three years with ASD.MethodProfiles were compared to a sample of children with non-ASD developmental delays. Cluster analyses were performed to determine whether differences in adaptive skills effectively distinguished children with ASD from other young children presenting for assessment due to behavioral or other concerns, but who received other non-ASD diagnoses.ResultsA profile of motor > daily living > socialization > communication skills was found in both children with ASD and children with non-spectrum diagnoses, showing that this profile is not unique to young children with ASD. A two-group cluster solution was found which differentiated children by developmental functioning level rather than by diagnosis.DiscussionThe results of this study provide support for two developmental profiles for adaptive functioning in children with ASD: an average to borderline delayed profile and a borderline to more severely delayed profile that may remain stable or worsen over time. They additionally highlight the importance of delivering early targeted interventions to children with ASD who have greater deficits in adaptive functioning due to their association with poorer long-term outcomes.     

A panel of 16 full-length HCV genomes was characterized in China belonging to genotypes 1–6 including subtype 2f and two novel genotype 6 variants

In this study, we characterized the full-length genomes of 16 HCV isolates obtained from patients in a single hospital in China using overlapping PCR followed by DNA sequencing. The obtained genomes are 9414–9628 nucleotides in length, and each genome contains a single ORF of 9021–9102 nucleotides. Nine genomes represent the common subtypes 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, and 6a, while seven represent the infrequent lineages 1c, 2f, 4d, and 5a, and two novel genotype 6 variants. GZ51969 and GZ52540 are subtype 1b isolates belonging to two unique clusters designated A and B, which account for 29.5% and 59.5% of the 1b infections in China, respectively. ZS542 and GZ98799 represent the first two complete genomes of the provisionally assigned subtype 2f. ZS96 and ZS202 are novel genotype 6 variants that may qualify for two new subtypes. ZS17, ZS537, and ZS631 represent three alien subtypes, namely, 1c, 4d, and 5a, which were detected in China for the first time in this study and may have been recently introduced as a result of globalization. Taken together, these results confirmed a large variety of HCV taxonomic lineages in China through the sequencing of their full-length genomes. These lineages represent six genotypes, 11 subtypes, and two novel variants. They were characterized for achieving a better understanding of the HCV genetic variation patterns and for possible future research applications.     

分层射频消融治疗脱垂型腰椎间盘突出症

目的观察分层射频消融治疗脱垂型腰椎间盘突出症的安全性及有效性。方法11例脱垂型腰椎间盘突出症患者,在C形臂X线机引导下行突出物的分层射频消融治疗,温度按“上台阶”方式依次设定为60℃、66℃、70℃、76℃,每次射频时间均为60 s。治疗后1～3个月随防,观测指标包括VAS、麻木、肌力、直腿抬高试验(<70°为阳性),并按改良Macnab标准评定治疗效果。结果9例患者VAS均即刻明显降低,直腿抬高试验较治疗前显著改善,3例有麻木症状的患者在治疗后也有不同程度的减轻,4例伴有运动障碍的患者亦明显改进。按改良Macnab标准评估,优6例,良3例,可1例,差1例,优良率81．8％。除治疗过程中患者述患肢温热感或轻微疼痛及治疗后短暂的腰部酸痛外,无其它不良反应发生。结论分层射频消融治疗脱垂型腰椎间盘突出症,操作简单,疗效确切,安全性好,是不愿接受手术的此种患者可供选择的微创治疗方法之一。