Trends in Induced Abortions in Greece: A Cross-sectional Study

Study ObjectiveTeenage pregnancies and associated induced abortions represent an important public health issue. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence, the time trends, and associated factors of teenage induced abortions in Greece.DesignA cross-sectional study was conducted between 2018 and 2019.SettingThird Academic Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki.ParticipantsAll pregnant women who underwent a second trimester anomaly scan were eligible for the study.Interventions and Main Outcome MeasuresEpidemiological characteristics were recorded and 5 age groups were created. Trends in the rates of teenage induced abortions were analyzed and we compared several parameters between women with and without history of abortions.ResultsOverall, 3370 women were eligible and agreed to participate in the study. The prevalence of women who reported a history of at least 1 abortion at 15-19 years was 9.7% (n = 328/3370). The abortion rates across the 5 age groups were: 20-24: 7.5%; 25-29: 8.4%; 30-34: 8.2%; 35-39: 12%; and 40 years and older: 13.9%. Moreover, a history of 1 or more teenage abortions was more common in multiparous women (58.2% vs 46.5%; P < .001; odds ratio, 1.605; 95% confidence interval, 1.274-2.022) and in current smokers (27.4% vs 11%; P < .001; odds ratio, 3.066; 95% confidence interval, 2.346-4.008).ConclusionA significant decline in the teenage induced abortion rates was identified in the study population. A history of teenage induced abortion was associated with smoking and multiparity. More efforts are needed to provide appropriate education on effective contraception and family planning.     

International note: Teen users' problematic online behavior: Using panel data from South Korea

The purpose of this study was to identify factors of teen users' problematic online behaviors using data from the Korea Youth Panel Survey (KYPS) collected over a four-year period. Problematic online behaviors included unauthorized ID use, disguising one's age or gender while chatting online, and cursing/insulting someone in a chat room or on a bulletin board. Results from the panel data analyses showed that many adolescents explored and discontinued engaging in online delinquency as they got older. Respondents' offline behaviors and self-control were significantly associated with problematic online behaviors, supporting the importance of internal traits. Peer effects were consistently more important than parental effects on teen's online delinquency. Increases in time spent using a computer also contributed to the likelihood of problematic online behaviors.     

Anxiety disorders in children and adolescents with intellectual disability: Prevalence and assessment

Children and adolescents with intellectual disability are known to experience mental health disorders, but anxiety disorders in this population have received relatively little attention. Firstly, this paper provides a review of published studies reporting prevalence rates of anxiety disorders in children and adolescents with intellectual disability. Secondly, the paper reviews measures of anxiety that have been evaluated in children/adolescents with intellectual disability, and details the associated psychometric properties. Seven studies reporting prevalence rates of anxiety disorders in this population were identified, with reported rates varying from 3% to 22%. Two-one studies evaluating a measure of anxiety in a sample of children/adolescents with intellectual disability were identified. While these studies indicate that several measures show promise, further evaluation studies are needed; particularly those that evaluate the capacity of measures to screen for anxiety disorders, not only measure symptoms.     

Quality of Pulmonary Function Tests in Participants with Down Syndrome

IntroductionPeople with Down syndrome (DS) have high respiratory morbidity, evaluating their respiratory health with standardized, objective tests is desirable. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the technical quality of Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs) to determine which ones are most suitable for this population.MethodsParticipants included children, teenagers and adults with DS, 5 years of age or older (n = 302). The technical quality of the impulse oscillometry system (IOS), forced spirometry, lung-diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DL_CO), and 6-min walk test (6MWT) were analyzed by age group. Capnography and pulse oximetry were included in the study. Technical quality was determined on the basis of current international PFTs standards.ResultsFifty-one percent of participants were males. A total of 184 participants (71%) who completed the IOS fulfilled the quality criteria, while 210 (70%) completed the 6MWT. Performance on forced spirometry and DL_CO was poor. All pulse oximetries and 96% percent heart rates obtained had good quality, but exhaled carbon dioxide (PetCO₂) and respiratory rate (RR) showed deficient repeatability.ConclusionsIOS appears to be the most reliable instrument for evaluating lung mechanics in individuals with DS.     

Meningococcal C vaccine coverage in France in infants,children, and adolescents

Objectives

Meningococcal C (MenC) vaccination was introduced in the French vaccination calendar in 2010 to reduce the incidence of invasive meningococcal C disease (IMD C), mainly through herd immunity. The Vaccinoscopie survey helps follow vaccination coverage rates (VCRs) of children.

The Course of Eating Disorders Involving Bingeing and Purging Among Adolescent Girls: Prevalence,Stability, and Transitions

Purpose

To quantify eating disorder (ED) stability and diagnostic transition among a community-based sample of adolescents and young adult females in the United States.

Hair hormones in male youth with internet gaming disorder

Objectives: Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is associated with altered physiological reactivity to psychosocial stress. Findings from a previous study on alterations of basal hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis functioning, indexed by differences in hair hormone levels (i.e., cortisol) in IGD patients compared to matched controls, were limited by a small sample size.

Methods: Following the protocol of the previous study, male patients with IGD (n?=?31) and controls (n?=?31) matched for age, educational status and smoking were recruited. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were assessed using structured interviews and self-reports. Hair samples were taken for the analysis of cortisol, cortisone, testosterone, progesterone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and corticosterone.

Results: Groups showed no significant differences on cortisol (d?=??0.10, 95%CI (?0.60; 0.40)), cortisone (d?=??0.10, 95%CI (?0.60; 0.40)), testosterone (d?=??0.00, 95%CI (?0.51; 0.51)), progesterone (d?=??0.46, 95%CI (?0.96; 0.05)), DHEA (d?=??0.04, 95%CI (?0.54; 0.47)) or corticosterone (d?=??0.19, 95%CI (?0.69; 0.32)). Associations between hair hormone concentrations, symptom severity and sociodemographic variables were weak and did not survive correction for multiple testing.

Conclusions: Unlike other psychiatric disorders, effects of IGD and associated psychopathology on basal HPA axis functioning, indexed by hair hormone levels, are negligible. Future studies need to rule out potential effects of sex, age and long-term pathology on these findings.     

Treatment of classical Hodgkin’s lymphoma in children and adolescents

Introduction: The treatment of classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) in children is a story of success. Nowadays, more than 90% of patients are cured and overall survival is nearly 100% at 5 years. Efforts have been made to avoid related effects of therapies; therefore, children are treated using different chemotherapy schemes in comparison with adults.

Areas covered: This review includes a view of the clinical classification and risk assessment in children suffering from HL. The chemotherapy more commonly employed is revisited. The use of PET/CT to evaluate the disease in order to guide therapy is analyzed. New options of chemotherapy and emerging immunotherapy are also included.

Expert opinion: In order to make the right treatment choice, a proper initial assessment of risk is mandatory. The choice of therapy in these kinds of patients must be done according to the experience of the team, and also, the cost and logistics related to the eligible scheme are very important. If possible, efforts must be made to include PET/CT in guiding therapy and avoiding overtreatment and long-term adverse effects in children. New options in immunotherapy are emerging and must be considered with caution in selected patients.     

有氧运动联合抗阻训练对男性肥胖青少年心血管危险因素的影响

目的 观察12周有氧运动联合抗阻训练对男性肥胖青少年心血管危险因素的影响。 方法 选取36例男性肥胖青少年（纳入肥胖组）以及36例年龄、性别相匹配的正常体重青少年（纳入对照组）作为研究对象。2组受试者均保持规律饮食习惯，肥胖组在此基础上进行12周有氧运动联合抗阻训练。于实验前、实验进行12周后分别检测2组受试者炎症因子、血脂、胰岛素敏感性、血管内皮功能以及身体成分等指标；并根据实验结束后内脏脂肪含量（VFM）变化值将肥胖组受试者进一步细分为VFM升高组和VFM降低组共2个亚组。 结果 实验前与对照组比较，发现肥胖组血清白细胞介素-1受体拮抗剂（IL-1Ra）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、瘦素、胰岛素（Ins）和胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IRI）、高敏C-反应蛋白（hs-CRP）及甘油三酯（TG）水平均明显升高（P<0.05），脂联素和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）均明显降低（P<0.05）。实验后与实验前比较，发现肥胖组受试者体重无显著变化（P>0.05），血清IL-1Ra、干扰素-γ-诱导蛋白10（IP-10）、Ins及HOMA-IRI均明显降低（P<0.05）。亚组分析结果显示，实验后VFM降低组TG及HOMA-IRI下调幅度均较VFM升高组显著，组间差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论 12周有氧运动联合抗阻训练能减轻肥胖男性青少年体内炎症反应及胰岛素抵抗水平；并以运动后VFM减少者其血脂水平及胰岛素敏感性改善幅度较显著。