Correlation between PEAK relational training system and one-word picture vocabulary tests

The past few decades of research in autism spectrum disorders have been successful in developing effective behavioral treatments; however, the psychometrics of these strategies has not been documented well in applied settings. The current experiment evaluated the relationship between established measures of language skills (receptive and expressive one-word picture vocabulary test; ROWPVT-4 and EOWPVT-4, respectively) and a recently released assessment and curriculum tool designed to teach instructional skills using a behavior analytic approach (promoting the emergence of advanced knowledge relational training system; PEAK). Each participant was administered three assessments: The PEAK direct training module assessment, the ROWPVT-4 assessment, and the EOWPVT-4 assessment. Scores from all three assessments were compared to assess the relationship between each assessment. The results indicated both a strong correlation between the PEAK direct training module and commonly used language assessments (ROWPVT-4 and EOWPVT-4), as well as strong reliability in the administration of the assessments.     

New Functional Block Copolymers via RAFT Polymerization and Polymer‐Analogous Reaction

The synthesis of block copolymers consisting of nonfunctional and reactive blocks is reported. The precursor polymers are ABA triblock copolymers, consisting of S/VBC or MMA/GMA and prepared via RAFT polymerization. The reactive blocks are converted into blocks with new functionalities that are hard to achieve by direct polymerization. The new polymers are either amphiphilic, with acidic or basic blocks on the outside and a nonfunctional core, or have functionalities that are useful for further reactions like thiol‐ene or alkyne‐azide click reactions. Reaction success and degree of functionalization are determined via FTIR, elemental analysis, and MALDI‐TOF MS. The stability of the RAFT functionalities during the modification reactions is analyzed.     

Evaluation of infrastructure, equipment and training of 28 burn units/burn centers in Germany, Austria and Switzerland

Treatment of burn patients requires special training and skills, and an adequate infrastructure. In the United States, burn center referral criteria and requirements of burn centers are defined by the American Burn Association (ABA) in the Guidelines for the Operation of Burn Centers, and in Germany, by the German Society for Burn Treatment (DGV). The European Burn centers in Austria and the German-speaking part of Switzerland share the standards in the setting of the German-speaking Association for Burn Therapy (DAV) with some modifications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the current infrastructure of burn centers in the three German-speaking countries with respect to the existing guidelines. Therefore, guidelines for burn center referral criteria and burn center requirements were compared between the USA (ABA) and Germany (DGV). In addition, a questionnaire was sent to all burn centers in Germany, Austria and the German-speaking part of Switzerland, in order to collect current information regarding the architectural and medical infrastructure, available equipment and care-providing personnel. The comparison of guidelines for the USA and Germany revealed similar burn center referral criteria for both countries. With respect to burn center requirements, both the USA and Germany have similar requirements, albeit with different focus points. In Germany, the main focus lies on the infrastructural requirements for burn centers, while in the US, the main focus lies on the requirements for medical and nursing personnel. Critical review of the responses from the burn centers of German-speaking countries revealed that the biggest infrastructural differences among centers were observed in burn units providing pediatric care, as compared to adult burn centers. In summary, the DGV guidelines for German-speaking countries reflect an overall adoption of the ABA guidelines, and the burn centers included in this study met those requirements. As a result of the positive experience and effective treatment of burn patients in German-speaking countries, we recommend an adoption of the ABA guidelines to those countries and societies that are in need of appropriate standards of burn care.     

茴拉西坦在老年痴呆患者体内的药动学

目的:研究茴拉西坦在老年痴呆患者体内的药动学.方法:8名老年痴呆患者单剂量口服400 mg茴拉西坦胶囊,采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法测定血浆中茴拉西坦的主要活性代谢产物对甲氧基苯甲酰氨基丁酸(ABA)的血药浓度,用药理学计算软件DAS Ver 1.0计算药动学参数.结果:老年痴呆患者口服茴拉西坦胶囊后血药浓度-时间曲线符合一室模型,主要药动学参数t1/2ke,Tmax,Cmax,AUC0-∞,AUC0-t分别为(76.6±51.0)min,(62.6±30.1)min,(16.4±6.4)mg·L-1,(2 054.2±951.0)mg·L-1·min,(1 815.7±881.3)mg·L-1·min.结论:茴拉西坦在老年痴呆患者体内比健康志愿者代谢变慢,且存在较大的个体差异,临床用药应适当调整剂量.     

Combining CBT and Behavior-Analytic Approaches to Target Severe Emotion Dysregulation in Verbal Youth With ASD and ID

ABSTRACT

This article presents an individual intervention combining cognitive-behavioral and behavior-analytic approaches to target severe emotion dysregulation in verbal youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) concurrent with intellectual disability (ID). The article focuses on two specific individuals who received the treatment within a therapeutic school setting. Single-subject methodology utilizing a nonconcurrent multiple-baseline design across behaviors and participants was used to evaluate the intervention. The two participants presented with severe behavioral challenges, including physical aggression and verbal threats to harm others. Results suggest positive outcomes, including a reduction in the frequency and intensity of severe aggressive behavior and an increase in the use of coping skills, self-advocacy, and social participation. The planning and implementation of specific skills-generalization strategies was one innovative element of the intervention that proved to be pivotal to its successful application. Assessment and treatment techniques for different intervention phases are detailed along with two case examples. Intervention challenges, treatment outcomes, and future directions for clinical research are discussed.     

ABA结合TEACCH的训练方式治疗儿童孤独症的价值分析

目的探讨行为分析疗法(ABA)结合结构化教学(TEACCH)的训练方式治疗儿童孤独症的价值。方法选取2017年10月～2018年4月于我院儿童康复科收治的60例孤独症患儿作为研究对象,按随机数字表法分为研究组和对照组,每组30例,研究组接受ABA结合TEACCH训练,对照组接受TEACCH训练,分别对比两组患儿在训练前、训练3个月后、6个月后时孤独症行为量表(ABC)评分、儿童孤独症评定量表(CARS)评分、自闭症儿童心理教育评核第三版(PEP-3)评分。结果在训练3个月后和6个月后,研究组患儿ABC评分低于对照组(P 0.05);研究组患儿CARS评分低于对照组(P 0.05);而PEP-3各方面评分都高于对照组(P 0.05)。结论 ABA结合TEACCH的训练方式能够有效改善儿童孤独症的预后,缩短康复治疗时间,值得推广及应用。