采用ART技术封闭恒牙防龋的6年临床效果观察

目的:评价非创伤性充填(ART)技术对恒牙窝沟封闭后,封闭剂保留及新生龋损发生情况。方法:1996年在四川省德阳市4所中学选取12～13岁儿童140名作191个牙ART封闭。采用WHO的ART标准器械,德国ESPE公司生产的高强度玻璃离子材料,对选择的牙面窝沟进行封闭;操作者为经中等口腔专业训练的医生。封闭后每年对ART封闭及牙龋损情况进行评价。结果:封闭后1、2、4、6年的完整保留率分别为75.4%、62.5%、50.0%、34.6%;成功率分别为89.6%、78.8%、68.5%、57.9%。试验后1年没有新生龋牙的发生,试验后2、3年,龋患发生率分别为1.6%、2.8%。试验后4年龋病有明显增加,试验4、5、6年后,龋病发生率分别为8.5%、16.1%、15.0%。结论:ART封闭试验3年的保存率较高、新生龋发生率低;试验6年封闭剂保留率虽然有所降低,但其结果还是令人满意的,预防龋病的效果是显著的。但封闭物脱落3年后,若没有重新修复,新龋患率大幅度上升,作为恒牙龋病防治的措施是适合和可接受的;是一种适合于在学校、社区开展的有效、实用的龋病预防方法。     

牙槽骨吸收与吸烟状况的研究

目的: 评价不同程度牙槽骨吸收的牙数与每日吸烟量和血浆中cotinine水平的关系。方法: 120名未治疗的慢性牙周炎患者,男 48,女 72,平均年龄 42. 3岁。根据自述的吸烟状况分组。116人检测了血浆cotin ine水平。根据骨吸收达根长的冠 1 /3、中 1 /3和根 1 /3, 牙槽骨吸收分为轻、中、重度骨吸收。结果:cotinine水平与自述的吸烟状况呈正相关(P<0. 001)。重度吸烟组较非吸烟组,中度骨吸收的牙齿数明显增多;而非吸烟组,无骨吸收的牙齿多(P值均<0. 001)。结论:吸烟>10支 /d是牙槽骨吸收牙数增加的重要危险因素。     

Immunotherapy of HNSCC: Studies in a murine model of oral cancer

Annual incidence of Head and Neck Squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is over 500,000 worldwide and it is the sixth leading cause of cancer related deaths.     

Strategies to improve quality of life in patients with head and neck cancer: microvascular surgery to nanotechnology

Educational Objectives: 1. Learn selection of microvascular free flaps to improve functional outcome.     

口腔矫治器长期治疗OSA患者的牙列三维变化评估

目的 观察长期戴用口腔矫治器治疗OSA 后患者的牙列咬合变化.方法 以70例平均戴用下颌前伸型矫治器7 年4 个月的OSA 患者为研究对象.由5 位专业正畸医师对比评价每位病人的初始、阶段记存模型,将总样本分为三个疗效评估组良好变化组(16 例)、无/微小变化组(31 例)和不良变化组(23 例),利用MicroScribe-3DX 三维牙颌模型分析系统进行模型测量,分析不同疗效组间咬合变化的差异.结果 不良咬合变化组通常与良好变化组或无/微小变化组之间存在着很多显著性差异,良好变化组和无/微小变化组之间的差异较少.不良变化组的平均变化量通常是三组中最大的.结论 长期使用下颌前伸型矫治器治疗OSA 的过程中,牙列咬合状态会在三维方向上发生变化,这种变化可依初始咬合状态的不同而被视为良性作用或不良副作用.治疗前有较深覆(牙合)或/和较深覆盖及安氏II 类倾向的病例能够在长期戴用中获得较满意的牙列变化.     

A cadaveric model for transesophageal echocardiography transducer placement training: A pilot study

BACKGROUND: Transesophageal echocardiography(TEE) is used in the emergency department to guide resuscitation during cardiac arrest. Insertion of a TEE transducer requires manual skill and experience, yet in some residency programs cardiac arrest is uncommon, so some physicians may lack the means to acquire the manual skills to perform TEE in clinical practice. For other infrequently performed procedural skills, simulation models are used. However, there is currently no model that adequately simulates TEE transducer insertion. The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of using a cadaveric model to teach TEE transducer placement among novice users.METHODS: A convenience sample of emergency medicine residents was enrolled during a procedure education session using cadavers as tissue models. A pre-session assessment was used to determine prior knowledge and confidence regarding TEE manipulation. Participants subsequently attended a didactic and hands-on education session on TEE placement. All participants practised placing the TEE transducer until they were able to pass a standardized assessment of technical skill(SATS). After the educational session, participants completed a post-session assessment. RESULTS: Twenty-five residents participated in the training session. Mean assessment of knowledge improved from 6.2/10 to 8.7/10(95% confidence interval [CI] of knowledge difference 1.6–3.2, P<0.001) and confidence improved from 1.6/5 to 3.1/5(95% CI of confidence difference 1.1–2.0, P<0.001). There was no relationship between training level and the delta in knowledge or confidence.CONCLUSIONS: In this pilot study, the use of a cadaveric model to teach TEE transducer placement methods among novice users is feasible and improves both TEE manipulation knowledge and confidence levels.     

Adrenal gland injury due to gunshot

Adrenal gland trauma is a rare phenomenon, due to the small size and retroperitoneal location of the organ. The majority of adrenal gland trauma is due to blunt force injury and is only rarely encountered due to the penetrating mechanisms. A 20-year-old male sustained a gunshot wound to the left abdomen. Upon exploration, he was found to have a through and through injury to the left adrenal gland, among other injuries. Injury to the adrenal gland due to penetrating trauma is exceptionally rare. The principles of management are to control bleeding from the gland with debridement and hemostasis rather than attempt to resect the entire organ. The management of a penetrating injury to the adrenal gland is straightforward and should not be a contributor to a patient''s morbidity or mortality.     

Unexpected complication of arteriovenous fistula of the left common carotid to internal jugular vein following central venous catheterization

Incidence of inadvertent arterial puncture secondary to central venous catheter insertion is not common with an arterial puncture rate of<1%.This is due to the advancements and wide availability of ultrasound to guide its insertion.Formation of arteriovenous fistula after arterial puncture is an unexpected complication.Till date,only five cases(including this case)of acquired arteriovenous fistula formation has been described due to inadvertent common carotid puncture.The present case is a 26-year-old man sustained traumatic brain injuries,chest injuries and multiple bony fractures.During resuscitative phase,attempts at left central venous catheter via left internal jugular vein under ultrasound guidance resulted in inadvertent puncture into the left common carotid artery.Surgical neck exploration revealed that the catheter had punctured through the left internal jugular vein into the common carotid artery with formation of arteriovenous fistula.The catheter was removed successfully and common carotid artery was repaired.Postoperatively,the patient recovered and clinic visits revealed no neurological deficits.From our literature review,the safest method for removal is via endovascular and open surgical removal.The pull/push technique(direct removal with compression)is not recommended due to the high risk for stroke,bleeding and hematoma formation.     

鸡血藤精准煮散饮片与原饮片质量的对比性研究

目的：本研究采用化学指纹图谱法及DNA条形码分子鉴定技术对鸡血藤饮片煮散质量体系进行探索研究。方法：应用ITS2序列作为DNA条形码对鸡血藤进行鉴定,对比鸡血藤原饮片及精准煮散饮片的出膏率;收集3 个批次鸡血藤饮片,采用HPLC法进行3批次饮片混合粉碎前后质量均一性、指纹图谱与相似度评价。结果：ITS2序列对鸡血藤药材可实现准确鉴定。鸡血藤煮散饮片出膏率及指标成分表儿茶素含量均略高于原饮片;原饮片批间表儿茶素溶出量有明显差异性RSD 为11.0%,混合后制成煮散饮片后差异性明显降低RSD为1.0%。指纹图谱中14个共有峰相对峰面积均有所提高,RSD值明显减少。结论：鸡血藤精准煮散饮片提高原饮片的浸出率,成分溶出率及质量均一性,表明鸡血藤煮散饮片有较好的的临床应用优势。     

干扰素加沙棘籽油栓治疗宫颈炎合并人乳头瘤病毒感染疗效观察

目的观察干扰素加沙棘籽油栓治疗宫颈炎合并人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染的临床疗效。方法将96例宫颈炎合并HPV感染患者随机分为2组,对照组48例给予重组人干扰素α-2b栓治疗,研究组48例给予重组人干扰素α-2b栓加沙棘籽油栓治疗,2组均以1个月为1个疗程,持续治疗3个疗程。观察2组治疗后临床疗效,记录2组治疗前后中医症状评分、创面愈合时间和异常分泌物持续时间,统计2组治疗后6个月和12个月的HPV转阴率。结果治疗后,研究组治疗总有效率显著高于对照组(P<0.05);2组中医症状评分均较治疗前显著降低(P均<0.05),且研究组显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组创面愈合时间和异常分泌物持续时间均显著低于对照组(P均<0.05);研究组治疗后6个月和12个月的HPV转阴率均显著高于对照组(P均<0.05)。结论干扰素加沙棘籽油栓治疗宫颈炎合并HPV感染,疗效显著。