经鼻高流量氧气湿化治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重合并呼吸衰竭的可行性研究

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of transnasal heated humidified high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) with respiratory failure in elderly patients. MethodsA total of 176 elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with respiratory failure who were hospitalized at Peking University Shougang Hospital from December 2016 to January 2022 were enrolled, including 82 patients in an HFNC group and 94 patients in an NPPV group. After treatment, pulse oxygen saturation (SPO₂), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂), oxygenation index (OI), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), comfort score, discharge rate, rate of endotracheal intubation, rate of transfer to intensive care unit (ICU), and mortality were compared between the two groups. The independent sample t-test was used for comparison between the two groups. Statistical data are expressed in percentage or number of cases and the χ² test was used for their comparisons. ResultsThe SPO₂ values at 30 min, 1 h, and 6 h were significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.049,-2.618, and -3.314, P=0.043, 0.010, and 0.001, respectively). SPO₂ before discharge was significantly lower than that of the NPPV group (t=2.162, P=0.033), but OI at each time point and before discharge had no statistical significance (P＞0.05). MAP at 6 h was significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.209, P=0.029), but within the normal range. HRs at 2 h and 3 h in the HFNC group were significantly higher than those of the NPPV group (t=-2.199 and -2.336, P=0.030 and 0.021, respectively). There were no significant differences in RR, HR, or MAP between the two groups at other time points and before discharge (P＞0.05). There was no significant difference in PaCO2 between the two groups (P＞0.05). Comfort score in the HFNC group was significantly higher than that of the NPPV group (t=-46.807, P＜0.001). There were no significant differences in discharge rate, ICU transfer rate, endotracheal intubation rate, and mortality between the two groups (P＞0.05). ConclusionHFNC is as effective as NPPV in treating elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with type Ⅰ or mild type Ⅱ respiratory failure, and HFNC is more comfortable than NPPV.     

全身振动治疗对脊髓损伤恢复期患者直立耐受性的生理效应影响

摘要 目的：探讨不同频率全身振动治疗(whole body vibration， WBV)对T6及以上平面ASIA A级和 B级脊髓损伤(spinal cord injury， SCI)恢复期患者直立耐受性的急性生理效应。 方法：选取21例T6及以上平面ASIA A级和B级，病程在3个月以上的脊髓损伤患者(A组)，并选取年龄性别与之匹配的正常受试者20例(B组)。受试者被束缚于电动起立床上，分别于平卧位3min(T0)、床面与地面成60°夹角3min(T1)、全身振动治疗3min(T2)、振动停止后3min(T3)、床面降至水平3min(T4)，全身振动频率分别为0Hz，10Hz和20Hz，并在每个时间点对患者进行无创血流动力学监测和体位性低血压症状评估量表(orthostatic hypotension symptom assessment， OHSA)评价。对上述结果进行组间及组内比较。 结果：与0Hz相比，10Hz、20Hz组T2、T3、T4时间点的心率(heart rate， HR)明显降低，体位性低血压症状评分明显下降；T2、T3时间点平均动脉压(mean arterial pressure， MAP)、心输出量指数(cardiac output index， CI)均明显升高；T2时间点每搏输出量指数(stroke volume index， SVI)明显升高；20Hz组T2、T3时间点总外周阻力指数(total peripheral resistance index， TPRI)明显升高；差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。与对照组相比，0Hz组T1—T0时平均动脉压、心输出量指数、每搏输出量指数明显降低，T2—T1时心率明显升高，平均动脉压、心输出量指数、每搏输出量指数明显降低，T4—T3时平均动脉压、心输出量指数、每搏输出量指数、总外周阻力指数明显升高；10Hz组T1—T0时平均动脉压、心输出量指数、每搏输出量指数、总外周阻力指数明显下降，T2—T1时心率明显降低；20Hz组T1—T0时心率明显升高，平均动脉压、心输出量指数、每搏输出量指数、总外周阻力指数明显降低，T2—T1时心率明显下降，总外周阻力指数明显升高。差异有显著性意义。 结论：全身振动治疗可以有效改善脊髓损伤恢复期患者体位变化的血流动力学变化和体位不耐受症状，是一种安全、有效改善脊髓损伤恢复期患者体位不耐受的物理治疗方法。     

细胞力学在压力性损伤中的作用及影响因素研究进展

随着压力性损伤的研究重心逐渐向细胞水平转移，发现力学因素下细胞结构和功能改变在压力性损伤发展过程中起重要作用。综述力学因素下压力性损伤发生机制、影响因素、评估以及预防管理。旨在提高护理人员对压力性损伤更为深入地认知，从而推动压力性损伤研究多元化发展。     

认知重构干预对急性心肌梗死介入手术患者不良情绪及疾病感知的影响

目的探讨认知重构干预对急性心肌梗死(AMI)介入手术患者不良情绪及疾病感知的影响。方法72例AMI介入手术患者随机分为两组各36例,对照组给予常规护理干预,研究组在对照组基础上给予认知重构干预,比较两组的不良情绪、疾病感知以及治疗依从性。结果干预后,研究组的HAMA、HAMD评分均低于对照组,疾病感知各项评分均高于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组的治疗依从性为94.44%,高于对照组的75.00%(P<0.05)。结论认知重构干预对急性心肌梗死介入手术患者的不良情绪及疾病感知均有积极的影响,可提升患者的治疗依从性。     

三维超声影像下阴道分娩后早期女性盆底特征及耻骨直肠肌损伤危险因素分析

目的探讨三维超声影像技术对阴道分娩后早期女性盆底特征及耻骨直肠肌损伤的危险因素。方法选取2017年1月至2017年1月合肥市第一人民医院集团滨湖医院和蚌埠市第三人民医院接收的128例初次妊娠并经阴道分娩后3天～5天产妇作为研究对象。将这128例初产妇作为研究组,另选取80例育龄期无流产史、无生育史的女性作为对照组。对两组女性进行三维超声影像检查,分析阴道分娩后早期女性盆底特征,并对耻骨直肠肌损伤危险因素进行分析。结果研究组AP(6.22±0.59)cm、LR(4.52±0.62)cm、HA(16.84±1.41)cm~2均大于对照组(5.00±0.51)cm、(4.19±0.46)cm、(14.52±1.34)cm~2,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);研究组T-LPR(0.56±0.09)cm、T-RPR(0.58±0.11)cm均小于对照组(0.48±0.04)cm、(0.73±0.06)cm,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);两组A-PR比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);对研究组女性依据直肠肌是否损伤分为损伤组(52例)和未损伤组(76例),未损伤组胎儿头围(30.35±1.63)cm、腹围(33.85±1.57)cm均小于损伤组(32.37±1.42)cm、(35.48±1.53)cm,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);未损伤组第二产程、三产程时间(41.52±28.53)min、(7.69±3.72)min均低于损伤组(69.92±48.12)min、(10.52±9.41)min,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);未损伤组孕末BMI(25.83±3.29)低于损伤组(27.45±2.19),差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);应用三维超声影像对两组AP、LR、HA、T-LPR、T-RPR、A-PR进行重复性测量,结果显示组内、组间测量结果比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论三维超声影像技术这一影像学检查手段对女性盆底支持系统结构有较好的评估作用,阴道分娩后早期女性会伴随盆隔裂孔结构异常情况,耻骨直肠肌损伤与第二产程、三产程时间,胎儿头围、腹围及母体孕末期BMI等因素有关。     

腓动脉穿支螺旋桨皮瓣修复足跟外侧缺损创面

目的探讨应用腓动脉穿支螺旋桨皮瓣修复足跟外侧缺损创面的临床效果。方法采用腓动脉穿支螺旋桨皮瓣修复16例足跟部外侧皮肤软组织缺损创面,创面面积为6 cm×3 cm～11 cm×8 cm。清创后以腓动脉穿支螺旋桨皮瓣转位修复创面,皮瓣面积为7 cm×4 cm～12 cm×8 cm。采用足部Maryland评分系统评估术后足部功能。结果患者均获得随访,时间5～12个月。15例皮瓣完全成活,1例皮瓣远端形成水疱,结痂后瘢痕愈合。皮瓣成活良好,弹性佳,色泽自然,外观无明显臃肿。患肢功能恢复良好,无疼痛和功能障碍。供区外观满意。末次随访采用足部Maryland评分系统评估疗效,优8例,良3例,中4例,差1例。临床有效率为15/16。结论腓动脉穿支螺旋桨皮瓣术式简单,创伤小,皮瓣成活率高,质地良好,是修复足跟外侧缺损创面较为理想的方法。