重组成骨蛋白-1在钛合金微粒环境下对MC3T3-E1成骨细胞增殖、分化、矿化的影响

目的在钛-6铝-4钒(Ti-6Al-4V)合金微粒环境下观察重组成骨蛋白-1(recombinant OP-1,r OP-1)对成骨细胞的影响,为防治关节假体无菌性松动提供新的治疗途径。方法根据小鼠颅顶骨前成骨细胞亚克隆14(MC3T3-E1)中是否加入Ti-6Al-4V微粒和r OP-1,分为微粒组(5、10、15μg/m L Ti-6Al-4V)、处理组(微粒组加入200 ng/m L r OP-1)、阳性组(加入200ng/m L r OP-1)和对照组,检测各组24、72、120 h MC3T3-E1细胞增殖能力、72 h碱性磷酸酶(akaline phosphatase,AKP)、骨钙素(osteocalcin,OCN)和骨桥蛋白(osteopontin,OPN)mRNA的表达,及120 h成骨细胞的矿化能力。结果 1r OP-1无促进Ti-6Al-4V微粒环境下成骨细胞增殖能力,与微粒组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);2r OP-1可提高成骨细胞分化,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);同时逆转Ti-6Al-4V微粒抑制成骨细胞分化,与微粒组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);3茜素红S染色后Ti-6Al-4V微粒钙结节数量随着浓度增加逐渐降低,和微粒组比较,加入r OP-1后钙结节数量呈增多趋势。结论 Ti-6Al-4V微粒环境下,r OP-1无提高成骨细胞增殖能力,能提高细胞分化矿化能力,r OP-1可以作为潜在治疗关节假体无菌性松动一种方法。     

分体式髌骨爪联合AO钛缆系统治疗髌骨骨折23例

目的:观察分体式髌骨爪联合AO钛缆系统治疗髌骨骨折的临床疗效.方法:选取髌骨骨折患者23例,所有患者均给予分体式髌骨爪联合AO钛缆系统治疗.结果:23例患者中,优21例,良2例,无效0例,优良率100％.结论:分体式髌骨爪联合AO钛缆系统治疗髌骨骨折疗效显著,达到了三雏固定的效果,是髌骨骨折的理想手术治疗方法,且术中操作简单,伤口暴露时间短,固定牢靠,有利于早期下地负重功能锻炼,有效的防止了膝关节粘连、骨质疏松等并发症的发生.     

后环经皮钛板结合前环外固定架治疗Tile C型骨盆骨折

目的探讨后环经皮钛板结合前环外固定架治疗Tile C型骨盆骨折的疗效。方法应用后环经皮钛板结合前环外固定架治疗Tile C型骨盆骨折18例,其中C1型3例,C2型5例,C3型10例。骨折复位评估采用Matta评价标准,功能评估采用Majeed评分系统。结果 18例均获随访,时间为6～30个月（平均12个月）。骨折复位评价：优3例,良10例,可5例,差0例;优良率为72.2%;功能评价：优4例,良10例,可3例,差1例;优良率为77.8%。结论后环经皮钛板结合前环外固定架治疗Tile C型骨盆骨折具有创伤小、操作简单、术后疗效肯定的优点。     

后路椎体次全切钛网植入内固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折

目的探讨经后路椎体次全切钛网植骨融合椎弓根钉内固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折的临床疗效。方法 2012年6月~2014年6月,笔者运用胸腰椎损伤评分系统(TLICS评分)和脊柱载荷评分系统(LSC评分),对纳入的35例成人[男性21例,女性14例;年龄26~45岁,平均(37.4±6.3)岁]胸腰椎爆裂骨折,采用一期经后路椎弓根内固定撑开复位,伤椎椎体次全切,椎管减压,钛网植骨融合手术。采用美国脊柱损伤学会分级(ASIA)进行神经功能评估,通过X线和CT评估术前、术后及末次随访时伤椎椎体高度、椎管占位情况和椎间融合情况。结果手术均顺利完成,6例术后并发脑脊液漏,余无严重并发症发生。所有病例均获随访,随访时间平均为(15.3±6.8)个月,除5例患者术前神经功能为A级外,余30例患者神经功能均有不同程度提高。术后影像学显示减压及复位效果满意,末次随访时植骨全部获得骨性融合,无假关节形成。结论经后路椎体次全切减压,前中柱重建脊柱序列,固定融合治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折手术操作相对简便,减压彻底,并发症少,有效恢复椎体高度及椎管容积,是胸腰椎骨折的一种有效治疗方法。     

纳米二氧化钛致小鼠肝组织DNA氧化损伤的研究

[目的]探讨纳米二氧化钛对小鼠DNA的氧化损伤作用. [方法]将20只雌性小鼠随机分成对照组和低、中、高3个染毒组,每组5只动物,采用尾静脉注射染毒;各组纳米二氧化钛染毒剂量分别为0、100、200、400mg/kg体重;动物染毒后24h处死,碘化钠法提取小鼠肝、肺、肾、骨髓、大脑组织中的DNA,采用高效液相色谱-ECD(HPLC-ECD)法测定各组织中的8-羟基脱氧鸟苷(8-OHdG),观察纳米二氧化钛对不同组织DNA的氧化损伤情况. [结果]低、中、高3个染毒组的肝脏DNA水平分别是每106个脱氧鸟苷(dG)中含8-OHdG个数(1.07±0.11)、(1.49±0.13)、(1.39±0.18),高于对照组(0.82±0.06),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);各染毒组其他脏器组织中8-OHdG水平与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞ 0.05). [结论]纳米二氧化钛可导致小鼠肝脏DNA氧化损伤增加,对肺、肾、骨髓、大脑中的DNA氧化损伤未见影响.     

Biological effect of food additive titanium dioxide nanoparticles on intestine: an in vitro study

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂ NPs) are widely found in food‐related consumer products. Understanding the effect of TiO₂ NPs on the intestinal barrier and absorption is essential and vital for the safety assessment of orally administrated TiO₂ NPs. In this study, the cytotoxicity and translocation of two native TiO₂ NPs, and these two TiO₂ NPs pretreated with the digestion simulation fluid or bovine serum albumin were investigated in undifferentiated Caco‐2 cells, differentiated Caco‐2 cells and Caco‐2 monolayer. TiO₂ NPs with a concentration less than 200 µg ml^–1 did not induce any toxicity in differentiated cells and Caco‐2 monolayer after 24 h exposure. However, TiO₂ NPs pretreated with digestion simulation fluids at 200 µg ml^–1 inhibited the growth of undifferentiated Caco‐2 cells. Undifferentiated Caco‐2 cells swallowed native TiO₂ NPs easily, but not pretreated NPs, implying the protein coating on NPs impeded the cellular uptake. Compared with undifferentiated cells, differentiated ones possessed much lower uptake ability of these TiO₂ NPs. Similarly, the traverse of TiO₂ NPs through the Caco‐2 monolayer was also negligible. Therefore, we infer the possibility of TiO₂ NPs traversing through the intestine of animal or human after oral intake is quite low. This study provides valuable information for the risk assessment of TiO₂ NPs in food. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The potential health challenges of TiO2 nanomaterials

Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanomaterials (NMs) have found widespread applications owing to their attractive physical and chemical properties. As a result, the potential adverse impacts of nano‐TiO₂ exposure on humans have become a matter of concern. This review presents the state‐of‐the‐art advances on the investigations of the adverse effects of NMs, including the potential exposure routes of nano‐TiO₂ (e.g. respiratory system, skin absorption and digestive system), the physico‐chemical characterizations of nano‐TiO₂ (e.g. crystal structure, shape,size, zeta potential, treatment media, aggregation and agglomeration tendency, surface characteristics and coatings), risk evaluation of nanotoxicity (e.g. cytotoxicity, ecotoxicity, phototoxicity, and phytotoxicity) and potential mechanisms of adverse effects (e.g. generation of reactive oxygen species, oxidative stress and organelle dysfunction). The review aims to facilitate scientific assessments of health risks to nano‐TiO₂, which would guide the safe applications of NMs in our daily life. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Treatment of skeletal open bite using a navigation system: CAD/CAM osteotomy and drilling guides combined with pre-bent titanium plates

Severe skeletal open bite associated with posterior vertical maxillary excess and mandibular deformity is considered a difficult problem in orthodontic and surgical treatment. This study used a navigation system for the correction of severe skeletal open bite in order to accurately transfer the virtual plan to the actual operation and achieve precise rigid internal fixation in bimaxillary osteotomies of the jaws. Twelve patients with a severe skeletal open bite associated with vertical maxillary excess and mandibular deformity were recruited. All patients underwent Le Fort I osteotomy and bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy with the guidance of this navigation system. Computed tomography and cephalometric examinations were performed to evaluate the correction of the deformity. Deviations between the simulated plan and actual postoperative outcome were measured to determine the precision of the surgery. Satisfactory and stable results were achieved in all patients postoperatively, without complications or relapse during follow-up. Photographs and cephalometric evaluations showed that the facial profile and occlusion were improved. Assessment of the deviations between the simulated plan and actual postoperative outcome showed that the navigation system can precisely transfer the virtual plan to the actual operation. The results suggest that the navigation system can accurately transfer the virtual plan to the actual operation during bimaxillary jaw osteotomies, without relapse, in patients with a severe skeletal open bite.