PD-L1高表达晚期非小细胞肺癌患者单纯免疫治疗与免疫联合化疗疗效比较

背景与目的以免疫检查点抑制剂（immune checkpoint inhibitors, ICIs）为代表的免疫治疗越来越广泛地应用于肺癌治疗。然而，对于程序性死亡受体配体1（programmed cell death-ligand 1, PD-L1）高表达，即肿瘤比例评分（tumor proportion score, TPS）≥50%的晚期非小细胞肺癌（non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC）患者，采用单纯免疫治疗还是免疫联合化疗在临床上仍存争议。本研究旨在评估PD-L1高表达的晚期NSCLC患者接受单纯免疫治疗与免疫联合化疗的疗效。方法本研究回顾性分析了49例PD-L1高表达晚期NSCLC患者的临床资料。PD-L1表达采用22C3抗体行免疫组化染色，按TPS判读PD-L1表达水平。比较不同临床特征分组患者的客观缓解率（objective response rate，ORR）和无进展生存时间（progression free survival, PFS）。结果免疫单药与免疫联合化疗组的ORR分别为47.1%（8/17）和43.8%（14/32），差异无统计学意义（P=0.825）。免疫单药与免疫联合化疗组的中位PFS分别为8.0个月和6.8个月，差异无统计学意义（P=0.502）。并对本组PD-L1高表达患者免疫治疗的预测因素进行了分析，结果显示，一线免疫治疗ORR（12/19, 63.2%）显著优于二线及以上免疫治疗（10/30, 33.3%），差异有统计学意义（P=0.041），二者间PFS无差异。年龄、性别、吸烟史、功能状态评分（performance status, PS）、病理类型、肿瘤大小、肿瘤淋巴结转移（tumor node metastasis, TNM）分期与ORR和PFS不相关。结论PD-L1高表达的晚期NSCLC患者接受免疫单药和免疫联合化疗的疗效相近。PD-L1高表达患者一线免疫治疗的ORR更佳。对此类人群的最佳治疗方案有待于前瞻性临床研究进一步探索。     

Partial trisomy 16q and partial monosomy 7p of a fetus derivated from paternal balanced translocation: A case report

Introduction:Subchromosomal deletions and duplications could currently be detected by noninvasive preliminary screening (NIPS). However, NIPS is a screening test that requires further diagnosis. Here we report a fetus with an autosomal abnormality revealed by NIPS and conventional karyotype combined with copy number variations sequencing (CNV-seq) confirmed the fetus with an unbalanced translocation.Patient concern:This was the fourth pregnancy of a 30-year-old woman who underwent 2 spontaneous abortions and gave birth to a child with a normal phenotype. The woman and her husband were healthy and nonconsanguineous. NIPS indicated a repeat of about 19-Mb fragment at the region of 16q22.1-q22.4 at 17-week gestation.Diagnoses:The combination of traditional karyotype and CNV-seq could better locate the abnormal chromosomal region and further identify the source of fetal chromosomal abnormalities. Simultaneously, we evaluated the fetal morphology by ultrasound examination. The karyotype of the fetus was 46,XX,der(7)t(7;16)(p22;q23) and CNV-seq results showed an approximately 20.96-Mb duplication in 16q22.1-q24.3 (69200001-90160000) and an approximately 3.86-Mb deletion in 7p22.3-p22.2 (40001-3900000). Prenatal ultrasound revealed the fetal micrognathia. The paternal karyotype was 46,XY, t (7;16) (p22;q23), while the maternal was normal. The fetus inherited an abnormal chromosome 7 from its father.Interventions:No treatment for the fetus.Outcomes:Pregnancy was terminated.Conclusions:To our knowledge, the occurrence of de novo partial trisomy 16q (16q22.1-qter) and partial monosomy 7p (7p22.2-pter) has not previously been reported up to now. Here, we present the perinatal findings of such a case and a review of the literatures. CNV-seq combined with karyotype is a useful tool for chromosomal abnormalities indicated by NIPS.     

外周血miR-299-5p和miR-127-3p的表达水平与非综合征型唇腭裂相关性研究

目的:研究外周血中miR-299-5p和miR-127-3p的表达水平与非综合征型唇腭裂(NSOC)的相关性。方法:选取于哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院就诊的唇裂伴或不伴腭裂(CL/P)患儿、单纯腭裂(CPO)患儿和健康儿童各10例,采用实时荧光定量RT-PCR(qRT-PCR)检测各组外周血中miR-299-5p和miR-127-3p的表达水平,采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线和曲线下面积(AUC)分析其对NSOC的诊断效能。结果:与健康对照组相比,CL/P组和CPO组miR-299-5p和miR-127-3p的表达下调,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。miR-299-5p、miR-127-3p及其联合诊断NSOC的AUC分别为0.770(95%CI:0.558~0.982)、0.810(95%CI:0.651~0.969)、0.915(95%CI:0.754~0.985)。结论:NSOC患儿外周血miR-299-5p和miR-127-3p表达下调,可能与NSOC的发生有关,其可能成为诊断NSOC的潜在生物标记物,且二者联合诊断效能更优。     

p‐Synephrine,ephedrine, p‐octopamine and m‐synephrine: Comparative mechanistic,physiological and pharmacological properties

Confusion and misunderstanding exist regarding the lack of cardiovascular and other adverse health effects of p‐synephrine and p‐octopamine relative to ephedrine and m‐synephrine (phenylephrine) which are known for their effects on the cardiovascular system. These four molecules have some structural similarities. However, the structural and stereochemical differences of p‐synephrine and p‐octopamine as related to ephedrine and m‐synephrine result in markedly different adrenergic receptor binding characteristics as well as other mechanistic differences which are reviewed. p‐Synephrine and p‐octopamine exhibit little binding to α‐1, α‐2, β‐1 and β‐2 adrenergic receptors, nor are they known to exhibit indirect actions leading to an increase in available levels of endogenous norepinephrine and epinephrine at commonly used doses. The relative absence of these mechanistic actions provides an explanation for their lack of production of cardiovascular effects at commonly used oral doses as compared to ephedrine and m‐synephrine. As a consequence, the effects of ephedrine and m‐synephrine cannot be directly extrapolated to p‐synephrine and p‐octopamine which exhibit significantly different pharmacokinetic, and physiological/pharmacological properties. These conclusions are supported by human, animal and in vitro studies that are discussed.     

注意缺陷多动障碍患儿药物治疗前后microRNA表达量与临床症状的关系

目的 探讨注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）儿童药物治疗前后microRNA表达量与临床症状的关系。方法 选取2017年5月至2018年10月初诊为ADHD儿童80例为研究对象，将愿意接受药物治疗的儿童随机分为盐酸哌甲酯治疗组（n=31）和盐酸托莫西汀治疗组（n=33），不愿接受治疗的作为未治疗组（n=16），随访中盐酸哌甲酯组脱落10例，盐酸托莫西汀组脱落13例。另随机选取同时期行健康体检儿童60例作为健康对照组。ADHD儿童在首诊、随访3个月、6个月时进行SNAP-V评分，并采集ADHD及健康对照组儿童血清样本以荧光定量PCR法检测miR-4655-3p和miR-7641的相对表达量。结果 重复测量方差分析结果显示，注意力不足症状SNAP-V评分在两治疗组和未治疗组中，以及两种miRNA相对表达量在两治疗组和健康对照组中均存在分组与时间因素差异，且分组与时间因素均存在交互作用（P < 0.05）。多动冲动症状SNAP-V评分在两治疗组和未治疗组中存在时间因素差异（P < 0.05），而分组因素差异无统计学意义，且时间因素与分组因素无交互作用（P > 0.05）。经药物治疗的ADHD儿童注意力不足症状SNAP-V评分与miRNA-4655-3p和miRNA-7641相对表达量均呈负相关（分别r=-0.314、-0.495，P < 0.05）。结论 药物治疗可显著改善ADHD儿童的临床症状；血清中miR-4655-3p和miR-7641的表达水平可能作为ADHD的诊断及疗效评估的分子指标。     

Activation of G protein-coupled receptor 30 protects neurons by regulating autophagy in astrocytes

Ischemic stroke leads to neuronal damage induced by excitotoxicity, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Astrocytes play diverse roles in stroke and ischemia-induced inflammation, and autophagy is critical for maintaining astrocytic functions. Our previous studies showed that the activation of G protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30), an estrogen membrane receptor, protected neurons from excitotoxicity. However, the role of astrocytic GPR30 in maintaining autophagy and neuroprotection remained unclear. In this study, we found that the neuroprotection induced by G1 (GPR30 agonist) in wild-type mice after a middle cerebral artery occlusion was completely blocked in GPR30 conventional knockout (KO) mice but partially attenuated in astrocytic or neuronal GPR30 KO mice. In cultured primary astrocytes, glutamate exposure induced astrocyte proliferation and decreased astrocyte autophagy by activating mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and inhibiting p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. G1 treatment restored autophagy to its basal level by regulating the p38 pathway but not the mTOR and JNK signaling pathways. Our findings revealed a key role of GPR30 in neuroprotection via the regulation of astrocyte autophagy and support astrocytic GPR30 as a potential drug target against ischemic brain damage.