全文获取类型
收费全文 | 111940篇 |
免费 | 8184篇 |
国内免费 | 3634篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 735篇 |
儿科学 | 1611篇 |
妇产科学 | 1214篇 |
基础医学 | 15826篇 |
口腔科学 | 1873篇 |
临床医学 | 7751篇 |
内科学 | 13304篇 |
皮肤病学 | 2252篇 |
神经病学 | 7657篇 |
特种医学 | 2078篇 |
外国民族医学 | 23篇 |
外科学 | 8802篇 |
综合类 | 14913篇 |
现状与发展 | 11篇 |
预防医学 | 6814篇 |
眼科学 | 1125篇 |
药学 | 18454篇 |
11篇 | |
中国医学 | 4852篇 |
肿瘤学 | 14452篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 206篇 |
2023年 | 1463篇 |
2022年 | 3134篇 |
2021年 | 3645篇 |
2020年 | 2840篇 |
2019年 | 5460篇 |
2018年 | 4910篇 |
2017年 | 3843篇 |
2016年 | 3026篇 |
2015年 | 3946篇 |
2014年 | 6414篇 |
2013年 | 6458篇 |
2012年 | 5414篇 |
2011年 | 6290篇 |
2010年 | 5593篇 |
2009年 | 6081篇 |
2008年 | 5298篇 |
2007年 | 6010篇 |
2006年 | 5391篇 |
2005年 | 4587篇 |
2004年 | 3537篇 |
2003年 | 3471篇 |
2002年 | 2769篇 |
2001年 | 2381篇 |
2000年 | 2267篇 |
1999年 | 1822篇 |
1998年 | 1724篇 |
1997年 | 1513篇 |
1996年 | 1309篇 |
1995年 | 1152篇 |
1994年 | 910篇 |
1993年 | 762篇 |
1992年 | 700篇 |
1991年 | 611篇 |
1990年 | 486篇 |
1989年 | 460篇 |
1988年 | 387篇 |
1987年 | 395篇 |
1986年 | 402篇 |
1985年 | 916篇 |
1984年 | 1040篇 |
1983年 | 686篇 |
1982年 | 738篇 |
1981年 | 645篇 |
1980年 | 608篇 |
1979年 | 477篇 |
1978年 | 369篇 |
1977年 | 293篇 |
1976年 | 251篇 |
1975年 | 194篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 20 毫秒
101.
Keiji Ogura Shigeki Fukuzawa Tomonori Habuchi Osamu Ogawa Osamu Yoshida 《International journal of urology》1997,4(6):561-565
Background :
In an attempt to determine the biological significance of nuclear morphometric findings, measurements of mean nuclear volume (MNV) and nuclear roundness factor (NRF) were compared to the immunoreactivityof p53 expression and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in human bladder cancer.
Methods :
MNV and NRF were measured using stereological methods. Expression of p53 and PCNA were determined by immunohistochemical staining. Specimens from 111 patients with previously untreated bladder cancer were analyzed.
Results :
The mean MNV was 235.8 ± 1 33.6 μm3 for the 81 patients with p53-labeling index (LI) less than 10% and 337.2 ± 141.0 μn3 for the 30 patients with p53 LI greater than 10% (P = 0.008). There was Resign if icant correlation between NRF and expression of p53. The mean MNV was 220.1 ± 1 20.5 μm3 for the 67 patients with PCNA LI less than 28% (the mean value of PCNA LI) and 328.9 ± 149.2 μm3 in 44 patients with PCNA LI greater than 28% (P= 0.0001). The mean NRF was 80.7 ± 4.2 for the 67 patients with PCNA LI less than 28%, and 82.3 ± 3.4 for the 44 patients with PCNA LI more than 28% (P= 0.04). Conclusion: Nuclear morphometric findings may reflect the proliferative potential of cancer eel Is of the bladder, as indicated by findings of immunostaining for p53 and PCNA. 相似文献
In an attempt to determine the biological significance of nuclear morphometric findings, measurements of mean nuclear volume (MNV) and nuclear roundness factor (NRF) were compared to the immunoreactivityof p53 expression and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in human bladder cancer.
Methods :
MNV and NRF were measured using stereological methods. Expression of p53 and PCNA were determined by immunohistochemical staining. Specimens from 111 patients with previously untreated bladder cancer were analyzed.
Results :
The mean MNV was 235.8 ± 1 33.6 μm
102.
本文采用三维位移测量方法,测试10例离体人膝标本的胫股关节三维运动特性。发现屈膝过程中,胫股运动也具有典型的三维运动特点。其中在屈膝初期的30°内,胫骨内旋最明显并伴有胫骨内翻现象,平均内旋8°,内翻6-7mm,膝关节完全伸直时胫股扣锁使膝关节稳定,屈曲时胫股“解锁”使膝关节松弛,具重要的临床意义,同时提示,在解释传统的胫股扣锁现象时不应遗漏伴随发生的胫骨内/外翻现象。 相似文献
103.
Active behaviors in the rat forced swimming test differentially produced by serotonergic and noradrenergic antidepressants 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
This study demonstrated that distinct patterns of active behaviors are produced by antidepressants that selectively inhibit norepinephrine (NE) or serotonin (5-HT) uptake in the rat forced swimming test (FST). A behavior sampling technique was developed to score the active behaviors swimming, climbing and diving, as well as immobility. The rat's behavior was recorded at the end of each 5-s period during the test session. The sampling technique was both reliable, as demonstrated by test-retest reliability and inter-rater reliability, and valid, as shown by comparison to the timing of behavior durations. Five different antidepressant drugs which block monoamine uptake and two 5-HT1A receptor agonists were shown to decrease immobility in the FST; however, they produced distinct patterns of active behaviors. The selective NE uptake inhibitors desipramine and maprotiline selectively increased climbing, whereas the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) fluoxetine, sertraline and paroxetine selectively increased swimming. The 5-HT1A receptor agonists 8-OH-DPAT and gepirone also selectively increased swimming. These results show that:1) SSRIs are not false negatives in the FST; 2) at least two behaviorally distinct processes occur in the FST; and 3) enhancement of NE neurotransmission may mediate climbing in the FST, whereas enhancement of 5-HT neurotransmission may mediate swimming. 相似文献
104.
在微量注射大量肝脏mRNA之后,通过电压箝方法进行功能鉴定,两栖类卵母细胞成功地表达了AVPV1a受体。但在灌流AV4-8溶液时,却不能诱导卵母细胞产生内向振荡电流反应。提示AVP4-8不能通过AVPV1a受体而介导生理学效应。 相似文献
105.
Juan F López-Giménez Laurence H Tecott José M Palacios Guadalupe Mengod M Teresa Vilaró 《Journal of neuroscience research》2002,67(1):69-85
Quantitative receptor autoradiography was used to study possible alterations of the densities of multiple serotonin (5-HT) receptor subtypes and of serotonin transporter in the brain of 5-HT(2C) receptor knockout mice. The radioligands employed were [(3)H]citalopram, [(3)H]WAY100,635, [(3)H]8-OH-DPAT, [(3)H]GR125743, [(3)H]sumatriptan, [(3)H]MDL100,907, [(125)I](+/-)DOI, [(3)H]mesulergine, [(3)H]5-HT, [(3)H]GR113808, and [(3)H]5-CT. As expected, radioligands that label 5-HT(2C) receptors showed a complete absence of labeling in mutant mice choroid plexus and significantly reduced densities in other brain regions expressing 5-HT(2C) receptors. With the rest of the radioligands, no significant alterations in the densities of labeled sites were found in any brain region. In situ hybridization showed no changes in 5-HT(2A) receptor and serotonin transporter mRNA levels, whereas 5-HT(2C) receptor mRNA levels were reduced in certain brain regions. The present results indicate that the mouse serotonergic system does not exhibit compensatory up- or down-regulation of the majority of its components (serotonin transporter and most 5-HT receptor subtypes) in response to the absence of 5-HT(2C) receptors. 相似文献
106.
目的:分析立体定向X-刀放射治疗颅内肿瘤后的近期疗效,并进行阶段性工作总结。材料和方法:53例不同类型脑瘤患者,以CT、MR、DSA图像资料作为定位依据,用德国Brain LAB治疗计划系统设计三维优化方案,西门子MD-2型直线加速器旋转照射。结果:53例患者经X-刀治疗后,近期均取得了满意效果,诸如以卡氏评分法评价,临床症状有所改善;以CT增强扫描复查观察,肿瘤大小趋于缩小或消失。结论:立体定向放射治疗后的追踪观察表明,只要严格掌握适应症,精确定位,精确计划,精心治疗,X-刀是一种安全、有效、无痛苦的治疗脑肿瘤的方法。它可起到改善临床症状,提高患者生活质量,延长生存期限的作用。 相似文献
107.
3,5-diBr-PADAP直接光度法测定血清锌 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
目的 建立一种不去除血清蛋白、简便灵敏的直接光度法测定血清锌。方法 以新的有机试剂2 -(3 ,5 二溴 -2 -吡啶偶氮 ) -5 -二乙氨基酚 (3 ,5 diBr -PADAP)为显色剂 ,在有表面活性剂存在的Tris-HC1介质中 ,手工分析法和自动分析法测定血清锌。结果 该法线性范围 0~ 80 μmol/L ,手工分析法和自动分析法平均回收率为 99 9%和 10 0 2 % ,批内变异系数 (CV)和批间变异系数分别为 0 0 18、 0 0 17和 0 0 2 8、0 0 2 6,与原子吸收分光光度法比较具有良好的相关性 ,线性回归方程和相关系数分别为Y =1 0 0 4X -0 12 6,r=0 9912和Y =1 0 0 6X -0 195 ,r =0 0 992 8。 89例健康人血清锌含量分别为 8 96~ 2 2 5 2 μmol/L和 8 63~2 2 43 μmol/L (x± 2s)。结论 用 3 ,5 diBr-PADAP直接光度法测定血清锌方法简便、灵敏可靠 ,适合临床应用。 相似文献
108.
Danuta Wasserman Christer HellstrÖm Jerzy Wasserman Olof Beck Eva Andersson Marie Åsberg 《Archives of Suicide Research》1997,3(3):153-169
The aim of this study was to investigate markers of serotonin and immune function in suicidal patients. Cytotoxic activity of natural killer cells (NK) and CD16 lymphocytes were studied in 28 suicide attempters and 26 healthy controls, and related in patients to 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Patients with CSF 5-HIAA below the median had significantly lower NK cell activity than other patients. CD16 cell frequency was significantly lower in patients than in controls, and patients also tended to have lower NK cell cytotoxicity than healthy controls. There were no statistically significant correlations between 4-hydroxy-3methoxyphenyl glycol (HMPG), homovanillic acid (HVA), CSF cortisol and NK cell activity. The results support the hypothesis of compromised immune function in suicidal patients with evidence of disordered serotonin function. 相似文献
109.
本文报告口服Sumatriptan 100mg对偏头痛急性发作119例次的治疗结果。治疗后4h内显效91例次(76.5%),好转16例次(13.4%),无效12例次(10.1%),总有效率为89.9%。对偏头痛伴随症状恶心、呕吐和畏光、畏声的缓解率分别为94.2%、96%和94.3%。 相似文献
110.
Chihaya Maesawa Gen Tamura Yasushi Suzuki Kaoru Ishida Kazuyoshi Saito Ryoichi Satodate 《Cancer science》1992,83(12):1253-1256
For the rapid and sensitive detection of p53 gene mutations in esophageal endoscopic biopsy specimens, we combined cell sorting with the polymerase chain reaction and single-strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) analysis. Mutations in exons 5–8 of the p53 gene were investigated by FCR-SSCF analysis using 103 sorted nuclei obtained from each endoscopic biopsy specimen of 16 patients with esophageal cancer. DNAs extracted from their respective surgical specimens were investigated by a conventional method of PCR-SSCP analysis. Mutations in the biopsy specimens were detected in 6 of the 12 aneuploid tumors but in none of the 4 diploid tumors. After tumor cell enrichment by cell sorting, one mutation in exon 8 became apparent, which could not be detected from the surgical specimen by a conventional method of PCR-SSCP analysis. This method should improve the sensitivity of detecting p53 gene mutations, and provides additional information concerning the DNA ploidy pattern in the tumors. 相似文献