高效液相色谱法测定血清叶黄素、番茄红素和β-胡萝卜素

目的建立血清中叶黄素、β-胡萝卜素、番茄红素的高效液相色谱测定法。方法Inertsil ODS C18色谱柱(250×4.6mm,粒径5μm);选用甲醇-乙腈-四氢呋喃(60:20:20),含0.01%的抗坏血酸为流动相;流速为1.0ml/min;检测波长为450nm。结果叶黄素、番茄红素和β-胡萝卜素的保留时间分别为4.3min、12.4min和17.0min,回收率分别为97.98%～102.80%、97.24%～101.76%、98.56%~100.4%,日内和日间RSD分别为2.26%和3.02%、4.34%和5.02%、1.81%和2.52%。标准曲线的线性范围为0.05～2.00μg/ml。90名正常人血清中叶黄素、番茄红素与β-胡萝卜素的含量分别为0.34±0.17μg/ml、0.28±0.16μg/ml、0.49±0.25μg/ml。结论HPLC法测定人血清叶黄素、番茄红素和β-胡萝卜素浓度方法可靠,样品处理快速简便。     

2型糖尿病患者血清叶黄素与体内氧化应激指标的关系

 目的 研究2型糖尿病（diabetes mellitus,DM）患者血清叶黄素含量与氧化应激反应的关系。方法 检测99例2型DM患者和83例正常对照者的空腹血糖、血清总胆固醇、血清三酰甘油;血清叶黄素、β-胡萝卜素、番茄红素和维生素E含量及血清SOD、GSH-Px、MDA、IL-6含量,采用t检验、单因素相关分析、逐步多元线性回归等方法进行统计分析。结果 2型DM患者组血清叶黄素、番茄红素、β-胡萝卜素、SOD、GSH-Px水平明显低于正常对照组（P<0.05）,血清MDA、IL-6水平高于正常对照组（P<0.01）。血清叶黄素、番茄红素和β-胡萝卜素与血清SOD和GSH-Px的相关系数为正值（P<0.05）,与MDA相关系数为负值（P<0.05）,叶黄素、β-胡萝卜素与IL-6的相关系数为负值（P<0.05）。多因素分析表明,控制BMI和年龄因素后,血清叶黄素与MDA、IL-6含量呈负相关,与血清SOD、GSH-Px呈正相关（P<0.05）。结论 随着2型DM患者血清叶黄素水平的增加,血清MDA、IL-6含量降低,血清SOD与GSH-Px的活性增高。提示叶黄素可能通过抑制机体的氧化应激反应,降低IL-6的表达,从而减轻IL-6水平过高所导致的负面效应。     

叶黄素在眼科疾病中作用和机制的实验性研究进展

叶黄素可清除单氧基团和过氧化自由基,对视网膜的保护机制主要体现为滤过蓝光和抗氧化损伤。叶黄素在多种眼科疾病中的预防及治疗作用虽被临床证明有效,但其机制尚未完全明确,有待临床与基础研究探索。文章对叶黄素在眼科疾病中作用和机制的实验性研究进展进行综述,主要介绍常见眼科疾病动物模型中和眼科相关细胞中叶黄素的研究。     

Intake of Lutein-Rich Vegetables Is Associated with Higher Levels of Physical Activity

Levels of physical inactivity, a major contributor to burden of disease, are high in many countries. Some preliminary research suggests that circulating lutein concentrations are associated with high levels of physical activity (PA). We aimed to assess whether the intake of lutein-containing foods, including vegetables and eggs, is associated with levels of PA in two studies conducted in different countries. Dietary data and PA data collected from participants in two cross-sectional studies: the Maine-Syracuse Longitudinal Study (MSLS), conducted in Central New York, USA (n = 972), and the Observation of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Luxembourg Study (ORISCAV-LUX) (n = 1331) were analyzed. Higher intakes of lutein containing foods, including green leafy vegetables, were associated with higher levels of PA in both study sites. Increasing the consumption of lutein-rich foods may have the potential to impact positively on levels of PA. This needs to be further explored in randomized controlled trials.     

Stability of carotenoids and tocopherols in ready-to-eat baby-leaf lettuce and salad rocket during low-temperature storage

Minimally processed ready-to-eat baby-leaf vegetables (BLVs) are the most convenient source to include the health beneficial bioactive in the daily diet. In the present study, the visual quality and storage stability of carotenoids, tocopherols were investigated in lettuce (green and red romaine) and salad rocket BLVs. The commercially packed samples of BLVs were stored at 0?°C and 4?°C in dark conditions and analyzed after 0, 2, 4, 8 and 12 days of storage. All the studied samples were found in better visual quality up to eight days of storage at both the temperatures. In most cases, the quality was correlated with the chlorophyll contents. The highest significant (p?相似文献   

藻粉中叶黄素提取工艺的优化

采用酶提取法对藻粉中叶黄素提取工艺进行研究,实验分别考察了不同提取剂、不同种类酶、酶的使用量、酶解时间及搅拌时间对叶黄素提取的影响。在单因素实验的基础上,选取影响较大的3个因素采用L9（33）正交实验考察对叶黄素提取的影响,以叶黄素提取量为指标,确定了最佳工艺条件：酶液添加量为5 mL,酶解时间2.5 h,磁力搅拌时间2.5 h,此条件下叶黄素最佳提取量为2.18 mg/g。     

The relation between the macular carotenoids,lutein and zeaxanthin,and temporal vision

Lutein (L) and zeaxanthin (Z) are the dominant carotenoids within the central retina (there, termed macular pigment, MP) and brain (approximately 70% of total carotenoid concentration). Past studies have shown that MP is related to many static indicators of visual performance, such as visibility and disability glare. It has also been shown that MP is related to a dynamic measure of visual performance, the critical flicker fusion threshold (CFF). In this study, we examine whether MP is related to CFF in a larger sample. We also test the relation between MP and the more complete temporal contrast sensitivity function (TCSF). A total of 70 participants were assessed for a comparison of MP and the full temporal function. A separate pool of 354 participants was assessed for a MP and CFF comparison. Peak MP density was measured psychophysically (via heterochromatic flicker photometry) using a 1‐degree diameter test. CFF was measured using a 1‐degree 570 nm test varied at 100% modulation. The full TCSF was measured centrally using a 1‐degree, 660 nm test (the modulation depth of which could be adjusted directly by the subject) centered within a 5.5‐degree, 660 nm surround. A small fixation point was used to test a 7‐degree parafoveal site. MP density was positively related to temporal function as assessed by the full TCSF in the center (n = 70, r = ?0.29, p < 0.01) but not at the parafoveal location (p < 0.07). MP was also positively related to critical flicker fusion thresholds (n = 354, r = 0.21, p < 0.0001).     

Plasma Lutein,a Nutritional Biomarker for Development of Advanced Age-Related Macular Degeneration: The Alienor Study

Lutein and zeaxanthin may lower the risk of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). We evaluated the associations of plasma lutein and zeaxanthin with the incidence of advanced AMD in the Alienor study (Antioxydants Lipides Essentiels Nutrition et Maladies Oculaires). Alienor study is a prospective population-based cohort of 963 residents of Bordeaux, France, who were 73 years or older at baseline (2006–2008). The present study included 609 participants with complete ophthalmologic and plasma carotenoids data. Examinations were performed every two years over an eight-year period (2006 to 2017). Plasma lutein and zeaxanthin were determined at baseline from fasting blood samples using high-performance liquid chromatography. Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess associations between plasma lutein, zeaxanthin, and their (total cholesterol (TC) + triglycerides (TG)) ratios with AMD. Among the 609 included participants, 54 developed advanced incident AMD during a median follow-up time of 7.6 years (range 0.7 to 10.4). Participants with higher plasma lutein had a reduced risk for incident advanced AMD in the fully adjusted model (HR = 0.63 per 1-SD increase (95% CI, 0.41–0.97), p = 0.03). A similar association was observed using the lutein/(TC + TG) ratio (HR = 0.59 (95% CI, 0.39–0.90), p = 0.01). No associations were evidenced for other carotenoids. Higher plasma lutein was associated with a 37% reduced risk of incident advanced AMD.     

Environmental and Nutritional Determinants of Macular Pigment in a Mexican Population

PurposeThe carotenoids lutein (L), zeaxanthin (Z), and meso-zeaxanthin deposit at the macula as macular pigment (MP) and provide visual benefits and protection against macular diseases. The present study investigated MP, its nutritional and environmental determinants, and its constituent carotenoids in serum from a Mexican sample, in healthy participants and with metabolic diseases. Additionally, we compared these variables with an Irish sample.MethodsMP was measured in 215 subjects from a rural community in Mexico with dual-wavelength autofluorescence imaging reported as MP optical volume (MPOV). Dietary intake and serum concentrations of L and Z were evaluated.ResultsThe mean MPOV was 8429 (95% confidence interval, 8060–8797); range. 1171–15,976. The mean L and Z serum concentrations were 0.25 ± 0.15 µmol/L and 0.09 ± 0.04 µmol/L, respectively. The MPOV was positively correlated with L and Z serum concentrations (r = 0.347; P < 0.001 and r = 0.311; P < 0.001, respectively), but not with L + Z dietary estimates. Subjects with daily sunlight exposure of more than 50% were found to have significantly higher MPOV than those with less than 50% (P = 0.005). MPOV and serum concentrations of L and Z were significantly higher in the Mexican sample compared with the Irish sample, but this difference was not reflected in dietary analysis.ConclusionsThese new data from a Mexican sample provide evidence of the multifactorial interactions and environmental determinants of MP such as sunlight exposure and dietary patterns. These findings will be essential for future studies in Mexico for eye health, visual function, and ocular pathology.     

Serum and Macular Carotenoids in Relation to Retinal Vessel Caliber Fifteen Years Later,in the Second Carotenoids in Age-Related Eye Disease Study

PurposeWe investigated whether dietary carotenoids lutein and zeaxanthin (L/Z) in the serum and macula were associated with central retinal arteriole and venule calibers in a follow-up ancillary study among older women in the Women''s Health Initiative.MethodsAmong 390 women who participated in Carotenoids in Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 (CAREDS2) (2016–2019), we investigated associations between serum L/Z at Women''s Health Initiative baseline (1994–1998), and macular pigment optical density (MPOD) at CAREDS baseline (2001–2004), with central retinal vessel caliber in CAREDS2. MPOD was measured using heterochromatic flicker photometry (0.5° from the foveal center) in CAREDS baseline and CAREDS2. Vessel calibers were measured from fundus photographs (CAREDS2). We also explored associations in women with stable MPOD (±0.10 optical density units) over 15 years (n = 106), given the long-term increases in MPOD related to diet patterns and supplement use. Associations were investigated using linear modeling.ResultsIn the full sample (n = 390), higher serum L/Z (tertile 3 vs. 1) was positively associated with arteriole caliber (mean ± SE, 145.0 ± 1.4 µm vs. 140.8 ± 1.4 µm; P = 0.05) and venule caliber (214.6 ± 2.2 µm vs. 207.5 ± 2.2 µm; P = 0.03). MPOD was also associated with wider vessel calibers (tertile 3 vs. 1), but the trend was only statistically significant for venules (144.4 ± 1.4 µm vs. 141.1 ± 1.4 µm [P = 0.12] and 213.3 ± 2.1 µm vs. 206.0 ± 2.1 µm [P = 0.02], respectively.) Most associations were strengthened in women with stable MPOD over 15 years, including between MPOD and arteriole caliber (149.8 ± 2.6 µm vs.135.8 ± 3.0 µm; P = 0.001).ConclusionsHigher L/Z status in serum and retina was associated with larger central retinal vessel calibers. Prospective studies and clinical trials are needed to elucidate whether L/Z supplementation prevents vision loss through increasing blood flow.