胸痹心痛病因病机研究述评

目的：探讨胸痹心痛病因病机及其各证型与临床检测指标相关性。方法：收集整理并归纳、总结古今中外关于胸痹心痛病因病机理论研究、冠心病的病理机制及危险因素研究以及胸痹心痛各证型与临床检测指标相关性的研究资料。结果：胸痹心痛相当于西医的冠心病,系因胸阳不振,阴寒痰浊留踞胸廓,或心气不足,鼓动乏力,使气血痹阻,心失血养所致,以胸闷及发作性心胸疼痛为主要表现的内脏痹病类疾病。病机上焦阳虚,阴邪上乘,邪正相搏。现代医学研究表明,冠心病的发生与炎症反应、超敏C-反应蛋白、D-二聚体、胱抑素-C、热休克蛋白60、冠心病易感基因、脂联素等密切相关。关于胸痹心痛各证型与临床检测指标相关性研究方面,学者们做了很多有益的尝试并取得可喜进展,但观点并不统一。结论：胸痹心痛各证型与临床检测指标相关性方面,有待进一步研究。     

THE INVESTIGATION OF Chlamydophila pneumoniae IN PATIENTS WITH MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS

Totally 32 cerebrospinal fluid samples from Multiple sclerosis (MS) patients were collected. DNA was extracted by High Pure PCR Template Preparation Kit. Two genomic segments, outer membrane protein genes ompA and omp9, were targeted for the detection of C. pneumoniae DNA in the samples by PCR tests. To detect ompA, a nested-PCR assay was designed, whereas for omp9, a PCR-Enyzme immunoassay (PCR-EIA) depending on streptavidin-biotin capture and dig detection of the PCR products was performed. C. pneumoniae DNA was not detected by each assays in patient samples.     

Use of a Sandwich Technique to Repair a Left Ventricular Rupture after Mitral Valve Replacement

One difficulty with external repair of left ventricular rupture after mitral valve replacement is collateral bleeding in friable myocardium adjacent to the rupture. The bleeding is caused by tension on the closing sutures, whether or not pledgets have been used.We report the case of a 69-year-old woman who underwent an uneventful mitral valve replacement. After cardiopulmonary bypass was terminated, brisk bleeding started from high in the posterior left ventricular wall, typical of a type III defect. We undertook external repair, placing a plug of Teflon felt into the cavity of the rupture and sandwiching it into place with pledgeted mattress and figure-of-8 sutures. The space occupied by the plug decreased the distance needed to obliterate the defect and thereby reduced the tension on the sutures necessary to achieve hemostasis. This simple technique enabled closure of the defect and avoided collateral tears that would have compromised an otherwise successful repair. Two years postoperatively, the patient had normal mitral valve function and no left ventricular aneurysm. In addition to reporting the patient''s case, we review the types of left ventricular rupture that can occur during mitral valve replacement and discuss the various repair options.     

Autoimmunity to specific citrullinated proteins gives the first clues to the etiology of rheumatoid arthritis

Summary: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is now clearly a true autoimmune disease with accumulating evidence of pathogenic disease-specific autoimmunity to citrullinated proteins. Citrullination, also termed deimination, is a modification of arginine side chains catalyzed by peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD) enzymes. This post-translational modification has the potential to alter the structure, antigenicity, and function of proteins. In RA, antibodies to cyclic citrullinated peptides are now well established for clinical diagnosis, though we argue that the identification of specific citrullinated antigens, as whole proteins, is necessary for exploring pathogenic mechanisms. Four citrullinated antigens, fibrinogen, vimentin, collagen type II, and α-enolase, are now well established, with others awaiting further characterization. All four proteins are expressed in the joint, and there is evidence that antibodies to citrullinated fibrinogen and collagen type II mediate inflammation by the formation of immune complexes, both in humans and animal models. Antibodies to citrullinated proteins are associated with HLA ‘shared epitope’ alleles, and autoimmunity to at least one antigenic sequence, the CEP-1 peptide from citrullinated α-enolase (KIHAcitEIFDScitGNPTVE), shows a specific association with HLA-DRB1*0401, *0404, 620W PTPN22, and smoking. Periodontitis, in which Porphyromonas gingivalis is a major pathogenic bacterium, has been linked to RA in epidemiological studies and also shares similar gene/environment associations. This is also the only bacterium identified that expresses endogenous citrullinated proteins and its own bacterial PAD enzyme, though the precise molecular mechanisms of bacterial citrullination have yet to be explored. Thus, both smoking and Porphyromonas gingivalis are attractive etiological agents for further investigation into the gene/environment/autoimmunity triad of RA.     

妊娠合并血小板减少的病因、治疗方案及其分娩方式探讨

 目的 探讨妊娠合并血小板减少的病因、规范化治疗方案及分娩方式的选择。方法 回顾性分析2009-01至2018-12解放军总医院第七医学中心产科127例妊娠合并血小板减少患者资料,对其病因、规范化治疗方案、分娩方式及妊娠结局等进行临床分析。结果 妊娠合并血小板减少的病因以妊娠相关性血小板减少症(pregnancy-related thrombocytopenia,PAT)和特发性血小板减少性紫癜(idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura,ITP)居多,构成比分别为62.20%和19.69%,显著高于妊娠期高血压疾病(pregnancy hypertensive disorders,PHD)、妊娠期胆汁淤积综合征(intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy,ICP)及系统性红斑狼疮(systemic lupus erythematosus,SLE)。根据具体病情及病因选择监测观察、治疗原发疾病、糖皮质激素及免疫球蛋白输注、血小板输注等治疗。分娩方式主要由产科指征决定。结论 正确诊断并规范化、个体化治疗妊娠合并血小板减少,是降低妊娠并发症发生率、改善妊娠结局的关键。     

西南地区小儿无腹泻溶血尿毒综合征39例临床分析

目的：探讨西南地区无腹泻溶血尿毒综合征（D-HUS）的临床特征、分子遗传学信息、治疗及转归情况。方法：回顾性分析西南地区39例D-HUS患儿的病历资料,统计包括人口学资料、临床表现、辅助检查、分子遗传学信息、治疗及随访等情况。补体基因检测采用二代测序及Sanger测序。根据统计结果分析HUS的发病和临床特征。结果：西南地区D-HUS患儿呈散发,发病季节以夏季为主,好发于学龄期儿童。临床表现以急性肾衰竭、溶血、出血为主,消化系统和神经系统症状为常见的肾外表现。确诊肺炎链球菌相关HUS 1例;5例行补体基因检测,3例阳性,分别为CFI基因突变、CFHR4基因突变及CFHR1/CFHR4基因片段疑似纯合缺失。急性期治疗以对症、抗感染、成分血输注及血液净化为主;12例行血浆置换,治疗前后血红蛋白、血小板、血肌酐、尿素氮、乳酸脱氢酶、总胆红素及间接胆红素水平差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。随访19例,完全缓解14例,部分缓解2例,复发1例,慢性治疗1例,死亡1例。结论：不同病因D-HUS诊治方式及预后不尽相同,临床诊断HUS后尽早明确病因行针对性治疗,对改善急性期症状及远期预后有重要意义。     

三维数字化测量肾结石的解剖学病因及临床意义

文题释义：肾结石：是泌尿系统最常见的疾病,与饮食中的钙含量和酸性物质增高有关,严重者常需要进行手术治疗,肾结石手术几乎占了泌尿外科手术数量的一半。 三维数字化：利用医学工程软件把人体脏器的实体模型进行虚拟创建,之后进行修改、模拟、设计等一些操作。 背景：肾结石发生病因有很多,但对于肾脏解剖形态学研究是否影响结石的产生还未有明确答案。 目的：重建肾脏的三维立体模型;测量与肾结石病因的相关解剖结构数据进行分析。 方法：随机选取2017年12月至2019年2月在北京房山区良乡医院就诊的30例肾结石患者作为肾结石组,对照组是同期进行体检的正常人30例。两组受试者采集肾脏CT的扫描数据后,利用Mimics 16.0.软件通过图像分割和融合来重建肾脏的三维立体模型;测量肾脏长度、肾脏宽度、肾窦长径、肾窦宽径、肾盂与输尿管连接处直径、肾上缘至棘突纵线距离、肾下缘至棘突纵线距离、肾门至棘突纵线距离;并对肾结石患者肾脏解剖学指标进行多参数Logistics回归分析。结果与结论：①肾结石患者与正常人的肾在肾脏长度、肾脏宽度、肾窦长径、肾窦宽径、肾盂与输尿管连接处直径、肾上缘至棘突纵线距离、肾下缘至棘突纵线距离、肾门至棘突纵线距离方面的三维数字化测量结果差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。②肾结石患者肾脏解剖学多参数Logistics回归分析结果表明,肾结石患者的肾脏长度、肾脏宽度、肾窦长径、肾窦宽径、肾盂与输尿管连接处直径、肾上缘至棘突纵线距离、肾下缘至棘突纵线距离、肾门至棘突纵线距离等与肾结石的形成无明显相关性(P > 0.05)。提示肾脏形态学的不同与结石形成无关。ORCID: 0000-0001-6850-7615(武利兵);0000-0001-5877-8358(许阳阳) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程