人格个性因素对癌症患者疼痛行为和情感障碍的影响

目的：探讨人格个性因素对癌症患者疼痛行为和情感障碍的影响。方法：采用“癌症疼痛调查表”、汉密顿情感量表、生活事件量表、艾森克个性问卷和A型行为问卷对患者进行调查。结果：性别和文化程度不同，其焦虑抑郁情感障碍和疼痛行为差异显著。P，N，E量表分越高，疼痛程度和焦虑抑郁障碍也越严重。A型行为者焦虑抑郁情感障碍和疼痛的表现程度也较重。神经质个性者及精神不稳定个性者与其焦虑抑郁情感障碍及疼痛行为明显相关。结论：患者病理性人格、负性情感反应和个性人格特征对疼痛的控制和病情的转归将产生消极影响。     

The responses to stress questionnaire: construct validity and prediction of depressive and social anxiety symptoms in a sample of Chinese adolescents

The objective of the current study was to develop a Chinese version of the Responses to Stress Questionnaire (RSQ‐C) and to evaluate its reliability and validity. The original version of the RSQ was back‐translated into Chinese and administered to a sample of students recruited from two middle schools in Hunan, China. The final sample consisted of 1068 adolescents (49.9% males and 50.1% females). Participants' ages ranged from 14 to 20 (M = 16.47 years, standard deviation = 1.02). The RSQ‐C exhibited moderate internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha was 0.87), and test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients was 0.82 over a 1‐month interval). Results of confirmatory factor analyses indicated that the fit of a three‐factor model of voluntary coping and a separate two‐factor model of involuntary coping. With regard to predictive validity, the results of multiple regression analyses suggest that the high levels of Disengagement Coping and low levels of Primary Control Engagement Coping were significant predictors of depressive symptomology. Additionally, high levels of Involuntary Engagement and low levels of Primary Control Engagement Coping predicted higher levels of social anxiety symptoms. Copyright ? 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

护理干预在产后出血患者中的应用研究

目的：探讨护理干预在产后出血患者中的护理效果,总结护理经验。方法：将80例产后出血的患者随机分成观察组（40例）和对照组（40例）,观察组采用护理干预,对照组采用传统的护理方法,比较二者的护理效果,如焦虑、抑郁、出血量和对护理质量的满意度。结果：观察组护理效果明显好于对照组,如焦虑、抑郁、出血量和满意度差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：护理干预可以降低产后出血患者的焦虑、抑郁,减少出血量,提高对护理质量的满意度,值得临床推广应用。     

综合医院内外科住院患者焦虑抑郁状况调查

目的调查综合医院内外科住院患者的焦虑抑郁发生状况,为临床干预提供依据。方法对综合医院300例内外科住院患者采用综合医院焦虑抑郁量表进行调查分析。结果300例患者焦虑情绪检出率为11．00％,抑郁情绪检出率为28．67％;内科患者抑郁情绪检出率显著高于外科（x2=11．02,P〈0．01）,不同性别、文化程度、职业患者抑郁情绪检出率比较差异有极显著性（P〈0．01）。内科不同科室患者焦虑、抑郁情绪检出率比较差异均无显著性（x2=3．12、6．37,P〉0．05）;外科不同科室患者焦虑情绪检出率比较差异无显著性（x2=4．04,P〉0．05）,抑郁情绪检出率比较差异有极显著性（x2=14．47,P〈0．01）。结论综合医院住院患者伴发焦虑、抑郁情绪的发生率较高,临床医生在诊治躯体疾病的同时,应及时地对患者伴发的焦虑抑郁情绪进行有针对性的干预,以促进患者心身的全面康复。     

Relationships of Distinct Affective Dimensions to Performance on an Emotional Stroop Task

Few studies have examined the nature of enhanced selective attention to threatening stimuli with regard to distinct affective dimensions in nonclinical samples. No study to date has explored the relationships of multiple anxiety-related dimensions to performance on an emotional Stroop task. An adult sample without history of spontaneous panic attacks (N = 138) participated in an emotional Stroop task, and performance was analyzed in light of several types of self-reported anxiety. Only anxiety sensitivity distinguished individuals who showed a pattern of interference to threat information from those who showed a pattern of facilitation. No anxiety type was associated with reaction time patterns to appetitive distractors. These results highlight the importance of deconstructing anxiety into separate dimensions such that unique relationships between anxiety types and cognitive processing can be examined.     

A Model of Anxious Depression: Persistence of Behavioral Pathology

Chronic psychoemotional stress induced by negative experience of social defeats in intermale confrontations over a period of 30 days was found to lead to the development of anxious-depressive symptomatology in male mice. Cessation of the psychopathogenic conditions and placing of depressed animals in comfortable conditions for 1–2 weeks with females did not lift the pathological state. Individuals continued to show marked anxiety, a behavioral deficit, decreased communicativeness, and a high level of depressivity, as revealed by a variety of behavioral tests. Persistence of the resulting psychoemotional disturbance in these animals is evidence for the development and persistence of the behavioral pathology requiring drug treatment. __________ Translated from Rossiiskii Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal imeni I. M. Sechenova, Vol. 90, No. 10, pp. 1235–1245, October, 2004.     

运动员赛前心理紧张和焦虑的分析

比赛的胜负,并不单纯决定于运动员的专业技术和身体素质方面,在很大程度上还取决于运动员的心理素质。本文通过对比赛前紧张和焦虑所产生的原因进行分析,使运动员确定合适期望值,正确选择奋斗目标,指出通过呼吸法、注意力转移法和想象训练等专门性心理训练克服赛前紧张和焦虑,促使运动员发挥最佳的竞技水平。     

Posttraumatic stress disorder and the structure of common mental disorders

Krueger [1999: Arch Gen Psychiatry 56:921-926] identified a three-factor structure of psychopathology that explained the covariation or grouping of common mental disorders found in the U.S. National Comorbidity Survey (NCS) [Kessler et al., 1994: Arch Gen Psychiatry 51:8-19]. These three fundamental groupings included an externalizing disorders factor and two internalizing disorders factors (anxious-misery and fear). We extended this research through the examination of additional data from a large subsample of the NCS (n=5,877) that contained diagnostic information on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Factor analytic findings revealed that PTSD showed no affinity with the fear factor defined by panic and phobic disorders, and instead loaded on the anxious-misery factor defined primarily by mood disorders. An identical pattern of results emerged for both lifetime PTSD and 12-month PTSD prevalence figures. Implications of these findings for the classification of PTSD and research on its etiology are briefly discussed.     

短期正念减压球对手术患者紧张情绪的影响

目的:探讨短期正念减压球的使用对手术患者紧张情绪的影响。方法:选择2018年12月—2019年2月我院收治的择期行腹腔镜下胆囊切除术胆管探查术的患者100例,随机分观察组和对照组,每组50例。对照组患者运用常规护理,观察组患者给予短期正念减压球的使用辅助正念减压法进行护理。比较两组患者手术前后的血压、心率及匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)评分。结果:术前1 d及初入等候区时,两组患者血压及心率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。初入手术间、术后1 d时,观察组的收缩压和心率均显著低于对照组,其中初入手术间后观察组舒张压显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预后,观察组的匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表评分明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:短期正念减压球的使用能够有效改善手术患者紧张焦虑的情绪状态,也可提高睡眠质量。     

黄文政教授治疗慢性肾脏病患者焦虑抑郁心理状态的临床经验

慢性肾脏病（CKD）缠绵难愈,长期治疗给患者的家庭造成沉重的经济负担,而躯体不适也会导致精神困扰,这些因素作为心理应激源,长时间作用于人体后,出现各种心理-躯体症状。黄文政教授认为“肾阳虚”是其发病之本,在疾病演变过程中,起重要作用。痰蒙、火扰、气郁及血瘀为标。黄教授治疗CKD相关焦虑抑郁,以温补肾阳,疏肝理气以治本,化瘀通络,豁痰开窍以治标,并且在治疗中强调豁痰、泻火、除烦、开窍、解郁、活血的效果。