多囊脂质体-海藻酸钠微球的理化性质及初步稳定性研究

目的:制备蛋白类药物的多囊脂质体-海藻酸钠(MVLs-Alg)微球,并研究其理化性质和初步的稳定性。方法:以牛血清蛋白(BSA)为模型蛋白药物,采用内部/凝胶化法制备MVLs-Alg微球,然后采用差示热分析MVLs-Alg微球中MVLs与Alg之间的关系,以及研究温度(4、25、40℃)对其包封率和基质中磷脂的过氧化值的影响。结果:制备的微球球型度好,MVLs与Alg之间可能发生了相互吸附,放置90d时,4、25、40℃条件下微球包封率分别为85.36%、63.75%、50.49%,磷脂过氧化值随温度升高不断增大,但与MVLs比较变化不明显。结论:所制备的微球明显提高了脂类的稳定性,可用于蛋白质类药物的输送。     

近十年我国茶业知识产权的发展现状

通过文献调查、网络调查以及标准离差法,从专利权、著作权、商标权、地理标志、非物质文化遗产和植物新品种权六个方面构建茶业知识产权评价体系。然后,从实际出发,收集我国2004-2013年十年间茶业知识产权的数据,对我国茶业知识产权发展现状进行综合分析。结果发现近十年我国茶业知识产权综合实力稳步增长,但还存在不少问题,如茶业著作权、商标权、地理标志、非物质文化遗产、植物新品种权的发展不够好。在茶业发明专利权方面,茶处理发明专利申请量最多,且授权率稳定;在茶业实用新型专利方面,茶处理和茶具的申请量很多,且授权率较高;在茶业外观设计专利方面,茶具和茶包装的申请量很多,且授权率较高。最后,根据我国近十年茶业知识产权的发展现状,向政府、企业和研究人员提出了促进我国茶业知识产权发展的系列建议。     

Remote preconditioning,perconditioning, and postconditioning: a comparative study of their cardioprotective properties in rat models

OBJECTIVE:

Ischemia reperfusion injury is partly responsible for the high mortality associated with induced myocardial injury and the reduction in the full benefit of myocardial reperfusion. Remote ischemic preconditioning, perconditioning, and postconditioning have all been shown to be cardioprotective. However, it is still unknown which one is the most beneficial. To examine this issue, we used adult male Wistar rat ischemia reperfusion models to compare the cardioprotective effect of these three approaches applied on double-sided hind limbs.

METHODS:

The rats were randomly distributed to the following five groups: sham, ischemia reperfusion, remote preconditioning, remote perconditioning, and remote post-conditioning. The ischemia/reperfusion model was established by sternotomy followed by a 30-min ligation of the left coronary artery and a subsequent 3-h reperfusion. Remote conditioning was induced with three 5-min ischemia/5-min reperfusion cycles of the double-sided hind limbs using a tourniquet.

RESULTS:

A lower early reperfusion arrhythmia score (1.50±0.97) was found in the rats treated with remote perconditioning compared to those in the ischemia reperfusion group (2.33±0.71). Meanwhile, reduced infarct size was also observed (15.27±5.19% in remote perconditioning, 14.53±3.45% in remote preconditioning, and 19.84±5.85% in remote post-conditioning vs. 34.47±7.13% in ischemia reperfusion, p<0.05), as well as higher expression levels of the apoptosis-relevant protein Bcl-2/Bax following global (ischemia/reperfusion) injury in in vivo rat heart models (1.255±0.053 in remote perconditioning, 1.463±0.290 in remote preconditioning, and 1.461±0.541 in remote post-conditioning vs. 1.003±0.159 in ischemia reperfusion, p<0.05).

CONCLUSION:

Three remote conditioning strategies implemented with episodes of double-sided hind limb ischemia/reperfusion have similar therapeutic potential for cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury, and remote perconditioning has a greater ability to prevent reperfusion arrhythmia.     

四种进口血液透析机性能原理初探

目的:比较4种进口血液透析机的原理和性能参数,找出各自的优点和不足供临床医务工作者和维修工程师参考.方法:学习进口血液透析机的维修手册,参加血液透析机的维修工程师培训,通过实际动手操作而获得维护、维修血液透析机的经验.结果:通过学习培训,了解到贝尔克单泵和双泵(可做血液透析滤过)、金宝单泵和双泵(可做在线血液透析滤过)、贝朗Dialog+单泵和双泵(可做在线血液透析滤过)、费森尤斯单泵和双泵(可做在线血液透析滤过)4种不同的血液透析机其原理各不相同,性能参数也各有差异.结论:学习和掌握这些不同的原理和性能参数,对正确选用、使用、维护和维修血液透析机是有所帮助的     

Dynamic Alterations in Microarchitecture,Mineralization and Mechanical Property of Subchondral Bone in Rat Medial Meniscal Tear Model of Osteoarthritis

Background:

The properties of subchondral bone influence the integrity of articular cartilage in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). However, the characteristics of subchondral bone alterations remain unresolved. The present study aimed to observe the dynamic alterations in the microarchitecture, mineralization, and mechanical properties of subchondral bone during the progression of OA.

Methods:

A medial meniscal tear (MMT) operation was performed in 128 adult Sprague Dawley rats to induce OA. At 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks following the MMT operation, cartilage degeneration was evaluated using toluidine blue O staining, whereas changes in the microarchitecture indices and tissue mineral density (TMD), mineral-to-collagen ratio, and intrinsic mechanical properties of subchondral bone plates (BPs) and trabecular bones (Tbs) were measured using micro-computed tomography scanning, confocal Raman microspectroscopy and nanoindentation testing, respectively.

Results:

Cartilage degeneration occurred and worsened progressively from 2 to 12 weeks after OA induction. Microarchitecture analysis revealed that the subchondral bone shifted from bone resorption early (reduced trabecular BV/TV, trabecular number, connectivity density and trabecular thickness [Tb.Th], and increased trabecular spacing (Tb.Sp) at 2 and 4 weeks) to bone accretion late (increased BV/TV, Tb.Th and thickness of subchondral bone plate, and reduced Tb.Sp at 8 and 12 weeks). The TMD of both the BP and Tb displayed no significant changes at 2 and 4 weeks but decreased at 8 and 12 weeks. The mineral-to-collagen ratio showed a significant decrease from 4 weeks for the Tb and from 8 weeks for the BP after OA induction. Both the elastic modulus and hardness of the Tb showed a significant decrease from 4 weeks after OA induction. The BP showed a significant decrease in its elastic modulus from 8 weeks and its hardness from 4 weeks.

Conclusion:

The microarchitecture, mineralization and mechanical properties of subchondral bone changed in a time-dependent manner as OA progressed.     

我国公立医疗机构产权制度缺陷分析

产权是所有制的核心和主要内容,公立医疗机构固有的一些弊端没有得到根本消关键在于目前公立医疗机构的产权制度存在重大缺陷.该文主要根据产权经济学的有关理论,对目前公立医疗机构的产权主体、产权结构、产权的交易性、产权中使用权和终极所有权关系等情况及由此产生的一些问题进行分析.     

A common neural substrate for perceiving and knowing about color

Functional neuroimaging research has demonstrated that retrieving information about object-associated colors activates the left fusiform gyrus in posterior temporal cortex. Although regions near the fusiform have previously been implicated in color perception, it remains unclear whether color knowledge retrieval actually activates the color perception system. Evidence to this effect would be particularly strong if color perception cortex was activated by color knowledge retrieval triggered strictly with linguistic stimuli. To address this question, subjects performed two tasks while undergoing fMRI. First, subjects performed a property verification task using only words to assess conceptual knowledge. On each trial, subjects verified whether a named color or motor property was true of a named object (e.g., TAXI-yellow, HAIR-combed). Next, subjects performed a color perception task. A region of the left fusiform gyrus that was highly responsive during color perception also showed greater activity for retrieving color than motor property knowledge. These data provide the first evidence for a direct overlap in the neural bases of color perception and stored information about object-associated color, and they significantly add to accumulating evidence that conceptual knowledge is grounded in the brain's modality-specific systems.     

论国有医院产权形式多样化的实现条件

论述阵有医院产权形式多样化的五个实现条件：（１）政府和医院的关系。企业与企业医院的关系改变为市场经济下的平等协商关系；（２）确保国有财产神圣不可侵犯；（３）必须建立以非本院职工社会代表为主体的董事会，医院决策权必须同执行权分离；９４）政府对医院的社会公益性服务要予以扶持和资助，医院继续承担社会福利载体的功能；（５）改革劳动人事制度。     

积极慎重推进产权制度改革是卫生改革的当务之急

在对卫生机构内部运行机制改革历程进行回顾性分析的基础上提出,卫生机构要建立起有责任、有激励、有约束、有竞争、有活力的运行机制,改变卫生机构内部运行机制改革的搁浅状态,必须从人事制度改革突破,而在人事改革方面取得突破,只有推进产权制度改革,产权制度改革是卫生机构内部运行机制改革不可逾越的深水区。与企业相比,我国目前公立卫生机构产权制度具有结构简单、运行复杂的特点,因此,卫生机构产权制度改革不能简单地套用企业的股份制,其含义应是对现有资产的所有权通过严格界定,做到产权清晰、责权明确。随着产权制度改革将建立起一种全新的人事制度;确保政府对卫生事业的福利政策落到实处;可拓展投资渠道,加快卫生事业发展速度;调动职工的积极性、主动性、创造性。对公立卫生机构推进产权制度改革已具备一定的客观条件,积极慎重地推进产权制度改革是卫生改革的当务之急。     

金华广福医院改制后的变化及其可持续发展的思考

介绍了浙江金华广福医院由国有医院转制成为股份制的背景,从产权结构、法人治理结构、固定资产扩张、医院功能转换、业务量及收入、用人及分配机制、医院经营创新、医院声誉等方面论述了医院改制前后的变化。指出,人才是医院可持续发展的原动力,管理是医院可持续发展的推动力,服务是医院可持续发展的依托力,创新是医院可持续发展的提升力。