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101.
Epidermal proliferative diseases consisted of a series of common skin diseases, most of which were recurrent chronic skin diseases, and had greatly negative influence on the life quality of patient. Retinoids exhibited vital roles in the treatment of many skin diseases. Our recent study demonstrated that adapalene significantly inhibited the growth of HaCat cells, and the inhibitory activity was stronger than other retinoids, such as all-trans-retinoic acid, acitretin, isotretinoin, tazarotene, and bexarotene. Further study showed that adapalene suppressed the colony formation of HaCat cells, and it dramatically triggered S-phase arrest and apoptosis, rather than G1 phase arrest which was reported in other retinoids in several studies. Additionally, adapalene treatment greatly upregulated the protein expression of DNA damage marker γ-H2AX, which was in accord with the results of the elongation of tail moment by comet electrophoresis analysis. Moreover, DNA damage was triggered and DNA repair was suppressed synchronously with adapalene treatment, which accounted for the mechanism of S-phase arrest induced by adapalene. In summary, our recent work demonstrated that adapalene showed strong anti-proliferation activity in HaCat cells and could be an alternative agent for the epidermal proliferative disease.  相似文献   
102.
背景 甲硫氨酸能够促进DNA甲基化的发生,DNA甲基化参与疼痛的发生发展和维持。急性炎性痛是临床常见症状,控制不及时会转化成慢性炎性痛,外源性补充甲硫氨酸可能通过调节DNA甲基化参与调节急性炎性痛,改善患者疼痛症状。目的 本研究采用甲醛溶液诱导急性炎性痛模型大鼠,观察注射L-甲硫氨酸(L-MET)是否会减轻大鼠足底急性炎性痛并探讨其机制,以期为寻找新的疼痛生物标志物和开发理想的镇痛新药提供理论依据。方法 2017年7月-2018年12月,将24只健康成年清洁级雄性Sprague-Dawley(SD)大鼠按照随机数字表法分为A组(0.9%氯化钠溶液+0.9%氯化钠溶液组)、B组(L-MET+0.9%氯化钠溶液组)、C组(0.9%氯化钠溶液+2 g/L甲醛溶液组)、D组(L-MET+2 g/L甲醛溶液组),每组6只。B组、D组腹腔注射L-MET,2次/d,总量不超过0.18 mg/kg,连续注射3 d;A组、C组注射等量0.9%氯化钠溶液。C组、D组左后足足跖部皮下注射2 g/L甲醛溶液20 μl,制作甲醛溶液所致急性炎性痛模型,大鼠足部肿胀并会出现相应的抬足舔足行为视为模型制作成功;A组、B组注射等量0.9%氯化钠溶液。全程记录给药后60 min大鼠行为学,并记录疼痛次数,每隔3 min为1个观察时段,共分20个观察时段。行为学检测结束后,将大鼠处死,取脊髓L4~L6之间脊髓组织,检测大鼠脊髓全基因组DNA甲基化水平及大鼠脊髓DNA甲基化转移酶(DNMT)1、DNMT2、DNMT3a、DNMT3b RNA水平。结果 A组、B组大鼠无明显不适异常反应;C组、D组大鼠出现躁动不安、注射足抬起不着地、舔咬或抖动注射足等反应,其疼痛行为反应呈典型的双相变化,从注射后即刻开始,持续3~5 min的急性疼痛时相(第一时相),5~10 min的静息期,随后出现可持续0~45 min的继发性疼痛时相(第二时相)。C组、D组大鼠各时间点疼痛次数均多于A组、B组(P<0.05);D组大鼠6~39 min疼痛次数少于C组(P<0.05)。B组、D组大鼠脊髓全基因组DNA甲基化水平高于A组(P<0.05);C组、D组大鼠脊髓全基因组DNA甲基化水平低于B组(P<0.05);D组大鼠脊髓全基因组DNA甲基化水平高于C组(P<0.05)。C组、D组大鼠脊髓DNMT3a、DNMT3b RNA水平高于A组、B组(P<0.05);D组大鼠脊髓DNMT3a RNA水平低于C组,DNMT3b RNA水平高于C组(P<0.05)。结论 L-MET对于甲醛溶液所致急性炎性痛模型大鼠具有明显镇痛作用,其机制与脊髓全基因组DNA甲基化水平以及DNMT水平的变化有关。  相似文献   
103.
目的 探讨 DNMT1 蛋白是否通过沉默 MEG3 基因诱导视网膜母细胞瘤增殖。方法 通过转染 pcDNA-DNMT1 或si-DNMT1上调或干扰DNMT1的表达水平;通过转染pcDNA-MEG3或si-MEG3上调或干扰MEG3的表达水平;用Western blot检测视网膜母细胞瘤细胞系中DNMT1蛋白表达量;用CCK-8法及EdU法检测细胞的增殖能力;用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测转染后的视网膜母细胞瘤细胞中MEG3表达量的变化;干扰DNMT1表达后,用甲基化特异性PCR检测MEG3基因启动子DNA甲基化水平的变化。结果 视网膜母细胞瘤SO-RB50及HXO-RB44细胞中DNMT1蛋白表达量显著升高(P<0.05)。转染了 pcDNA-DNMT1 的 HXO-RB44 细胞中 DNMT1 蛋白表达增加,细胞增殖能力增加,MEG3 表达量降低;转染了 siRNADNMT1的SO-RB50细胞DNMT1蛋白表达减少,细胞增殖能力降低,MEG3表达量增加(P<0.05)。干扰DNMT1蛋白表达后,MEG3基因启动子DNA甲基化水平降低(P<0.05)。逆转DNMT1蛋白对MEG3基因的调控后,DNMT1蛋白调控RB细胞增殖的能力减弱(P<0.05)。结论 在视网膜母细胞瘤细胞中,DNMT1蛋白表达的上调,诱导了MEG3基因启动子DNA甲基化失活,最终导致细胞异常增殖。  相似文献   
104.
目的:观察吸入麻醉药七氟醚对HT22小鼠海马神经元细胞DNA的损伤,阐明七氟醚诱导脑神经毒性的可能机制。方法:HT22小鼠海马神经元细胞随机分为空白对照组、2%七氟醚组(2%Sevo 6 h组、2%Sevo 12 h组和2%Sevo 24 h组)、4%七氟醚组(4%Sevo 6 h组、4%Sevo 12 h组和4%Sevo 24 h组)和8%七氟醚组(8%Sevo 6 h组、8%Sevo 12 h组和8%Sevo 24 h组),应用四甲基偶氮唑盐比色(MTT)法和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)法分别检测各组HT22小鼠海马神经元细胞存活率和死亡率。根据实验结果将细胞分为生理盐水组、生理盐水+4%Sevo 12 h组、生理盐水+8%Sevo 12 h组、N-乙酰半胱氨酸组(NAC组)、NAC+4%Sevo 12 h组和NAC+8%Sevo 12 h组。采用MTT法和LDH法分别检测NAC预处理后各组HT22小鼠海马神经元细胞存活率和死亡率;应用单细胞凝胶电泳检测各组HT22小鼠海马神经元细胞DNA双链断裂情况;Western blotting法检测各组HT22小鼠海马神经元细胞中DNA损伤相关蛋白8-OHdG、ATM、p-ATM和γ-H2AX表达量;DCFH-DA法检测各组HT22小鼠海马神经元细胞中活性氧(ROS)水平。结果:与空白对照组比较,2%Sevo组HT22小鼠海马神经元细胞存活率和死亡率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);4%Sevo组和8%Sevo组HT22小鼠海马神经元细胞存活率降低(P<0.01),死亡率升高(P<0.01)。与4%Sevo组比较,同一时间8%Sevo组HT22小鼠海马神经元细胞存活率降低(P<0.05),死亡率升高(P<0.05)。与4%Sevo 6 h组比较,4%Sevo 12 h组和4%Sevo 24 h组HT22小鼠海马神经元细胞存活率降低(P<0.05),死亡率升高(P<0.05);与4%Sevo 12 h组比较,4%Sevo 24 h组HT22小鼠海马神经元细胞存活率降低(P<0.05),死亡率升高(P<0.05)。与8%Sevo 6 h组比较,8%Sevo 12 h组和8%Sevo 24 h组HT22小鼠海马神经元细胞存活率降低(P<0.05),死亡率升高(P<0.05);与8%Sevo 12 h组比较,8%Sevo 24 h组HT22小鼠海马神经元细胞存活率降低(P<0.05),死亡率升高(P<0.05)。与生理盐水组比较,生理盐水+4%Sevo 12 h组和生理盐水+8%Sevo 12 h组HT22小鼠海马神经元细胞内DNA双链断裂增多,DNA损伤相关蛋白8-OHdG、ATM、p-ATM和γ-H2AX表达量增加、ROS水平升高(P<0.05)。与生理盐水+4%Sevo 12 h组比较,NAC+4%Sevo 12 h组HT22小鼠海马神经元细胞存活率升高(P<0.01),死亡率降低(P<0.01),细胞中DNA双链断裂减少,DNA损伤相关蛋白8-OHdG、ATM、p-ATM和γ-H2AX表达量减少,海马神经元细胞中ROS水平明显降低(P<0.05);与生理盐水+8%Sevo 12 h组比较,NAC+8%Sevo 12 h组HT22小鼠海马神经元细胞存活率升高(P<0.01),死亡率降低(P<0.01),细胞中DNA双链断裂减少,DNA损伤相关蛋白8-OHdG、ATM、p-ATM和γ-H2AX表达量减少,海马神经元细胞中ROS水平明显降低(P<0.05)。结论:七氟醚能够通过诱导DNA损伤导致HT22小鼠海马神经元细胞死亡,其机制可能与诱导海马神经元细胞中ROS积聚有关。  相似文献   
105.
BackgroundObesity affects the pathogenesis of various chronic diseases, including asthma. Research on correlations between obesity/BMI and eosinophilic inflammation in asthma has yielded contradictory results, which could be partly ascribed to the absence of epidemiological data on the correlations. We aimed to elucidate the correlations between blood eosinophil count, its genetic backgrounds, and BMI in the general population.MethodsThis community-based Nagahama study in Japan enrolled 9789 inhabitants. We conducted self-reporting questionnaires, lung function tests, and blood tests in the baseline and 5-year follow-up studies. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed in 4650 subjects at the baseline and in 4206 of these at the follow-up to determine single-nucleotide polymorphisms for elevated blood eosinophil counts. We assessed the correlations between BMI and eosinophil counts using a multifaceted approach, including the cluster analysis.ResultsEosinophil counts positively correlated with BMI, observed upon the interchange of an explanatory variable, except for subjects with the highest quartile of eosinophils (≥200/μL), in whom BMI negatively correlated with eosinophil counts. GWAS and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) imputation identified rs4713354 variant (MDC1 on chromosome 6p21) for elevated eosinophil counts, independent of BMI and IgE. Rs4713354 was accumulated in a cluster characterized by elevated eosinophil counts (mean, 498 ± 178/μL) but normal BMI.ConclusionsEpidemiologically, there may be a positive association between blood eosinophil counts and BMI in general, but there was a negative correlation in the population with high eosinophil counts. Factors other than BMI, particularly genetic backgrounds, may contribute to elevated eosinophil counts in such populations.  相似文献   
106.
ABSTRACT

Introduction: The use of liquid biopsy on the blood from solid malignancies provides a convenient way of detecting actionable mutations, monitoring treatment response, detecting early recurrence and prognosticating outcomes. The aim of this review is to discuss the current status and future direction of serum biomarkers in the clinical management of urinary bladder cancer.

Areas covered: This review provides an overview of blood liquid biopsy and bladder cancer using methods of circulating tumors cells, circulating RNA, serum metabolites and cell-free DNA. Recent clinical studies and advances in methodology are emphasized. We performed a literature search using PMC/PubMed with keywords including ‘liquid biopsy’, ‘circulating tumor DNA’, ‘cell-free DNA’, ‘biomarkers’, ‘bladder cancer’ ‘precision medicine’. Additional articles were obtained from the cited references of key articles. An emphasis was placed on recent studies published since 2018.

Expert opinion: Liquid biopsies represent a potential biomarker using cell-free DNA, metabolomic profiles of altered cellular metabolism, circulating cancer cells and RNA. Despite displaying tremendous clinical promise, the current status of the blood liquid biopsies has not reached fruition. However, future investigations should lead the evolution of liquid biomarker into clinical utility for the management of bladder cancer.  相似文献   
107.
目的: 探讨在不同钙离子浓度下电压门控钠离子通道(NaV)1.2与钙调蛋白(CaM)的结合,并分析CaM的钙离子结合位点突变后与NaV1.2结合能力的变化。方法: 应用PCR技术构建NaV1.2蛋白片段异亮氨酸-谷胺酰胺(IQ)基序的cDNA,采用QIAGEN点突变技术构建CaM突变体(CaM12、CaM34、CaM1234),应用牵出(pull-down)试验技术检测有钙(100 nmol/L钙离子浓度)和无钙条件下NaV1.2 IQ与CaM及其突变体(CaM12、CaM34、CaM1234)的结合情况。结果: CaM与NaV1.2 IQ在无钙和有钙情况下均可互相结合,而单独重组谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(GST)不具有与CaM结合的能力。无钙条件下CaM与NaV1.2 IQ的结合量大于有钙条件下两者的结合量(P < 0.05);无钙条件下,CaM野生型与NaV1.2 IQ结合量大于CaM突变体与NaV1.2 IQ的结合量,其中CaM1234的结合能力在三个突变体中最弱(P < 0.05)。结论: CaM及其突变体对NaV1.2 IQ的结合具有钙离子依赖性,这一CaM调控NaV1.2新机制为离子通道疾病研究提供了一定依据。  相似文献   
108.
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are ubiquitous and prolific contaminant in both the abiotic and biotic environment because of the wide industrial applications of these chemicals. In the present study, the effects of 2,2′,4,4′‐tetrabrominateddiphenyl ether (BDE‐47) and 2,2′,4,4′,5,5′‐hexabromodiphenyl ether (BDE‐153) exposure on the induction of hepatic oxidative stress, DNA damage, and the expression of apoptosis‐related genes in adult zebrafish were investigated. The activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as catalase and superoxide dimutase, significantly increased when adult zebrafish was exposed to various concentrations of BDE‐47 and BDE‐153 for 7 and 15 days. BDE‐47 and BDE‐153 elicited significant alterations in zebrafish 7‐Ethoxyresorufin‐O‐deethylase activity at 3, 7, or 15 days of exposure. In addition, the significant increase in comet assay parameters of zebrafish hepatocytes in a concentration‐dependent manner indicated BDE‐47 and BDE‐153 induced DNA damage, probably due to observed oxidative stress. Furthermore, a monotonically upregulation of p53 and Caspase3, which are apoptotic‐regulated genes, and decreased expression ratio of the anti‐apoptotic B‐cell lymphoma/leukaemia‐2 and Bcl2‐associated X protein genes for all BDE‐47 and BDE‐153 treatments at 7 and 15 days indicated apoptosis induction in zebrafish liver. Our findings help elucidate the mechanisms of BDE‐47‐ and BDE‐153‐induced toxicity in zebrafish hepatocytes.  相似文献   
109.
目的了解DNA修复基因在接受以铂类药物为基础化疗的非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者中不同病理类型的预后价值。 方法应用免疫组织化学技术检测121例NSCLC铂类药物化疗患者石蜡包埋病灶组织中多聚ADP-核糖聚合酶基因1(PARP1),切除修复交叉互补基因1(ERCC1),错配修复同源型2基因(MSH2),乳腺癌易感基因1(BRCA1)表达状态。分析NSCLC患者DNA修复基因的表达与临床病理特征之间的关系。并通过生存分析判断DNA修复基因的表达在不同病理类型中NSCLC化疗患者中的预后价值及是否为独立的预后指标。 结果ERCC1、PARP1、BRCA1、MSH2在非小细胞肺癌的表达均未显示与患者的性别、年龄、吸烟指数、临床TNM分期的相关性(P均>0.05)。在NSCLC腺癌组中ERCC1、PARP1、BRCA1、MSH2均不是判断预后的独立因素(P均>0.05)。鳞癌组中ERCC1、PARP1是预后判断独立因素(P=0.019,0.031)。 结论ERCC1、PARP1是基于铂类药物化疗的非小细胞肺鳞癌患者独立的预后指标。  相似文献   
110.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can act not only as tumor suppressor genes but also as oncogenes. Oncogenic miRNAs (oncomiRs) could therefore provide opportunities for the treatment of human malignancies. Here, we aimed to identify oncomiRs present in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and addressed whether targeting these miRNAs might be useful in treatment for cancer. Functional screening for oncomiRs in a human OSCC cell line (GFP‐SAS) was carried out using the miRCURY LNA microRNA Knockdown Library – Human version 12.0. We identified a locked nucleic acid (LNA)/DNA antisense oligonucleotide against miR‐361‐3p (LNA‐miR‐361‐3p) which showed the largest degree of growth inhibition of GFP‐SAS cells. Transfection with a synthetic mimic of mature miR‐361‐3p resulted in an approximately 20% increase in the growth of GFP‐SAS cells. We identified odd‐skipped related 2 (OSR2) as a miR‐361‐3p target gene. Transfection of GFP‐SAS cells with LNA‐miR‐361‐3p caused a significant increase in the expression levels of OSR2. Cotransfection of a OSR2 3′‐UTR luciferase reporter plasmid and LNA‐miR‐361‐3p into GFP‐SAS cells produced higher levels of luciferase activity than in cells cotransfected with the LNA‐nontarget. We assessed the effect of LNA‐miR‐361‐3p on the in vivo growth of GFP‐SAS cells. We found that LNA‐miR‐361‐3p significantly reduced the size of s.c. xenografted GFP‐SAS tumors, compared to the control group treated with LNA‐NT. Finally, we observed that miR‐361‐3p is overexpressed in OSCC tissues. These results suggest that miR‐361‐3p supports the growth of human OSCC cells both in vitro and in vivo and that targeting miR‐361‐3p could be a useful therapeutic approach for patients with OSCC.  相似文献   
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