交泰丸有效部位自微乳系统的体内外评价

目的:对交泰丸有效部位自微乳化释药系统质量及大鼠在体肠吸收进行评价。方法:考察交泰丸有效部位自微乳液的外观、自微乳化后微乳粒径分布、外观、形态、类型、自乳化时间、药物含量及自微乳、微乳化后的稳定性;以黄连总碱为指标,运用大鼠在体肠回流模型,分析比较交泰丸有效部位制备自微乳前后对大鼠在体肠吸收的改善。结果:交泰丸有效部位自微乳化后微乳平均粒径为34.12 nm,可在3 min内基本乳化完全;自微乳液在室温下放置3个月较稳定;自微乳化后的微乳液在37℃下0.1 mol.L-1HCl溶液中放置8 h,交泰丸有效部位自微乳液与有效部位溶液剂比较,黄连总碱在体肠灌流液中的相对剩余百分含量(T)和表观吸收速率常数(Ka)值均获得明显提高(P0.01),前者的Ka是后者的152.6%。结论:自微乳化给药系统能显著改善交泰丸有效部位中黄连总碱大鼠小肠吸收,增加肉桂油在制剂中的稳定性。适合难溶性和难吸收药物的口服吸收,提高其生物利用度,是具有良好应用前景的中药制剂新剂型。     

Improved oral bioavailability of febuxostat by liquid self-micro emulsifying drug delivery system in capsule shells

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索拉非尼自微乳化给药系统的制备及药物动力学研究(英文)

索拉非尼(Sorafenib)是一种新型抗肿瘤药物,但其在水中难溶,生物利用度低。为了增加索拉非尼的生物利用度,本研究制备了索拉非尼自微乳化给药系统,并以大鼠为实验动物测定了该给药系统的口服相对生物利用度。该给药系统以油酸乙酯(20%,w/w)为油相,聚氧乙烯蓖麻油(48%,w/w)为主要乳化剂,聚乙二醇400(16%,w/w)和乙醇(16%,w/w)为助乳化剂,索拉非尼的终浓度为20 mg/mL。该制剂自微乳化后粒径为20-25 nm。与索拉非尼混悬液相比,自微乳化给药系统可以显著增加索拉非尼的AUC,C_(max)和MRT,降低清除率,T_(max)没有明显变化。尤其是与口服混悬液相比,其相对生物利用度提高近25倍,说明索拉非尼自微乳化给药系统有望开发成为增加其口服吸收的药物制剂。     

Enhanced Oral Absorption of Paclitaxel in a Novel Self-Microemulsifying Drug Delivery System with or Without Concomitant Use of P-Glycoprotein Inhibitors

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of paclitaxel in a novel self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) for improved oral administration with or without P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitors. METHODS: Paclitaxel SMEDDS formulation was optimized, in terms of droplet size and lack of drug precipitation following aqueous dilution, using a ternary phase diagram. Physicochemical properties of paclitaxel SMEDDS and its resulting microemulsions were evaluated. The plasma concentrations of paclitaxel were determined using a HPLC method following paclitaxel microemulsion administrations at various doses in rats. RESULTS: Following 1:10 aqueous dilution of optimal paclitaxel SMEDDS, the droplet size of resulting microemulsions was 2.0 +/- 0.4 nm, and the zeta potential was -45.5 +/- 0.5 mV. Compared to Taxol, the oral bioavailability of paclitaxel SMEDDS increased by 28.6% to 52.7% at various doses. There was a significant improvement in area under the curve (AUC) and time above therapeutic level (0.1 microM) of paclitaxel SMEDDS as compared to those of Taxol following coadministration of both formulations with 40 mg cyclosporin A (CsA)/kg. The oral absorption of paclitaxel SMEDDS slightly enhanced following coadministration of tacrolimus and etoposide, but plasma drug concentrations did not reach the therapeutic level. The nonlinear pharmacokinetic trend was not modified after paclitaxel was formulated in SMEDDS. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that SMEDDS is a promising novel formulation to enhance the oral bioavailability of paclitaxel, especially when coadministered with a suitable P-gp inhibitor, such as CsA.     

灯盏花素自微乳化释药系统的制备及特性研究

目的 研究灯盏花素自微乳化释药系统的处方及特性.方法 通过溶解度试验、处方配伍和伪三相图的绘制,筛选油相、表面活性剂、助表面活性剂的最佳搭配和配比.并对灯盏花素自微乳化释药系统的理化性质、体外溶出度和大鼠在体肠吸收情况进行了测定.结果 灯盏花素自微乳化最终优化处方为:Maisine 35-1、Cremo-phor RH40、PEG400、TEA比例为25:40:35:7.灯盏花素自微乳化释药系统的粒径为88.6 nm,在1 h时体外溶出率达到97.8%,约是灯盏花素原料药的8.0倍,是灯盏仡索片刺的5.1倍.大鼠在体肠吸收灯盏花素自微乳化释药系统的肠壁通透系数分别是灯盏花素原料的3.4倍,灯盏花素片剂的3.3倍.结论 所制备的灯盏花素自微乳化释药系统促进了灯盏花素的溶出和吸收,为灯盏花素的新制剂开发提供了实验依据.     

自微乳载药系统(SMEDDS)用于丹参酮的增溶及吸收研究

目的:考察自微乳载药系统(SMEDDS)对丹参酮的增溶和吸收的影响,以指导丹参酮SMEDDS处方的选择。方法:紫外分光光度法测定SMEDDS溶液中丹参总酮的溶解度,采用大鼠在体小肠吸收模型考察丹参酮SMEDDS的吸收。结果:丹参总酮在SMEDDS溶液中的溶解度是水中的10倍,胶束中的2.5倍,且SMEDDS处方中油相(中链甘油三酸酯,MCT)比例增加,溶解度增加;丹参酮SMEDDS和胶束的吸收常数Ka分别为0.479,0.326h-1,t1/2分别为1.44,2.12h,SMEDDS处方中油相(MCT)比例增加,吸收增加。结论:SMEDDS能显著增加丹参酮的溶解度和在大鼠小肠的吸收,且SMEDDS处方中MCT能促进丹参酮的增溶和吸收。     

Preparation and pharmacokinetics evaluation of oral self-emulsifying system for poorly water-soluble drug Lornoxicam

Abstract

The present work was performed aiming to develop a new solid self-emulsifying system (SMEDDS) for poorly water-soluble drug Lornoxicam and evaluate the bioavailability in Wister rats by oral gavage. Liquid SMEDDS of Lornoxicam was formulated with Labrafil M 1944 CS as oil phase, Kolliphor HS 15 as a surfactant and Transcutol HP as a cosurfactant after screening various vehicles. The microemulsion system selected from the phase diagram and optimized by central composite design (CCD) response surface method was transformed into solid-SMEDDS (S-SMEDDS) by lyophilization using sucrose as cryoprotectant. The formulations were further characterized by the particle size, poly dispersity index (PDI), self-emulsifying time, zeta potential, transmission electron microscope (TEM), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), in vitro drug release and in vivo pharmacokinetics. Results of DSC studies confirmed that the drug was incorporated in the S-SMEDDS. The in vitro drug release from Lornoxicam SMEDDS was found to be greatly higher in comparison with that from the commercial tablets. It was indicated that SMEDDS might be effective in reducing the effect of pH variability of Lornoxicam and improving the release performance of Lornoxicam. HPLC system was applied to study the concentration of Lornoxicam in the plasma of the Wister rats after oral administration of Lornoxicam SMEDDS and Lornoxicam commercial tablets. The pharmacokinetics parameters of the rats were C_max 1065.91?±?224.90 and 1855.22?±?748.25?ngmL^?1, T_max were 2.5?±?0.4?h and 1.8?±?0.5?h, and AUC_0～t were 5316.35?±?323.62 and 7758.07?±?241.57?ngmL^?1?h, respectively. Calculated by AUC_0～∞, the relative bioavailability of Lornoxicam S-SMEDDS was 151.69?±?15.32%. It suggested that this S-SMEDDS could be used as a successful oral solid dosage form to improve the solubility and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drug Lornoxicam as well.     

玳玳黄酮自微乳化软胶囊制备过程药效成分转移率考察

目的 针对玳玳总黄酮有效部位多组分特性,基于HPLC特征图谱研究玳玳黄酮自微乳化软胶囊制备过程中的药效成分转移率。方法 采用HPLC特征图谱法,色谱柱为Lichrocart C₁₈(250 mm×4.0 mm,5 μm);流动相为甲醇-0.1%的磷酸水溶液(梯度洗脱);流速1.0 mL·min^-1;检测波长284 nm;柱温30 ℃。结果 玳玳黄酮自微乳化软胶囊制备工艺过程中8个共有峰的转移率为80.55%~95.93%,其中主要特征成分柚皮苷和新橙皮苷迁移率均>95%,各药效成分群整体迁移相似度>0.999。结论　玳玳黄酮自微乳化软胶囊制备工艺能够比较完整的保留玳玳总黄酮提取物的整体药效部位成分群。     

单纯形网格法优化设计姜黄素-胡椒碱复方自微乳制剂处方

该研究的目的在于制备姜黄素-胡椒碱复方自微乳给药系统(Cur-PIP-SMEDDS),并对其质量进行评价。该研究通过选择合适的油相、表面活性剂和助表面活性剂,以姜黄素和胡椒碱为模型药物,采用单纯形网格法优化设计Cur-PIPSMEDDS处方;以乳剂的载药量、平均粒径为评价指标,通过Design Expert 8.06软件进行试验设计和模型构建,响应面数据分析优化和验证最佳处方组成。通过观察微乳外观和微观形态并测定其粒径、电位、包封率及载药量对其进行质量评价。结果显示优化得Cur-PIP-SMEDDS最佳处方为丙二醇单辛酸酯(Capryol 90)-聚氧乙烯氢化蓖麻油(Cremophor RH40)-二乙二醇单乙基醚(Transcutol HP)(10∶60∶30),所形成的微乳外观澄清、透明,呈圆球型,粒径分布均匀,平均粒径为(15.33±0.80)nm,姜黄素和胡椒碱的载药量分别为40.90,0.97 mg·g-1,包封率分别为94.98%,90.96%。研究表明Cur-PIP-SMEDDS可以显著改善姜黄素的水溶性和稳定性,有望提高姜黄素的口服生物利用度,以期为其剂型开发提供新的思路和方法,进而促进其在临床上的应用。     

Formulation design for poorly water-soluble drugs based on biopharmaceutics classification system: basic approaches and practical applications

The poor oral bioavailability arising from poor aqueous solubility should make drug research and development more difficult. Various approaches have been developed with a focus on enhancement of the solubility, dissolution rate, and oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. To complete development works within a limited amount of time, the establishment of a suitable formulation strategy should be a key consideration for the pharmaceutical development of poorly water-soluble drugs. In this article, viable formulation options are reviewed on the basis of the biopharmaceutics classification system of drug substances. The article describes the basic approaches for poorly water-soluble drugs, such as crystal modification, micronization, amorphization, self-emulsification, cyclodextrin complexation, and pH modification. Literature-based examples of the formulation options for poorly water-soluble compounds and their practical application to marketed products are also provided. Classification of drug candidates based on their biopharmaceutical properties can provide an indication of the difficulty of drug development works. A better understanding of the physicochemical and biopharmaceutical properties of drug substances and the limitations of each delivery option should lead to efficient formulation development for poorly water-soluble drugs.