青光眼患者构成特点的统计学研究

目的：探讨门诊青光眼的疾病构成与年龄、性别分布及其变化特点，并与住院青光眼患者调查资料对比，分析其差异原因，为青光眼的防治研究提供新的流行病学资料。方法调查535例门诊青光眼患者的年龄、性别分布及不同类型青光眼的构成比等特点，并与本院近5年住院患者的调查结果进行比较。结果原发性闭角型青光眼274例、开角型青光眼108例、继发性青光眼93例、先天性青光眼60例，分别占门诊青光眼患者总数的51.21%、20.19%、17.39%和11.21%；其男女比例分别为1∶1.88、3.5∶1、2.44∶1和1∶1.07；原发性青光眼的构成比例中，PACG与POAG之比为2.54∶1。结论原发性闭角型青光眼和继发性青光眼仍为主要类型，且随着年龄增长，发病率有逐渐增高的趋势，是今后防盲致盲工作的两个重点。     

A scoping review of patients' barriers to eye care for glaucoma and keratitis

In this scoping review, we examine underlying causes of loss to follow-up for chronic (glaucoma) and acute (corneal ulcers) eye conditions using the Penchansky and Thomas access to care framework. We explore barriers by World Health Organization income levels and by studying geographical location. We identified 6,363 abstracts, with 75 articles retrieved and 16 meeting inclusion criteria. One article discussed barriers to follow-up care for people with corneal ulcers, and the other 15 were for people with glaucoma. The most frequent barriers to care were affordability, awareness, and accessibility. The international studies had a greater percentage of studies report acceptability as a barrier to loss to follow-up. Countries with universal healthcare included affordability as a loss to follow-up barrier, emphasizing that cost goes beyond the ability to pay for direct treatment costs. Understanding and addressing barriers to follow-up care can aid the goal of continued care and decrease the risk of poor outcomes and vision loss.     

Topical glaucoma medications – Clinical implications for the ocular surface

Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness. The use of topical eye drops to reduce intraocular pressure remains the mainstay treatment. These eye drops frequently contain preservatives designed to ensure sterility of the compound. A growing number of clinical and experimental studies report the detrimental effects of not only these preservatives but also the active pharmaceutical compounds on the ocular surface, with resultant tear film instability and dry eye disease. Herein, we critically appraise the published literature exploring the effects of preservatives and pharmaceutical compounds on the ocular surface.     

原发性开角性青光眼与高度近视的相关性

目的 探索原发性开角性青光眼(POGA)与高度近视患者的临床特点及其相关性。 方法 回顾性分析57例(98眼)POGA和59例(97眼)非POGA患者的近视状况及其相关性。比较两组患者的近视率和在不同视力的情况下患者眼底4个象限平均光敏感度。 结果 两组高度近视、中低度近视和正常视力情况的分布差异有统计学意义(Z=-5.424,P<0.001); POGA组近视率(77.56%)明显高于非POAG组(63.92%),组间差异有统计学意义(χ²=4.380,P<0.05)。POAG组的高度近视率(25.51%)明显高于非POAG组(9.28%),组间差异有统计学意义(χ²=8.922,P<0.05)。在不同视力水平的情况下,POAG组患者眼底4个象限平均光敏感度均差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。POAG组中,高度近视和中低度近视患者的眼压与角膜厚度和眼轴长度之间存在显著的相关关系(r₁=0.262、0.224;r₂=0.183、0.167;均P<0.05);非POAG组中,高度近视患者的眼压与角膜厚度和眼轴长度之间存在显著的相关关系(r₁=0.206;r₂=0.135;均P<0.05)。 结论 POGA与高度近视具有较高的相关性,POAG患者同时伴有高度近视的发生率较高。     

超声乳化联合小梁切除术治疗青光眼合并白内障患者的效果

目的:探讨超声乳化联合小梁切除术治疗青光眼合并白内障患者的效果。方法:选取86例(95眼)青光眼合并白内障患者作为研究对象,按随机数字表法将其分为对照组43例(47眼)与观察组43例(48眼)。对照组采用小梁切除术联合丝裂霉素C治疗,观察组采用超声乳化联合小梁切除术治疗,比较两组手术前后视力水平、眼压水平和并发症发生率。结果:观察组术后1、6个月视力水平均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组术后1、6个月眼压水平均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组术后并发症发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:超声乳化联合小梁切除术治疗青光眼合并白内障患者可提高视力水平,降低眼压水平和并发症发生率,其效果优于小梁切除术联合丝裂霉素C治疗。