原苏木素A对心脏移植后大鼠T淋巴细胞亚群的影响

目的探讨苏木醇提单体原苏木素A对心脏移植后大鼠T淋巴细胞亚群的免疫抑制和对心肌的保护作用。方法应用大鼠腹腔同种异位心脏移植模型。实验分为原苏木素A组、环孢素组、对照组A（手术不给药组）、对照组B（不给药不手术组）。术前2天给药,术后第7天采血,应用流式细胞仪检测外周血T淋巴细胞亚群的变化,并检测心肌组织的病理改变。结朵与心脏移植对照组比较,原苏木素A组、环孢素A组术后3天和7天时均减轻心脏移植后急性排斥反应所引起的心肌病理损害（P〈0．01）;与对照组B相比较,对照组ACD4^＋／CD8^＋明显升高（P〈0．01）,环孢索A组、原苏木素A组则可抑制CD4^＋／CD8^＋的升高。结论苏木醇提单体原苏木素A对心脏移植后发生的急性免疫排斥反应有明显的抑制作用,对心肌有明显的保护作用。     

苦石莲对CCl4所致小鼠急性肝损伤保护作用研究

目的：研究苦石莲对四氯化碳（CCl4）所致小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用。方法：用苦石莲预防性给药若干天后,用CCl4所致肝损伤模型为研究对象,检测小鼠血清ALT、AST及肝脏系数等指标。结果：苦石莲能抑制小鼠急性肝损伤血清ALT、AST的含量和肝脏系数的升高（P〈0．01,P〈0．05）。结论：苦石莲对CCl4所致小鼠急性肝损伤具有一定保护作用。     

Antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of ethanolic extract of Caesalpinia bonducella seeds

The aim of this study was to assess the in vitro potential of ethanolic extract of Caesalpinia bonducella seeds as a natural antioxidant. The DPPH activity of the extract (20, 40, 50, 100 and 200 μg/ml) was increased in a dose dependent manner, which was found in the range of 38.93–74.77% as compared to ascorbic acid (64.26–82.58%). The IC₅₀ values of ethanolic extract and ascorbic acid in DPPH radical scavenging assay were obtained to be 74.73 and 26.68 μg/ml, respectively. The ethanolic extract was also found to scavenge the superoxide generated by EDTA/NBT system. Measurement of total phenolic content of the ethanolic extract of C. bonducella was achieved using Folin–Ciocalteau reagent containing 62.50 mg/g of phenolic content, which was found significantly higher when compared to reference standard gallic acid. The ethanolic extract also inhibited the hydroxyl radical, nitric oxide, superoxide anions with IC₅₀ values of 109.85, 102.65 and 89.84 μg/ml, respectively. However, the IC₅₀ values for the standard ascorbic acid were noted to be 70.79, 65.98 and 36.68 μg/ml respectively. The results obtained in this study clearly indicate that C. bonducella has a significant potential to use as a natural antioxidant agent.     

In vivo immunomodulatory activities of the aqueous extract of bonduc nut Caesalpinia bonducella seeds

This study evaluated the in vivo immunomodulatory activities of the aqueous extract of Caesalpinia bonducella Fleming (Caesalpiniaceae) seeds. C. bonducella is a plant widely used in the traditional medicinal systems of India. In the present investigation, the aqueous extract of C. bonducella seeds was tested for its effect on cell mediated and humoral components of the immune system in rats. Administration of C. bonducella seed extract produced an increase of 93.03?±?4 mean hemagglutinating antibody (HA) titer and a change of 0.56?±?0.058?mm in delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) as compared to control at a dose of 400?mg/kg body weight. Thus, the results of this study indicate that C. bonducella extract could be a promising immunostimulatory agent.     

苏木中高异黄酮类成分对大鼠离体胸主动脉环的舒张作用

目的:研究苏木药材主要成分高异黄酮类成分对大鼠离体胸主动脉环的舒张作用.方法:采用大鼠胸主动脉环张力测定法,观察苏木中4个高异黄酮类成分:巴西苏木素(brazlin,1)、(E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)-7-hydroxychroman-4-one(2)、苏木酮B(sappanone B,3 )、去氧苏木酮B(3-deoxysappaJlone B,4)(50～1 000μmol·L~(-1))对由苯肾上腺素(PE)和氯化钾(KCl)预收缩的大鼠离体胸主动脉环的舒张作用.结果:4个高异黄酮类成分均能舒张由PE和KCl预收缩的内皮完整的血管环;除变异的高异黄酮类成分巴西苏木素(1)外,高异黄酮类成分(2,3,4)也可显著舒张由PE和Kcl预收缩的内皮去除的血管环;而内皮抑制剂(L-NNA)和亚甲蓝(MB)可以抑制变异高异黄酮类成分巴西苏木素的舒血管作用.结论:正常高异黄酮类成分的舒血管作用可能是非内皮依赖性的,而变异的高异黄酮类成分的舒血管作用是内皮依赖性的,并提示可能由一氧化氮-环磷酸鸟苷(NO-cGMP)通路介导.研究结果一定程度上解释了苏木的药理作用.     

Anti-inflammatory activities of flavonoids isolated from Caesalpinia pulcherrima

The anti-inflammatory activities of five flavonoids, namely 5,7-dimethoxyflavanone (1), 5,7-dimethoxy-3′,4′-methylenedioxyflavanone (2), isobonducellin (3), 2′-hydroxy-2,3,4′,6′-tetramethoxychalcone (4) and bonducellin (5), all of them isolated from Caesalpinia pulcherrima L. was studied in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon (IFN)-γ activated murine peritoneal macrophages. These five compounds significantly and dose-dependently inhibited the inflammatory mediators; nitric oxide (NO), and cytokines [tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- and interleukin (IL)-12]. According to their inhibitory results, the order of anti-inflammatory potency was compounds 3 > 5 > 4 > 2 > 1. Furthermore, peritoneal macrophages were pre-activated with LPS/IFN-γ for 24 h, and determined the inhibitory effects of the above-mentioned isolates on the production of NO after a further 24 h. The present study supports the use of Caesalpinia pulcherrima for the treatment of inflammatory diseases in traditional medicine. This is the first study on compounds 1–5 about their anti-inflammatory activities.     

Three new cassane diterpenes from the seeds of Caesalpinia minax Hance

Three new cassane-diterpene-lactones, methyl 1α,7β-diacetoxy-5α,12α-dihydroxy-cass-13(15)-en-16,12-olide-17β-carboxylate (1), methyl 7β-acetoxy-1α,5α,12α-trihydroxy-cass-13(15)-en-16,12-olide-17β-carboxylate (2), and 12α-ethoxyl-1α,6α,7β-triacetoxy-5α,14β-dihydroxy-cass-13(15)-en-16,12-olide (3), were isolated from the seeds of Caesalpinia minax Hance. Their structures were established on the basis of HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectral analysis.     

Chemical constituents from heartwoods of Caesalpinia sappan with antiplatelet aggregation activities

Objective:To clarify the active constituents of the heartwoods of Caesalpinia sappan,a traditional Chinese medicine with the functions of promoting blood circulation(Huoxue in Chinese) and removing blood stasis(Quyu in Chinese).Methods:The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by combination of silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography,along with semipreparative HPLC.Their chemical structures were established by multiple spectroscopic methods and comparison with literature data.The in vitro antiplatelet aggregation activities were evaluated using mouse platelet induced by AYPGKF-NH2,a gold agonist of protease-activated receptor 4(PAR4).Results:Two new phenols,methyl 2-(4,4',5'-trihydroxy-2'-(methoxymethyl) biphenyl-2-yloxy) acetate(1)and 1'-methylcaesalpin J(2),together with 24 known compounds(3-26),were isolated from the heartwoods of C.sappan.Among them,sappanchalcone(16) and brazilin(20) showed inhibitory activities against mouse platelet aggregation with IC50 values of 114.8 μmol/L and 100.8 μmol/L,respectively.Conclusion:Antiplatelet compounds from C.sappan targeting at PAR4 are reported for the first time.     

Phenolic compounds from the twigs and leaves of Tara (Caesalpinia spinosa)

Two new homoisoflavans, 4′-hydroxy-7-methoxy-3-benzyl-2H-chromene (1) and 3,4-cis-di-O-3-hydroxy-7-methoxy-3-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-4-ethoxychroman (2), one new coumarin, 7-methoxy-3-(4-hydroxybenzyl)coumarin (4), together with seven known phenolic compounds, bonducellin (3), anemarcoumarin A (5), (+)-syringaresinol (6), curuilignan D (7), scopoletin (8), and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (9), were isolated from Tara (Caesalpinia spinosa Kuntze). The structures of the new compounds were characterized from their 1D and 2D NMR spectral data. All the compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time.     

苏木的化学成分研究

目的研究苏木Caesalpinia sappan的化学成分。方法采用硅胶、葡聚糖凝胶Sephadex LH-20柱色谱、半制备液相色谱等方法分离纯化,通过理化性质、波谱数据及与对照品共薄层色谱鉴定化合物结构。结果从苏木心材95%乙醇提取物的石油醚萃取部位分离并鉴定了11个化合物,分别为1-羟基-7-甲氧基呫吨酮(1)、2-羟基呫吨酮(2)、1,5-二羟基呫吨酮(3)、1,7-二羟基呫吨酮(4)、大黄酚(5)、木栓酮(6)、熊果酸(7)、β-谷甾醇棕榈酸酯(8)、麦角甾烷-4,6,8(14),22(23)-四烯-3-酮(9)、豆甾醇(10)、β-谷甾醇(11)。结论除化合物10、11外,其余均为首次从该植物中分离得到,其中化合物1～5为首次从云实属植物中分离得到,同时也是该属植物中首次分得的呫吨酮和蒽醌类化合物。