全文获取类型
收费全文 | 51997篇 |
免费 | 7362篇 |
国内免费 | 1169篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 404篇 |
儿科学 | 1306篇 |
妇产科学 | 1404篇 |
基础医学 | 5425篇 |
口腔科学 | 232篇 |
临床医学 | 4775篇 |
内科学 | 3379篇 |
皮肤病学 | 280篇 |
神经病学 | 920篇 |
特种医学 | 1829篇 |
外国民族医学 | 77篇 |
外科学 | 5771篇 |
综合类 | 5817篇 |
现状与发展 | 8篇 |
一般理论 | 1篇 |
预防医学 | 3981篇 |
眼科学 | 534篇 |
药学 | 3827篇 |
34篇 | |
中国医学 | 980篇 |
肿瘤学 | 19544篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 119篇 |
2023年 | 940篇 |
2022年 | 1277篇 |
2021年 | 2717篇 |
2020年 | 2560篇 |
2019年 | 2366篇 |
2018年 | 2203篇 |
2017年 | 2262篇 |
2016年 | 2461篇 |
2015年 | 2756篇 |
2014年 | 3585篇 |
2013年 | 4332篇 |
2012年 | 2984篇 |
2011年 | 3164篇 |
2010年 | 2458篇 |
2009年 | 2338篇 |
2008年 | 2363篇 |
2007年 | 2438篇 |
2006年 | 2333篇 |
2005年 | 2078篇 |
2004年 | 1720篇 |
2003年 | 1659篇 |
2002年 | 1323篇 |
2001年 | 1186篇 |
2000年 | 924篇 |
1999年 | 837篇 |
1998年 | 675篇 |
1997年 | 648篇 |
1996年 | 517篇 |
1995年 | 455篇 |
1994年 | 359篇 |
1993年 | 308篇 |
1992年 | 287篇 |
1991年 | 252篇 |
1990年 | 203篇 |
1989年 | 165篇 |
1988年 | 167篇 |
1987年 | 148篇 |
1986年 | 135篇 |
1985年 | 171篇 |
1984年 | 123篇 |
1983年 | 89篇 |
1982年 | 105篇 |
1981年 | 108篇 |
1980年 | 56篇 |
1979年 | 50篇 |
1978年 | 40篇 |
1977年 | 27篇 |
1976年 | 26篇 |
1975年 | 11篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 234 毫秒
21.
22.
Nidogen 1 (NID1) is a glycoprotein found in basement membranes involved in cross-linking collagen IV and laminin. The role of NID in breast cancer has only been evaluated in a small number of studies and the findings of these studies have been inconsistent. Our previous work revealed that highly tumorigenic murine mammary tumor cells express high levels of Nid1 while weakly tumorigenic mammary tumor cells express low levels of Nid1. To investigate Nid1, two stable knockdown lines were created, and Nid1 knockdown was confirmed at both the mRNA and protein level. Nid1 knockdown significantly reduced cell proliferation and migration/invasion and these reductions in proliferation and migration/invasion could be rescued by conditioned media containing NID1 protein. The reduced migration/invasion observed in the Nid1 knockdown cells was not associated with significant alterations in the epithelial gene Cdh1 or the mesenchymal genes Snai1, Snai2, Twist1, Twist2, Zeb1 and Zeb2. Therefore, suppression of Nid1 expression reduces proliferation and migration/invasion in claudin-low murine mammary tumor cells. 相似文献
23.
目的:探讨MRI在浸润性小叶癌(ILC)术前诊断中的应用价值,并评估乳腺密度对其影响。方法:选取75例术前30天内行MRI检查的I-Ⅲ期ILC患者列入本项研究,根据腺体含量评估乳腺密度,在MRI下测量肿瘤大小,并对比其与病理大小的一致性。结果:75例入组患者中26例(34.7%)患者经MRI评估发现新的可疑病灶,20例(26.7%)患者改变了手术方式。高密度乳腺型患者额外病灶检出率明显高于低密度乳腺型患者(51.6% vs 22.7%,P=0.010)。MRI评估肿瘤大小在低密度乳腺型患者中容易被低估(36.4% vs 12.9%,P=0.024),在高密度乳腺型患者中容易被高估(6.8% vs 29.0%,P=0.010),但两组患者与病理大小一致性的比例无明显差异。结论:ILC患者术前乳腺MRI检查能够提高额外恶性肿瘤的检出率,而乳腺密度是影响MRI评估的重要因素。 相似文献
24.
《Journal of the American College of Radiology》2020,17(3):384-390
PurposeEffective written communication directly affects health care outcomes. Since 2016, the complex language of state-mandated breast density notifications (BDNs) has been challenged, because it is perceived to be beyond the comprehension of most patients. The aim of this study was to assess whether a revised BDN written at a lower reading grade level improves understanding compared with the current state-mandated BDN.MethodsA revised notification with similar content to the current state-mandated BDN was developed. Both notifications were presented to patients for direct comparison, using a paper survey asking questions that evaluated patients’ perceptions and convictions associated with breast density. Surveys were distributed at four outpatient imaging centers to screening mammography patients.ResultsThe current BDN’s mean readability metric was 13.4, and that of the revised BDN was 6.6. Five hundred surveys were analyzed. Survey data demonstrated that 56.6% of all women perceived that dense breast tissue results indicated a “high” associated lifetime breast cancer risk from the current state-mandated BDN compared with only 2.2% with the revised notification (P < .001). Nearly all women were more likely to initiate discussions with their providers regarding their breast tissue density after reading the revised notification (96.0%) as opposed to the current state-mandated BDN (32.8%; P < .001).ConclusionsA significant portion of women misinterpret the intended messages of the current state-mandated BDN. Thus, a revised notification at a lower reading grade level may improve understanding of breast density, leading to improved individualized breast cancer screening for women with dense breasts. 相似文献
25.
《Radiologia》2022,64(3):256-265
Breast cancer is the second most common cancer in Peruvian women. Due to limitations in national breast cancer screening programs, especially in rural areas, more than 50% of cases of breast cancer in Peru are diagnosed in advanced stages. In collaboration with a local clinic registered as a nongovernmental organization (CerviCusco), RAD-AID International aims to create a sustainable diagnostic structure to improve breast cancer screening in Cuzco. With the support of local, national, and international partners that have collaborated in analyzing radiological resources, raising awareness in the population, acquiring equipment, training clinical staff, and building referral networks, our teams of radiologists, included in the RAD-AID team, have participated in training CerviCusco staff in breast ultrasound, thus enabling additional training for radiology residents through a regulated international collaboration. 相似文献
26.
Susanna Zanutto Chiara Maura Ciniselli Antonino Belfiore Mara Lecchi Enzo Masci Gabriele Delconte Massimo Primignani Giulia Tosetti Marco Dal Fante Linda Fazzini Aldo Airoldi Marcello Vangeli Francesca Turpini Giovanni Giuseppe Rubis Passoni Paolo Viaggi Monica Arena Roberta Ilaria Olimpia Motta Anna Maria Cantù Cristiano Crosta Giuseppe De Roberto Francesca Iannuzzi Andrea Cassinotti Valentina Dall'Olio Laura Tizzoni Gabriella Sozzi Emanuele Meroni Luigi Bisanti Marco Alessandro Pierotti Paolo Verderio Manuela Gariboldi 《International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer》2020,146(4):1164-1173
Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening programs help diagnose cancer precursors and early cancers and help reduce CRC mortality. However, currently recommended tests, the fecal immunochemical test (FIT) and colonoscopy, have low uptake. There is therefore a pressing need for screening strategies that are minimally invasive and consequently more acceptable to patients, most likely blood based, to increase early CRC identification. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) released from cancer cells are detectable in plasma in a remarkably stable form, making them ideal cancer biomarkers. Using plasma samples from FIT-positive (FIT+) subjects in an Italian CRC screening program, we aimed to identify plasma circulating miRNAs that detect early CRC. miRNAs were initially investigated by quantitative real-time PCR in plasma from 60 FIT+ subjects undergoing colonoscopy at Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, then tested on an internal validation cohort (IVC, 201 cases) and finally in a large multicenter prospective series (external validation cohort [EVC], 1121 cases). For each endoscopic lesion (low-grade adenoma [LgA], high-grade adenoma [HgA], cancer lesion [CL]), specific signatures were identified in the IVC and confirmed on the EVC. A two-miRNA-based signature for CL and six-miRNA signatures for LgA and HgA were selected. In a multivariate analysis including sex and age at blood collection, the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (95% confidence interval) of the signatures were 0.644 (0.607–0.682), 0.670 (0.626–0.714) and 0.682 (0.580–0.785) for LgA, HgA and CL, respectively. A miRNA-based test could be introduced into the FIT+ workflow of CRC screening programs so as to schedule colonoscopies only for subjects likely to benefit most. 相似文献
27.
Li Bai Saeha Shin Richard T. Burnett Jeffrey C. Kwong Perry Hystad Aaron van Donkelaar Mark S. Goldberg Eric Lavigne Scott Weichenthal Randall V. Martin Ray Copes Alexander Kopp Hong Chen 《International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer》2020,146(9):2450-2459
Lung and female breast cancers are highly prevalent worldwide. Although the association between exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and lung cancer has been recognized, there is less evidence for associations with other common air pollutants such as nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone (O3). Even less is known about potential associations between these pollutants and breast cancer. We conducted a population-based cohort study to investigate the associations of chronic exposure to PM2.5, NO2, O3 and redox-weighted average of NO2 and O3 (Ox) with incident lung and breast cancer, using the Ontario Population Health and Environment Cohort (ONPHEC), which includes all long-term residents aged 35–85 years who lived in Ontario, Canada, 2001–2015. Incident lung and breast cancers were ascertained using the Ontario Cancer Registry. Annual estimates of exposures were assigned to the residential postal codes of subjects for each year during follow-up. We used Cox proportional-hazards models adjusting for personal- and neighborhood-level covariates. Our cohorts for lung and breast cancer analyses included ~4.9 million individuals and ~2.5 million women, respectively. During follow-up, 100,146 incident cases of lung cancer and 91,146 incident cases of breast cancer were diagnosed. The fully adjusted analyses showed positive associations of lung cancer incidence with PM2.5 (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.02 [95% CI: 1.01–1.05] per 5.3 μg/m3) and NO2 (HR = 1.05 [95% CI: 1.03–1.07] per 14 ppb). No associations with lung cancer were observed for O3 or Ox. Relationships between PM2.5 and NO2 with lung cancer exhibited a sublinear shape. We did not find compelling evidence linking air pollution to breast cancer. 相似文献
28.
Hélène Person Francis Guillemin Thierry Conroy Michel Velten Christine Rotonda 《International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer》2020,146(7):1827-1835
Women with breast cancer are increasingly being cured of the disease but fatigue remains the most frequently reported symptom. The aims of our study were to identify distinct trajectories in four fatigue dimensions during 2 years after breast cancer surgery and to explore the demographic, clinical and personality characteristics associated with these profiles. We included women from the prospective longitudinal multicenter FATSEIN cohort in France. They completed the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory for nine follow-ups over 24 months after surgery. A group-based trajectory model identified distinct trajectories in each fatigue dimension. Multinomial logistic regression determined the factors associated with each profile. From the 459 women followed, 3–5 fatigue trajectories were revealed in each fatigue dimension, from its absence to its severest degree. In our multivariate analysis, the risk of severe fatigue was decreased in all dimensions by a high quality of life before surgery (measured by the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer 30-item QoL questionnaire; e.g., for general and physical fatigue: OR = 0.93, 95% CI 0.91, 0.96), especially a high physical and emotional functions for general and physical fatigue, and a high cognitive function for mental fatigue. Both severe mental fatigue and severely reduced motivation worsened with low optimism before surgery (e.g., for mental fatigue: OR = 0.93, 95% CI 0.89, 0.97). Severely reduced activities increased by having chemotherapy (OR = 9.41, 95% CI 2.28, 38.79). Targeting women at risk for severe fatigue can provide early preventive and curative treatment and appropriate psychological support. 相似文献
29.
Nurse perceptions of the Nursing Delirium Screening Scale in two palliative care inpatient units: a focus group study 下载免费PDF全文
30.
Puja Vijay Parikh 《International journal of environmental health research》2016,26(4):458-466
Environmental chemical exposure could be an important etiologic factor for geographic differences in breast cancer incidence. In this study, we examined emissions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and PM2.5 in relation to breast cancer incidence in metro Atlanta and rural Georgia by analyzing data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program and the Environmental Protection Agency. The results showed that metro Atlanta had a significantly higher age-adjusted annual incidence rate of female breast cancer than rural Georgia (132.6 vs. 113.7 per 100,000) for 1992–2011. Emissions of both PAHs [adjusted β = 0.568 (95 % CI: 0.209, 0.927); p = 0.004] and PM2.5 [adjusted β = 2.964 (95 % CI: 0.468, 5.459); p = 0.023] were significantly associated with breast cancer incidence in metro Atlanta area. This study suggests that ambient air pollution, especially PAHs and PM2.5, could have a significant impact on the increased incidence of female breast cancer in urban areas. 相似文献