survivin、P53蛋白在非小细胞肺癌的表达及其相关性研究

目的 :研究survivin、P5 3蛋白在非小细胞肺癌 (NSCLC)组织的表达及其生物学意义 ,并探讨其相关性。　方法 :用免疫组化 (S P法 )染色技术对 95例NSCLC组织石蜡标本进行survivin、P5 3蛋白表达的检测和分析。　结果 :survivin、P5 3在肺癌细胞中阳性表达率 (6 2 .1 %、5 5 .8% )明显高于癌旁的正常肺组织 (1 4 %、7% ) (P <0 .0 1 )。survivin的表达与肿瘤病理分级、组织学分型、淋巴结转移、TNM分期无明显相关 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;P5 3表达与淋巴结转移相关 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,而与肿瘤病理分级、组织学分型、TNM分期无明显相关 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;此外 ,survivin与P5 3蛋白的表达呈显著正相关 (r =0 .5 72 ,P <0 .0 1 )。　结论 :凋亡抑制蛋白survivin与突变型P5 3蛋白在NSCLC的发生发展中可能起协同作用 ,也提示抑癌基因p5 3(野生型 )可能对survivin的表达起负反馈调节作用。survivin和P5 3蛋白可作为靶点用于NSCLC靶向治疗的研究     

运用siRNA建立稳定低表达IGF1R基因的肝癌细胞株的实验研究

目的运用siRNA技术在肝癌细胞株中建立稳定低表达人胰岛素样生长因子1类受体(IGF1R)基因的细胞株。方法构建包含封闭IGF1R基因的真核表达载体pSUPER-IGF1R-siRNA,转染SMMC7721和Hep3B细胞,G418筛选表达稳定的细胞株。通过RT-PCR、Western-blot分析与鉴定IGF1R mRNA和蛋白及cyclin D1、cyclinB1蛋白的表达,并绘制细胞生长曲线。结果在SMMC7721和Hep3B细胞中成功建立低表达IGF1R基因的细胞株,其生长明显减慢(P<0.05),且其cyclinD1表达亦明显下降(P<0.05)。结论pSUPER-IGF1R-siRNA能抑制SMMC7721和Hep3B细胞的生长。     

白细胞粘附作用对ELISA检测HBsAg干扰现象的探讨

目的 探讨在ELISA检测HBsAg试验中，标本混入WBC后，WBC的粘附现象对试验结果的干扰。方法 观察WBC粘附现象对测定结果的干扰情况，以及血浆中WBC含量与干扰程度的关系，同时采用增加洗涤次数的方法对抗WBC粘附的效果观察。结果 标本混入WBC，WBC在反应板内发生粘附。WBC的中性粒细胞含过氧化物酶对试验结果造成干扰；标本中单位体积WBC含量与WBC的粘附量不成正比，但WBC的有效粘附数与OD值直接相关，粘附量越多，OD值越高；且WBC的粘附经洗涤10次也未能完全洗脱。结论 在ELISA检测HBsAg工作中应注意WBC对试验产生的非特异性干扰，采用多种方法防止WBC的混入。     

4例活体部分小肠移植术后早期并发症的防治经验

目的总结4例活体部分小肠移植术后早期并发症（1月内）的防治办法，为进一步开展活体小肠移植提供经验。方法4例活体部分小肠移植术后1月内，早期并发症重点在于防治吻合血管血栓、出血、感染、排斥反应、移植肠功能障碍等。结果3例移植受体术后1月内分别发生出血倾向、急性排斥反应、感染、移植肠功能障碍等并发症，但经及时准确的诊断与治疗得以好转，移植肠存活及功能均良好。结论注重活体部分小肠移植术后对于早期并发症的预防及治疗，对于患者预后有重要意义。     

The interactive role of mucosal T lymphocytes in intestinal growth, development and enteropathy

Abstract Over the past 15–20 years, research has progressively focused on the mucosal T cell as the central factor in the initiation of physiological or pathological changes, first in the growth and maturation of the early (postnatal) intestine, and second in adult-type enteropathies resulting from sensitivity to either food or pathogen-derived antigens. T cell-mediated events may be measured, for example, in terms of specific immunopathologic patterns of change and injury, such as type 1 (lymphocyte infiltration), type 2 (crypt hyperplasia) and type 3 (flat-destructive), which can be recognized and quantitated microscopically; by determination of lymphocyte reactivity through secretion of interleukin-2 receptors (IL-2R) into plasma or expression by mucosal lymphocytes; by quantitation of lymphocyte subsets emigrating into inflamed tissues by immunoperoxidase-labelled monoclonal antibodies; or by the determination of T cell receptor polymorphisms. Alterations in intestinal growth, structure and function at weaning are likely to be T cell-mediated as they are analogous to the same type 1/2 lesions that reflect modulation of adult mucosal architecture in food and parasite-induced hypersensitivity reactions. Enteropathies associated with HIV infection and T cell deficiency display a milder degree of villous flattening and impaired crypt hyperplasia than that typical of gluten-sensitivity, suggesting a reversion to lesser degrees of mucosal pathology (type 1/2). Clearly more information will accrue; meanwhile the remarks in this brief survey should provide a firm basis whereby clinician and scientist can meet, and together recognize and further dissect the modulatory effect of T lymphocytes on mucosal structure and function.     

实验猪小肠移植后急性排异反应的形态计量学研究

本文以猪小肠移植为模型，应用图像分析仪显微形态测量观察测量了移植前后肠粘膜结构。定量评价小肠急性排异反应的形态变化，评价免疫抑制剂对急排的作用。结果显示：小肠急排发生在术后５天，排异反应中肠粘膜形态、炎症程度及类型均有显著变化。免疫抑制剂可显著减轻急排，但不能防止排异反应的发生。形态计量检测结果可作为排异反应的早期指标，并可动态地监测排异反应的发展，指导免疫抑制剂的应用。     

小横切口手术治疗小儿腹股斜疝

目的：探讨小儿腹股沟斜疝手术方法。方法：经外环小横切口行疝囊高位结扎加修补术。结果：全组126例，平均手术时间12min，无一例出现并发症。结论：此方法有切口小、时间短、创伤轻、恢复快、费用低、疤痕不明显等优点，值得推广。     

Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study of Ewing's sarcoma and related tumors: Morphological neural markers suggesting neural histogenesis in 32 small round-cell sarcomas

The purpose of this study was to validate the hypothesis of neural histogenesis of Ewing's sarcoma of bone and related tumors by light microscopic, electron microscopic, and immunohistochemical analysis. We studied 32 round-cell sarcomas (19 cases of Ewing's sarcoma of bone, 3 extraskeletal Ewing's sarcomas, 5 peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNET) and 5 cases of unclassified small round-cell type of neurogenic sarcoma (NS). Immunoreactivity for MIC2 was observed in all cases of Ewing's sarcoma and PNET, and in 1 cases of NS. Positive immunoreactivity for neural markers (NSE, synaptophysin, S-100) was found frequently in some tumors. Ultrastructurally, some specific features of neural differentiation, such as a fragmented basal lamina and neurosecretory granule-like particles, were found even in typical cases of Ewing's sarcoma of bone, which presented without a rosette arrangement and were almost negative for neural immuno-markers, but positive for MIC2. These ultrastructural neural features were observed less frequently in Ewing's sarcoma of bone than in PNET and NS. However, no significant correlation was demonstrated between the immunoreactivity for neural markers and the ultrastructural and histological neural features. These results support the hypothesis of a neural origin of Ewing's sarcoma and related neoplasms, and suggest that some overlapping entity could persist in PNET and Ewing's sarcoma and that this entity could be seen in histological and immunohistochemical studies of both tumors.     

Ascorbic acid prevents ischemia-reperfusion injury in the rat small intestine

Ischemia-reperfusion injury by free radicals and lipid peroxides is observed in various organs. Ascorbic acid (AsA) or glutathione (GSH) in various doses (AsA:2, 0.5, 0.1 mmol/kg, GSH:2 mmol/kg) was intraperitoneally administered to male Wistar rats. The entire small intestines were resected just before ischemia, after ischemia, and after 20 min of reperfusion (n = 7–10 at each time point). At each time point, the specimens were subjected to assays of lipid peroxides, GSH, and glutaminase activity of the tissues; they were also examined histologically. In the AsA group, the production of lipid peroxides after reperfusion was significantly suppressed in a dose-dependent manner, and the ratio of oxidized GSH to total GSH was also significantly low. Tissue glutaminase activity decreased to a lesser extent, and the degree of injury was apparently less marked in the AsA group. This study indicates that AsA acts as an antioxidant against peroxidative tissue injury, possibly by scavenging radicals, preserving reduced GSH, and reducing the peroxidative reaction. Received: 21 June 1996 Received after revision: 8 October 1996 Accepted: 12 November 1996     

Characterization of apoptosis in intestinal ischaemia-reperfusion injury — a light and electron microscopic study.

Intestinal ischaemia-reperfusion (IR) injury has largely been attributed to cellular necrosis. Apoptosis, a distinct form of cell death has been observed following IR to the brain, heart, adrenals and the kidneys. In order to characterize the role of apoptosis in intestinal IR, small bowel grafts were stored in saline ( n  = 6) or modified University of Wisconsin solution ( n  = 6) at 4 °C for 12 h and reperfused for 6 h in syngeneic rats. Samples of normal, stored and reperfused intestines at 1, 3 and 6 h were analysed by light and electron microscopy. Following reperfusion, there was crypt and villous epithelial apoptosis, loss of crypt and villous structures, and an increase in mucosal inflammatory cell infiltration. Ongoing apoptosis was maximum at 1 h, its degree decreasing with increasing reperfusion intervals. Large numbers of apoptotic bodies dominated the picture from 3 h of reperfusion. This study has demonstrated the induction of apoptosis by intestinal IR injury, which begins within an hour of reperfusion and is probably responsible for the observed crypt and villous loss. This has potential therapeutic implications as, opposed to necrosis, apoptosis is an active process with genetic regulators and biochemical effectors, which can be specifically targeted to prevent or alleviate IR injury.