不能手术的脑肿瘤患者分次立体定向放射治疗研究

目的探讨不能手术的脑肿瘤患者采用分次立体定向放射治疗(fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy,FSRT)的价值。方法采用X线FSRT法治疗15例不能手术的脑肿瘤患者。所有病例根据临床表现及MRI和/或CT确诊。其中4例采用单纯立体定向放射治疗,11例采用立体定向放射治疗 常规放射治疗。常规外照射剂量30.0~52.0 Gy。FSRT准直器2.5~5.0 cm,靶体积0.9~39.6 cm3,分次剂量5.0~15.0 Gy,总剂量15.0~50.0 Gy。1个靶中心参考剂量线为70%~90%,2个靶中心参考剂量线为50%。采用4~6个弧非共面等中心旋转照射。结果治疗后生存期2~105个月,中位生存期30.8个月。急性神经毒性反应较轻,各有2、1、1例出现Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级晚期神经损伤,无Ⅳ级晚期神经损伤。结论对于不能手术的脑肿瘤患者行X线FSRT是安全有效的。     

老年人晚期非小细胞肺癌三维立体适形放射治疗

目的 探讨老年人非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)三维立体适形放射治疗(3D-CRT)的临床特点和疗效.方法 对108例由于内科禁忌证或其他情况不能手术的老年人晚期NSCLC施行3D-CRT,单次剂量5～8Gy,隔日1次,总剂量68～82Gy.结果 108例全部完成放射治疗计划,1、2、3年的平均生存率分别为65%、33%、28%.结论 对于有内科禁忌证或由于其他情况不能手术的老年人晚期NSCLC施行3D-CRT是一种比较有效的治疗手段,有助于提高生存率,改善生存质量,减少并发症的发生.     

口腔医务人员职业暴露防护的研究

目的探讨口腔医务人员职业暴露防护的危险因素及对策。方法执行标准化、制度化、科学化及普遍预防的管理体系。结果制定了切实可行的口腔医务人员职业暴露防护的管理方案和措施,使口腔医务人员掌握口腔感染管理标准,明确口腔器械消毒程序,在口腔诊治过程中通过实施普遍预防的策略。结论构建口腔医务人员职业暴露防护的措施与方案,可以最大限度地防止口腔医院感染的发生。     

支气管动脉灌注化疗联合直线加速器放射治疗Ⅲa期非小细胞肺癌

目的　研究支气管动脉灌注化疗联合直线加速器放射治疗Ⅲa期非小细胞肺癌 (NSCLC)的可行性及临床价值。方法　 76例NSCLC患者随机分成A、B 2组 ,A组先行 2次支气管动脉灌注化疗 (BAI) ,第 2次BAI 1～ 2周后再行直线加速器放射治疗 (RT) ;B组单纯行 2次BAI (对照组 )。结果　临床疗效 ,A组 (BAI RT)和B组 (BAI)分别为 89.47%和 60 .5 3% (Ρ <0 .0 1) ;1、3年生存率 ,A、B组分别为 81.5 8%、5 0 .0 0 %和 60 .5 3%、2 1.0 5 % ( 0 .0 1<Ρ <0 .0 5 )。结论　支气管动脉灌注化疗联合直线加速器放射治疗Ⅲa期非小细胞肺癌的临床疗效和患者 1、3年生存率均显著提高     

LIMITATIONS OF RADIOTHERAPY IN THE DEFINITIVE TREATMENT OF SQUAMOUS CARCINOMA OF THE TONSILLAR FOSSA

Between 1970 and 1990, 104 patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the tonsil were treated. The median age was 58 years and 80% of patients were males. Distribution among clinical stages was: stage I, 19 patients; stage II, 12 patients; stage III, 23 patients; and stage IV, 48 patients. More than 70% of patients had initial radiotherapy as definitive treatment irrespective of stage, reflecting the treatment philosophy over much of this period. The overall survival rate was 26% at 5 years, with survival being significantly affected by T stage, clinical stage and age. Clinical node status did not significantly affect survival rates. Good local control of T₁N₀ cancers was achieved with radiotherapy alone, but patients with more advanced cancers did poorly. We have now moved away from a non-selective policy and use initial surgery combined with postoperative radiotherapy in most patients, reserving radiotherapy alone for mainly early tonsil cancers.     

《太医院先生案》考

近来发现一本朝鲜朝宫庭医名录本，暂题名为《太医院先生案》．结合其他文献介绍了宫庭医的情况，并介绍了名录本的文例．这将对朝鲜朝医学史研究有一定的价值     

Occupational allergic contact dermatitis and composition of acrylates in dentin bonding systems

Background Dentin-bonding systems contain sensitizing acrylates. They are increasingly used in dentistry, but only few cases of allergy have been encountered. Objective This study reports observations on eleven patients sensitized by acrylates in dentin-bonding compounds. Furthermore, the composition of dentin-bonding products was analysed and compared with the information given in the material safety data sheets. Methods Patch testing was performed to reveal allergic contact dermatitis, and chamber provocation tests to reveal possible respiratory sensitivity. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry was used to analyse the chemical composition of the bonding products. Results The most common sensitizer in our material of eleven patients was 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (2-HEMA). Another putative sensitizer, BIS-GMA, used in dentin adhesives, did not cause sensitization. The typical allergic dermatitis localized to the fingertips (pulpitis). Seven of the eleven patients also developed paresthesia of the fingertips. One patient with positive patch test reactions to (meth)acrylates had pharyngitis hut no skin symptoms. One patient was sensitized because she had been patch tested with too high a concentration (undiluted) of dentin-bonding components. Material safety sheets gave inaccurate or wrong information about the contents. Conclusion Dentin-bonding acrylates are strong sensitizers, and even a single exposure may sensitize.     

中国人与白种人鼻咽癌的发病和治疗

对1971—1990年间加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚癌症中心收治的428例鼻咽癌病人的发病和治疗情况进行分析。其中,中国人占303例(71％),白种人116例(27％)。中国人在该省鼻咽癌的年发病率是白种人的64倍,其中又以在中国出生的发病率最高,分别为白种人的104倍和北美出生的中国人的16倍。本组总的5年和10年生存率分别为51％和39％,颈淋巴结阴性的病人5年生存率达64％;而阳性的病人只有44％。鼻咽癌的预后与它的临床分期、病理类型、治疗前有无做颈淋巴结活检,以及性别有关,而与病人的人种和出生地无关。     

重组人粒细胞－巨噬细胞集落刺激因子治疗肺癌化疗或放疗所致的白细胞减少

对肺癌化疗、放疗后白细胞低于３．０×１０９／Ｌ者用ｒｈＧＭ－ＣＳＦ治疗９人１７次，１０例用其他升白细胞药物者作平行对照临床试验、结果表明：ｒｈ　ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ对肺癌化、放疗所致的白细胞（粒细胞）减少的疗效显著而迅速，总有效率达１００％，用药组使白细胞恢复至正常的中位数时间比对照组缩短约１０ｄ，且有良好的可耐受性、是肿瘤化疗、放疗的有力辅助药物＊Ｐ＜０．０１。下降水平与用药组均具可比性。（３）ｒｈＧＭ－ＣＳＦ：１５０μｇ／支与３００μｇ／支。方法（１）用法：化疗或放疗后外周血白细胞总数≤３．０×１０９／Ｌ时，应用ｒｈＧＭ－ＣＳＦ３００μｇ／ｄｓｃ３－７６或１５０μｇ／ｄｓｃ７－１３ｄ。本组剂量范围１．９－５．９μｇ／ｋｇ，ｑｄ。（２）疗效判断标准：用药后外周血白细胞总数升至４．０×１０９／Ｌ以上者为有效。疗效分级为：用药≤５ｄ白细胞总数升至正常水平者为显效：用药６－１０ｄ白细胞总数升至正常水平者为有效；用＞１０ｄ而白细胞计数未升高者为无效。（３）统计方法：均数的ｔ检验。结果疗效按放疗标准判断，显效１２例次（７１％），有效５例次（２９％），总有效率为１００％。用ｒｈＧＭ－ＣＳＦ前后白细胞总数的平均值分别为（２．６?     

RESULTS OF EXTERNAL BEAM RADIOTHERAPY IN 448 PATIENTS WITH CLINICALLY LOCALIZED ADENOCARCINOMA OF THE PROSTATE

The results of external beam radiotherapy for clinically localized adenocarcinorna of the prostate in 448 patients treated in the period 1980–90 were reviewed. The average follow up was 4.9 years. The patients were aged 44–87 years (median 69 years) and all had histopathological evidence of adenocarcinoma by needle biopsy or transurethral resection of prostate. The histopathological grading was: 127 G₁; 154 G₂; 127 G₃; 12 G₄; 28 G_x. Clinical staging according to TNM (American Urological Association) was: 29 T₀ (A2); 4 T₁ (B1); 173 T₂ (B2); 176 T₃ (C1); 63 T₄ (C2); 3 T_x. Routine surgical pelvic lymph node staging was not performed but patients had radiological (computerized tomography scan or lymphogram) nodal staging: 350 N₀; 22 N₁; 12 N₂; 64 N_x. High energy linear accelerator external beam radiotherapy was given by multiple fields to total doses of 50–70 Gy (median 60 Gy). The majority of patients (307, 69%) was treated by a uniform policy under the care of one radiation oncologist (HM). The rates of local and distant failure at 5 years were 10% (s.e. = 2%) and 42% (s.e. = 3%), respectively. The late complication rate at 5 years was 25% (s.e. = 2%), comprising mild 16%, moderate 7% and severe 1.3%. The 5 year overall survival rate was 64% (s.e. = 2%) and the cancer-specific survival rate was 74% (s.e. = 3%). Both histological grade and clinical stage were strongly predictive of overall survival and distant failure. Only histological grade was predictive of local failure. Treatment with external beam radiotherapy for this common cancer resulted in survival and disease control rates that compare favourably with other published radiotherapy series and has been accompanied by acceptably low morbidity.