The dynamic distribution of nitric oxide synthase in the small intestine of mice with intestinal radiation sickness

ＴｈｅｄｙｎａｍｉｃｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎｏｆｎｉｔｒｉｃｏｘｉｄｅｓｙｎｔｈａｓｅｉｎｔｈｅｓｍａｌｌｉｎｔｅｓｔｉｎｅｏｆｍｉｃｅｗｉｔｈｉｎｔｅｓｔｉｎａｌｒａｄｉａｔｉｏｎｓｉｃｋｎｅｓｓＷｅｉＬｉｃｈｕｎ（魏丽春）；ＧｕｏＹａｏ（郭鹞）（...     

Localized proton spectroscopy of inoperable brain gliomas. Response to radiation therapy

Within vivo 1H-MRS resonances of several metabolites were simultaneously measured in cerebral gliomas and adjacent normal brain. 15 patients with inoperable brain gliomas all histologically verified were monitored with 1H-MRS and MRI before and after radiotherapy. 11 patients were evaluable. 1H-MRS technique evolved from single volume measurements to one dimensional and two dimensional 1H spectroscopic imaging. In all patients N-acetyl-aspartate signals were decreased in tumour areas compared to the normal brain hemisphere. No recovery was seen after radiotherapy. Choline signals were increased in tumour margins of high grade gliomas and more diffusely in low grade gliomas. In 5 patients the choline resonance decreased after radiotherapy, accompanied by a shrinkage of tumour diameter on MRI. Lactate signals were present in high grade and unspecified astrocytomas and absent in most low grade gliomas. In 3 patients the lactate signal disappeared after radiotherapy. These observations indicate the feasibility of 1H-MRS in monitoring metabolic responses on radiotherapy of brain gliomas.     

硒对辐射所致过氧化脂质含量及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性的影响

以肝、脾组织中过氧化脂质(LPO)含量及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSHL-Px)活性为指标探讨硒的辐射防护效应。实验结果表明:BALB/C纯系雄性小鼠经3Gy ~(60)Co γ射线照射后3天,肝、脾组织LPO生成量比未照射者均显著增多,而GSH-Px活性却都显著降低;但于照射前连续7天每日经口灌胃亚硒酸钠溶液0.2ml(含硒12.5μg)的实验组动物,肝、脾组织LPO含量均明显少于照射对照组,而GSH-Px活性都显著高于照射对照组,结果提示,通过降低LPO含量和增加GSH-Px活性,硒对小鼠可能有辐射防护作用。     

全身(全淋巴)照射后100例医源性急性放射病的临床分析

在造血干细胞移植治疗肿瘤过程中用全身照射（ＴＢＩ）或全淋巴照射（ＴＬＩ）预处理，研究受照不同剂量患者发生医源性急性放射病严重程度，治疗方法和造血恢复及相关合并症。方法１００例患者（白血病９１例，其他肿瘤９例）接受５００～１０００ｃＧｙＴＢＩ或ＴＬＩ和超大剂量化疗作预处理。结果均发生医源性急性放射病，白细胞降至（０～０．１５）×１０９／Ｌ，骨髓空虚，合并各种感染和出血。经造血干细胞移植，抗感染，应用ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ或Ｇ－ＣＳＦ积极支持治疗及保护隔离措施，９２例造血恢复，８例死于不同感染和出血。结论造血干细胞的移植起主要治疗作用，不同造血因子用于治疗急性放射病，可能是一种有希望的方法     

Intra-operative radiation therapy for malignant brain tumours: Rationale,method, and treatment results of cerebral glioblastomas

Summary In radiation therapy for malignant brain tumours, the dose of radiation that can be safely delivered to a tumour is limited by the radiation tolerance of the adjacent normal brain tissue. Among various radiation modalities to produce local tumour eradication without unacceptable complications, we chose a large, single irradiation dose during the operation (intra-operative radiation therapy, IORT). In contrast to X-ray or Cobalt-60 gamma ray irradiation, IORT with a high-energy electron beam delivered by the Shimadzu 20 MeV betatron provides acceptable dose homogeneity with rapid fall-off of the radiation dose beyond the treatment volume. Thus, IORT has the advantage of precise demarcation of the target volume, minimum damage to surrounding normal tissues, and a high absorbed target dose (15–25 Gy in 5–10 min).On the basis of our experience with 170 patients treated by IORT, we established the treatment indications and method in patients with malignant brain tumours. IORT with a dose of 15–25 Gy was delivered to widely resected tumours followed by external radiation therapy. No acute or subacute complications were observed. Treatment results of 30 patients with glioblastoma treated by IORT (mean 18.3 Gy) combined with external radiation therapy (mean 58.5 Gy) resulted in a median survival of 119 weeks and a 2-year survival rate of 61%.Supported by a Research Grant for Cancer (3–46, 4–23) from the Ministry of Health and Welfare, and by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (03454343) from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture of Japan.     

羊膜负载骨髓间充质干细胞与表皮细胞对放创性皮肤损伤促愈合研究

目的探讨治疗放创性全厚皮肤缺损创面的方法及效果. 方法贵州小香猪8只,每只背部脊柱两侧均有放创性全层皮肤缺损圆形创面(Ф3.67cm)各3个,共48个创面.将经处理的人羊膜(human amniotic mambrane, HAM)分别负载自体骨髓间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cells, MSCs)和表皮细胞,移植到其左侧24个创面作为实验组(A组);以单纯无种植细胞的HAM敷盖其右侧前16个创面(B组);以单纯油纱布敷盖其右侧后8个创面(C组).B、C作为对照组.观察移植后1～3周内各组创面愈合、肉芽组织生长及上皮化等情况,并进行创面组织HE染色及vWF免疫组织化学检测.用图像分析法测算各组各时间点创面平均面积(cm2),并计算其愈合百分率. 结果 C组于伤后 22～23天愈合,B组于伤后19～21天愈合;A组于伤后15～17天愈合,较B、C组分别提前6～7天和5～6天,愈合质量好.移植15～17天,A组与B、C组创面平均残留面积及愈合面积百分率比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01). A组创面的新生上皮已完全覆盖整个创面,肉芽组织生长旺盛,肉芽组织中vWF、成纤维细胞和毛细血管含量丰富,可见胶原沉积;B、C组创面仍见许多炎性细胞浸润,肉芽组织中vWF、成纤维细胞和毛细血管含量少,胶原沉积不明显. 结论 HAM负载自体MSCs和表皮细胞植入对放创性全厚皮肤缺损创面有较好的促愈合作用,愈合质量较高.     

淋巴细胞亚群微核表达的辐射效应研究

简述了淋巴细胞亚群微核检测方法、淋巴细胞亚群自发微核率和影响因素，以及关于电脑射效应的研究现状，为微核法用于辐射生物剂的未来发展提供了有益信息。     

麦胚提取物对辐射损伤修复的实验研究

目的 研究麦胚提取物对小鼠辐射损伤修复的调节和保护作用。方法 采用辐射前或辐射同时饲喂一定量的麦胚提取物，观察小鼠经X射线一次性全身照射后的临床症状、30d存活率、骨髓微核率、外周血白细胞总数在不同时间的变化。结果 与对照组(单纯照射)比较，饲喂麦胚提取物可使小鼠的头面部皮肤、小肠黏膜、肾脏损伤症状得到明显改善；30d存活率为86．17％(P＜0．01)，提高存活率41．79％，保护系数为1．72；骨髓微核率4．62‰；比对照组(12．14‰)降低(P＜0．01)；外周血白细胞总数在7，13，20，30d均显回升(P＜0.05，P＜0．01，P＜0．01，P＜0．01)。结论 麦胚提取物对小鼠辐射损伤修复有一定程度的调节和保护作用，对于辅助肿瘤放射治疗具有重要意义。     

吉林192Ir放射事故患者局部急性放射损伤病理改变

目的观察一例大剂量全身极不均匀照射急性放射损伤患者数处局部病理改变。方法病理常规切片染色，光镜检查。结果吸收剂量右下肢为３７３８Ｇｙ，左手掌为８３０Ｇｙ，于照射后第８天行右下肢、左前臂截肢术。右手、左膝照射剂量相对较小但难以准确估计，红斑、水肿、水疱、溃疡出现相对较晚，于第５５天行右手指、左膝清创植皮术。镜下：右小腿局部皮肤和皮肤附属器官、皮下组织和骨胳肌广泛地坏死和弥漫性出血，但真皮中的立毛肌尚存；左手指、手掌皮肤表皮细胞空泡变性、坏死，并形成大小不一的囊泡，致使表皮与真皮分离，真皮弥漫性出血、中性粒细胞浸润，汗腺上皮细胞变性、坏死，皮下组织内弥漫性出血，少数脂肪细胞坏死。胫骨、腓骨上端和股骨、桡骨、尺骨下端处骨髓腔内造血组织各系细胞均消失。左膝、右手拇指、食指、中指皮肤示急性放射性溃疡。结论大剂量照射导致的急性放射损伤造成大面积、深达肌肉的软组织坏死及骨髓造血细胞消失。     

工业X射线探伤防护剂量水平的研究

本文介绍了用实验方法研究不同管电压, 钢板厚度与散射线之间的关系.结果表明, 透射比随管电压升高而增加, 并随钢板厚度增加而下降；散射比随散射角的增大而逐渐下降, 至180°时为最低值。此研究为X射线探伤作业的辐射防护提供了依据。