Agminated fibroblastic connective tissue nevus in a 1‐year‐old boy

Fibroblastic connective tissue nevus (FCTN) is a benign cutaneous mesenchymal lesion characterized by proliferation of CD34‐positive fibroblastic/myofibroblastic spindle‐shaped cells. We report a case of agminated FCTN on the right lower abdomen of a 1‐year‐old boy.     

Same-Day Repeat Hepatopulmonary Shunt Measurement during Planning Angiography for Hepatic Radioembolization

This report describes a technique for measuring lung shunt fraction (LSF) twice in a single session during planning arteriography for radioembolization using low and standard dose technetium-99m macroaggregated albumin (^99mTc-MAA). A patient with a 16.0 cm hepatocellular carcinoma and LSF of 70% was treated with lenvatinib for 4 weeks. Planning arteriography with administration of 0.5 millicuries of ^99mTc-MAA was then performed. Arterial access was maintained while the LSF was calculated, which was persistently elevated at 54%. Embolization of arteriovenous shunts was performed during the same session and 5.0 millicuries of ^99mTc-MAA were administered. The repeat LSF was 29%. Successful radioembolization was subsequently performed.     

Endoplasmic reticulum stress is involved in ventilator-induced lung injury in mice via the IRE1α-TRAF2-NF-κB pathway

Inflammation plays a critical role in the development of ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is associated with a variety of diseases through the modulation of inflammatory responses. However, little is known about how ER stress is implicated in VILI. In this study, murine mechanical ventilation models were constructed. Total protein and inflammatory cytokines were measured in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and lung tissue injury was assessed by histology. Our data revealed that mice subjected to high tidal ventilation (TV) for 4 h showed more severe pulmonary edema and inflammation than those of mice with spontaneous breathing and low TV-treatment. In addition, the high TV-treated animals upregulated the ER stress markers GRP78, CHOP, p-IRE1α, TRAF2, and p-NF-κB expression at both the mRNA and protein levels in lung tissue. Administration of thapsigargin exacerbated the histological changes, inflammation and expression of GRP78 and CHOP after high TV, but treatment with ER stress and IRE1α kinase inhibitors attenuated the pathological damage and downregulated the high expression of GRP78, CHOP, p-IRE1α, TRAF2, and p-NF-κB, suggesting that ER stress is involved in VILI though the IRE1α/TRAF2/NF-κB signaling pathway in mice.     

营养风险与腹膜后肿瘤患者住院时间的相关性研究

目的 探讨营养风险与腹膜后肿瘤患者住院时间的相关性。方法 采用回顾性研究，选取2012年1月至2018年12月四川大学华西医院血管外科新入院腹膜后肿瘤患者60例，采用营养风险筛查表评估患者营养风险，收集患者体质指数、围术期血红蛋白和白蛋白水平、住院天数、术后恶心呕吐发生情况、术后排气、排便时间和首次进食时间。采用单因素分析比较不同患者住院时间，采用多重线性逐步回归分析患者住院时间的影响因素。结果 纳入的60例腹膜后肿瘤患者中，40例患者（66.7%）术前存在营养风险，52例患者（86.7%）术后存在营养风险；单因素分析显示，患者术前、术后营养风险 （术前P<0.001，术后P=0.043）、术前白蛋白 （P=0.019）、术后血红蛋白 （P=0.019）、术后白蛋白（P=0.025） 水平以及术后恶心呕吐 （P=0.001） 均会影响患者的住院时间；患者住院时间与围术期营养风险筛查工具评分、术后首次进食时间、术后排气时间和排便时间具有相关性，且相关性强（r=0.759~0.770； P<0.01）；多因素分析显示术前营养风险是腹膜后肿瘤患者住院时间的重要预测因素（β=0.399）。结论 术前营养风险是腹膜后肿瘤患者住院时间的预测因子。     

Emerging from their burrow: Hedgehog pathway inhibitors for cancer

Introduction: Cancer treatment is moving away from conventional cytotoxic drugs and towards agents that target specific proteins and mechanisms important to cancer development or survival. The Hedgehog Pathway (HhP) is a signal transduction pathway and its constitutive activation is tumorigenic in basal cell carcinoma (BCC). The HhP enables phenotypic flexibility, and channels tumor-stroma interactions. As a result, it is over-expressed in numerous cancers as well as in the tumor microenvironment and may represent a promising therapeutic target.

Areas covered: In this article, we review the rationale for targeting HhP and its role as an oncogenic driver, in tumor epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and in the tumor microenvironment and describe the results of preclinical and clinical studies involving HhP inhibitors.

Expert opinion: HhP activation plays an important role in both the tumor microenvironment and tumor EMT which can lead to treatment resistance for a number of different malignancies. In addition to standard use in BCC, several HhP inhibitors are in preclinical, early, and mid-stage clinical development for other solid and hematologic malignancies.     

Lung Ultrasound for the Emergency Diagnosis of Pneumonia,Acute Heart Failure,and Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease/Asthma in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Background

Lung ultrasound can accelerate the diagnosis of life-threatening diseases in adults with respiratory symptoms.

NRP-1单克隆抗体对乳腺癌裸鼠移植瘤生长的影响

 目的 探讨NRP-1单克隆抗体（NRP-1 MAb）的特异性，以及不同剂量的NRP-1 MAb治疗乳腺癌裸鼠移植瘤的疗效。方法 Western blot和共聚焦免疫荧光法检测NRP-1 MAb是否识别MCF7细胞上NRP-1蛋白。将MCF7细胞接种于BALB/c裸鼠皮下建立乳腺癌细胞移植瘤模型，并进行瘤组织传代。传代的肿瘤体积生长至300~500 mm3时，随机分为对照组、NRP-1 MAb低剂量组、中剂量组和高剂量组，每组6只，给药7次。观察荷瘤裸鼠一般状况，测量瘤体大小及裸鼠体重。实验结束时剥离瘤体称重，提取组织蛋白，Western blot检测组织中VEGF蛋白和NRP-1蛋白的表达量。结果 NRP-1MAb成功识别MCF7细胞上的NRP-1蛋白；NRP-1 MAb能够有效抑制MCF7细胞裸鼠移植瘤的生长，低剂量组（1 mg/kg）抑瘤率为47.01%，中剂量组（5 mg/kg）抑瘤率为65.70%，高剂量组（10 mg/kg）抑瘤率为69.19%。。结论 NRP-1 MAb能够识别并有效结合MCF7细胞膜上的NRP-1蛋白，且可抑制MCF7细胞移植瘤的生长，NRP-1 MAb抑制移植瘤的增长可能与下调NRP-1和VEGF表达有关。     

自拟温润方治疗风寒袭肺型急性咳嗽病的临床观察

目的 观察自拟温润方治疗风寒袭肺型急性咳嗽病的临床疗效。方法 64例风寒袭肺型急性咳嗽病患者,随机分为对照组(31例)和治疗组(33例)。对照组患者给予复方甘草口服溶液治疗,治疗组患者给予温润方治疗。比较两组患者治疗前和治疗3、6 d后的中医症状评分以及临床疗效。结果 治疗3、6 d后,两组患者咳嗽、咯痰、恶风、咽痒、鼻塞、流涕、鼻干、口干咽燥症状评分均低于治疗前,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗组患者治疗3 d后咳嗽、咽痒、鼻干、口干咽燥症状评分分别为(2.18±0.98)、(1.15±0.81)、(0.60±0.61)、(0.81±0.71)分,均低于对照组的(3.04±1.62)、(1.68±0.96)、(0.96±0.67)、(1.37±0.86)分,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗组患者治疗6 d后咳嗽、咽痒、鼻干、口干咽燥症状评分分别为(0.54±0.51)、(0.42±0.48)、(0.40±0.46)、(0.47±0.51)分,均低于对照组的(1.12±0.76)、(1.11±0.98)、(0.88±0.98)、(1.01±0.92)分,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者治疗3、6 d后咯痰、恶风、鼻塞、流涕症状评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗3 d后,治疗组治疗总有效率90.9%高于对照组的71.0%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗6 d后,治疗组患者治疗总有效率93.9%与对照组的90.3%比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 在风寒袭肺型急性咳嗽病治疗中,温润方在缓解咳嗽以及部分次症方面明显优于复方甘草口服溶液,起效更快。