兰西拉光缆工程沿线水源卫生调查

目的 了解青藏线水源水质卫生状况,为施工部队水源选择、洁治消毒提供参考依据。方法 硬度使用ＥＤＴＡ－２Ｎａ进行滴定,其余指标使用８８型检水检毒箱测定。结果施工沿线基本无现成可利用的水源,所调查２２个水源中９个存在生物污染,３个水源氯化物或硫酸盐严重超标;５个水源总铁严重超标。结论 摸清了放工沿线水源水质卫生状况,为部队施工和以后执行任 务时选择水源、进行水质改善提供了科学依据。     

Increasing physician involvement In cholesterol-lowering practices: The role of knowledge,attitudes and perceptions

The study evaluated a multifaceted educational intervention systematically designed to increase physician involvement in cholesterol-lowering practices. We hypothesized that knowledge, perceptions and behaviours would be enhanced in participating physicians, compared with controls. Method: Fifty-one family physicians were assigned randomly to three groups; the two experimental groups attended a training workshop, received physician and patient education materials and ongoing consultant support. One experimental group also received a “cuing” intervention. The control group received no interventions. Outcome measures included knowledge and attitude scores, self-efficacy perceptions, and physician dietary counselling behaviour. Measures were taken at pretest, 6 weeks and 15 months later. Results: Intervention group physicians achieved significantly higher knowledge scores than the control group at the six-week test; the differences disappeared at 15 months. Attitudes, self-reported practices and overall self-efficacy scores were similar across groups. Within group variation was highly significant. Physician dietary counselling scores were significantly higher in the intervention groups (p = 0.0001). Some associations were seen among knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy and dietary counselling scores. Conclusion: Physician behaviour change in cholesterol reduction may not depend entirely upon knowledge, attitudes and perceptions. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Factors Influencing the Growth in Knowledge of Trainees in General Practice

Objectives: The relation between the content of postgraduate training for general practice and the outcome in terms of the growth in knowledge of trainees was investigated. The training variables included were: (1) the number of patients seen per day, (2) the trainer, (3) the practice and (4) the theoretical curriculum.Methods: Subjects were 58 trainee-trainer pairs. Growth in knowledge was assessed by two written tests administered with eight months interval. Training variables were evaluated by means of questionnaires and logbook-registration. The correlation was explored between each of the training variables and the knowledge tests scores. To correct for interactional effects, a step-wise multiple regression analysis was performed with the second test as dependent variable and the first test as well as the training variables as independent variables.Results: Significant growth in knowledge was demonstrated. Non of all training variables investigated explained the variance in scores on the second test equally good or better than the scores on the entry test.Conclusions: The impact of the separate training-components on the growth in knowledge, remains unclear. We may speculate, that the sort of knowledge assessed with the written literature based true/false test is different from the sort of knowledge transferred during every day training: evidence based knowledge versus experience based knowledge. Equally valid is the conclusion that these findings fit into the theory that in adult learning the outcome is more learner than teacher dependent.This revised version was published online in September 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

A model for research-based practice

• ? Nursing practice is based on experience, tradition, intuition, common sense, untested theory and sometimes research.
• ? There are a number of reasons why nurses may see research as irrelevant to their practice.
• ? This paper provides a model identifying possible strategies to help nurses develop research-based practice.

     

The effects of d-cycloserine and MK-801 on the performance of rats in two spatial learning and memory tasks

The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of modulation of the (NMDA) receptor on learning and memory. Thus, the performance of rats treated with d-cycloserine, a partial agonist at the glycine recognition site of the NMDA receptor complex, and MK-801, a noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist, either alone or concurrently were assessed in radial arm maze and water maze tasks. Administration of MK-801 (0.1 mg/kg, i.p.) impaired acquisition in the water maze (increased escape latency and distance) and working memory in the radial arm maze (increased re-entries) in rats. Moreover, in the radial arm maze, MK-801 disrupted locomotion (increased latencies and decreased arm entries per minute) and impaired the acquisition of reference memory (increased number of errors) performance of rats. d-Cycloserine (0.03, 0.3, 1.0, 3.0, 10 mg/kg, i.p.) had no effects on acquisition or memory performance of control or MK-801-treated rats in either of these tasks. However, d-cycloserine (0.03, 0.3, 3.0 mg/kg) reversed the MK-801-induced disruption in locomotion. Furthermore, 3.0 mg/kg d-cycloserine increased behavioral activity and also decreased the time needed to complete the task in control animals. To conclude, our results suggest that the consequences of NMDA receptor modulation on learning and memory processes and sensorimotor functions may be functionally different or have distinct anatomical locations.     

Knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and practices about HIV/AIDS among the overseas job seekers in Bangladesh

A study of the knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and practices (KABP) relating to HIV/AIDS was conducted among people from Bangladesh seeking work overseas (N = 300), during February, 1997 and March, 1997. Only 26% of the respondents knew of AIDS and out of 13 basic facts concerning HIV/AIDS the mean score of the sample was 1.63 correct responses. Most of those who knew of HIV had some false beliefs about the mode of HIV transmission, for example, believing that HIV could be contracted by touching an AIDS patient, or sharing bathing facilities or eating utensils. Sex with brothel-based commercial sex workers (100%), sharing contaminated needles (93.6%) and blood transfusion from infected individuals (93.6%) were seen as the main route of HIV transmission. Printed media (69%) was the main source of AIDS information. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that having a non-agricultural occupation (P < 0.04), being resident in Dhaka, Chandpur, Noakhali, Comilla, and Chittagong (P < 0.01), being in the habit of reading newspapers (P < 0.05), using condoms (P < 0.04), having heard about condoms (P < 0.003), having seen condoms (P < 0.005) and knowing where to buy condoms (P < 0.0005) were significantly associated with AIDS awareness. There is insufficient AIDS awareness among overseas job seekers which calls for public initiatives to provide AIDS information to them before they leave Bangladesh to work abroad.     

Sexual Knowledge,Experience and Feelings Among People with Disability

The current study was designed to evaluate the sexual knowledge, experience, feelings and needs of people with intellectual disability or physical disability, and compare them to people from the general population. Sixty people with mild intellectual disability (28 males, 32 females, mean age=27.62 years), 60 people with physical disability (33 males, 27 females, mean age=28.65 years) and 100 people from the general population (40 males, 60 females, mean age=30.10 years) participated in the study. Each respondent completed the Sexual Knowledge, Experience and Needs Scale (SexKen). This scale assesses levels of knowledge, experience, feelings and needs in 12 different areas of sexuality. The results demonstrated that people with intellectual disability experienced lower levels of sexual knowledge and experience, more negative attitudes to sex and stronger sexual needs than people with physical disability, in all areas of sexuality. People with physical disability demonstrated these same trends when they were compared to people from the general population. An interpretation of these results as they relate to the sexuality of people with intellectual or physical disability is provided.     

人工神经网络技术诊断肺心病的实验研究

笔者利用典型的人工神经(BP)网络反向传播模型构建了一个诊断肺心病的专家子系统.结果该专家子系统利用神经网络获取和表示临床有关数据和资料,较好地解决了自动知识的获取、表示、自学等问题,并对临床资料进行量化处理;实例测试表明,该系统有助于肺心病的早期诊断.