加强行业管理规范人体器官移植技术

人体器官移植技术历经近半个世纪的发展历程．在上个世纪70年代我国逐步开展对肝脏、心脏和肾脏等器官移植技术的研究工作。近5年来，随着国际医学研究交流频繁，国内一些大型医疗机构加大了对器官移植技术上的投入．使人体器官移植技术发展迅猛。但同时也伴随着一些医疗费用过高、买卖供体等问题的出现。因此，如何规范人体器官移植技术．是当前的一个重要研究课题。     

Glafenine-associated anaphylaxis as a cause of hospital admission in the Netherlands

Summary In 1981 generalized anaphylaxis was registered on 166 occasions in Dutch general and academic hospitals. Clinical details of 120 of those patients revealed that in 107 anaphylaxis was either probable (n=90) or possible (n=17), whereas in 13 cases some other reaction than anaphylaxis had occurred. The series of confirmed cases contained 46 men and 61 women, with mean ages of 47 y and 48 y, respectively.There was a complete recovery in 102 patients and two patients died. Hypotension was present in 79 cases (74%), dyspnoea in 34 cases (32%) and a skin reaction, mainly urticaria, erythema or angioedema, was mentioned in 62 cases (58%). Most cases of anaphylaxis were drug-induced (76%), the main causes being the analgesic glafenine and contrast media. Glafenine was mentioned as the cause in 36% of all admissions for drug-induced anaphylaxis. Only 3.7% of cases had been reported to the voluntary reporting scheme of the Netherlands Centre for Monitoring of Adverse Reactions to Drugs.On the basis of reimbursement data, the risk of developing severe anaphylaxis to glafenine was estimated at 11.7–19.3-fold relative to indomethacin, and 13.4–20.2-fold relative to oral penicillins.     

Just-in-Time Evidence-Based E-mail “Reminders” in Home Health Care: Impact on Patient Outcomes

OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact and cost-effectiveness of two information-based provider reminder interventions designed to improve self-care management and outcomes of heart failure (HF) patients. DATA SOURCES/STUDY SETTING: Interview and agency administrative data on 628 home care patients with a primary diagnosis of HF. STUDY DESIGN: Patients were treated by nurses randomly assigned to usual care or one of two intervention groups. The basic intervention was an e-mail to the patient's nurse highlighting six HF-specific clinical recommendations. The augmented intervention supplemented the initial nurse reminder with additional clinician and patient resources. DATA COLLECTION: Patient interviews were conducted 45 days post admission to measure self-management behaviors, HF-specific outcomes (Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire-KCCQ), health-related quality of life (EuroQoL), and service use. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Both interventions improved the mean KCCQ summary score (15.3 and 12.9 percent, respectively) relative to usual care (p< or =.05). The basic intervention also yielded a higher EuroQoL score relative to usual care (p< or =.05). In addition, the interventions had a positive impact on medication knowledge, diet, and weight monitoring. The basic intervention was more cost-effective than the augmented intervention in improving clinical outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates the positive impact of targeting evidence-based computer reminders to home health nurses to improve patient self-care behaviors, knowledge, and clinical outcomes. It also advances the field's limited understanding of the cost-effectiveness of selected strategies for translating research into practice.     

积极开展客户管理 努力提高健康体检客户满意度

健康体检有利润高、风险小的特征，具有非常好的市场前景。广州新海医院积极进行市场营销，开展客户管理，正确区分客户类型，建立客户资料数据库，合理确定客户组合，整合医院人力资源、业务流程及专业技术，对不同需求和消费层次的客户，采取不同的服务和管理策略，提供个性化、人性化的优质服务，主动搜集客户意见，认真处理客户投诉，不断改进医院健康体检工作方法，完善客户管理工作机制，使客户满意度不断提高，产生了良好的经营业绩，提高了医院的市场竞争力和品牌形象。     

Toxic epidermal necrolysis; 15 years'' experience in a Dutch burns centre

BACKGROUND: Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a severe and potentially fatal drug reaction characterized by an extensive skin rash with blisters and exfoliation, frequently accompanied by mucositis. The wounds caused by TEN are similar to second-degree burns and severe cases may involve large areas of skin loss. OBJECTIVES: Analysis of our results in patients with TEN and evaluation of the variety of therapeutic interventions that has been studied and suggested in TEN. PATIENTS/METHODS: Retrospective analysis of 19 consecutive patients with TEN treated in our burns centre between 1989 and 2004. RESULTS: Immediate withdrawal of any potentially fatal drug, maximum supportive care, and a restricted and tailored antibiotic, medical and surgical treatment regimen confined mortality to 21%, whereas prognosis scores like APACHE II and SCORTEN predicted mortality of 22 and 30%, respectively. A positive contribution of selective digestive decontamination is suggested but has yet to be established. CONCLUSIONS: Because of a potentially fatal outcome, fast referral of a patient suspected of TEN to a specialized centre (mostly a burns unit or specialized dermatology centre) for expert wound management and tailored comprehensive care is strongly advised and contributes to survival.     

Experience of a combined apheresis, blood collection, and blood transfusion unit in a large tertiary care medical center

The Barnes Hospital Apheresis Blood Collection and Blood Transfusion Unit is part of Barns Hospital Blood Bank. Because of its size and complexity, we report our experience which may be useful to administrators and physicians involved in the planning or management of similar services. From 1985 through 1988 we collected platelets from 1,976 different donors, the majority of which (87%) were community donors. Sixty-nine percent of 1,976 donors donated in 1988 an average of 4.9 times. Of 6,568 apheresis products collected. 1.1% were discarded because of positive screening tests and 0.7% were discarded because of outdating or presence of fibrin clot. In 1988 a total of nine cell separators were used. All donor apheresis were done with seven blood separators, and on average a separator produced an apheresis product every 4.5 worked hours. All therapeutic apheresis (338) were done on two separators. Most of them (88%) were performed during work hours. In 1988 donor and therapeutic apheresis were done by 17 1/2 full-time employees (FTEs) during work hours. Considering the Workload Unit Value per procedure given by the College of American Pathologists (CAP) and that each FTE worked 1,864 hours per year, the worked hour productivity for donor and therapeutic apheresis was 78.2%. Blood collections, therapeutic bleeds, and outpatient transfusions (1,127, 114 and 1,745 respectively) were accomplished by two FTEs, for a worked hour productivity of 35.5%. Because 95.1% of total worked units was produced by efficient donor and therapeutic apheresis activities, overall efficiency remained high at 73.8%.     

引入PDCA循环规范医疗废物管理

目的采用PDCA循环法,规范医院医疗废物管理。方法通过计划、实施、检查、处理4个阶段具体实施。结果医疗废物要达到规范化管理,建立有效的组织管理体系,制定切实可行的规章制度是重要保证;加强培训与宣传教育,提高全员管理意识是重要环节;完善医疗废物处置过程中的配套设施是重要基础;制定管理质量标准认真督促检查考核是重要手段。结论PDCA循环法是加强完善医疗废物管理的一种科学的管理方式。     

老年护理院医院感染病原菌及其耐药特征分析

目的探讨目前老年护理医院院内感染病原菌及其耐药特征。方法对2000年4月-2004年3月徐汇区两家老年护理院出院病人的病史进行统计分析。结果两家老年护理院共计发生医院感染939例次，医院感染率12．86％，检出病原菌284株，阳性率30．28％；病原菌以革兰阴性菌为主，占44．65％，其次为真菌、革兰阳性菌，分别为29．12％、25．92％，位于前3位的病原菌分别为其他真菌（14．36％）、白色念珠菌（12．23％）、铜绿假单胞菌（8．69％）；除嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌外，革兰阴性菌以亚胺培南最敏感，敏感率87％，对氨苄西林、阿莫西林的耐药率〉51％，对头孢哌酮、哌拉西林的耐药率〉33％；MRSA和MRSE的检出率高达86．76％和76．32％；混合感染率34．51％。结论老年护理院医院感染率高．真菌所占的比例高；细菌对抗菌药物的耐药性相当严重。     

用护理工时量化法考核ICU护士的绩效

目的探索一种适合ICU护理工作特点的管理模式，提高管理效应。方法用护理工作量、ICU护理质量标准奖惩考核、职称系数三部分综合考评护理工时，与护士的绩效工资分配直接挂钩。结果护理工时量化法实施后，护理质量考核评分，患者？医生对护理质量满意率显著高于实施前（P〈0．05，P〈0．01）。结论护理工时量化绩效分配克服了经验式管理的弊端，建立了有效的激励机制，体现了多劳多得、优劳优得的分配原则，挖掘了护理人员的自身潜力，提高了护理质量。     

医院图书馆与医务人员卫生法学教育

为了改变卫生人员和医学生的知识结构,自觉执行卫生法,培养适应新时代有道德、有文化、守纪律、高素质的卫生人员,必须要加强学习卫生法学教育。文章阐述了卫生法的概念,及其教育的意义,卫生法学在医疗实践中的作用;同时提出了图书馆如何配合医院开展卫生法学教育的措施,扩大藏书内容,开办法律讲座学习班,做好法律知识宣传工作,坚持以医教研为中心,深化服务质量。