卡介菌多糖核酸联合高频电离子术及自体疣植入治疗尖锐湿疣

目的 观察卡介菌多糖核酸联合高频电离子术及自体疣植入治疗尖锐湿疣的临床疗效。方法121例尖锐湿疣患者随机分成治疗A组（n=41）、治疗B组（n=40）和对照组（n=40）,治疗A组给予卡介菌多糖核酸联合高频电离子术及自体疣针剌植入法治疗,治疗B组给予卡介菌多糖核酸联合高频电离子术及自体疣手术植入法治疗,对照组仅给予高频电离子术治疗。分别对其疗效、复发率及不良反应等进行观察,并对针刺植疣法与手术植疣法两种操作方法进行比较。结果总有效率治疗A组为95．1％,治疗B组为92．5％,对照组为70％。治疗A组及B组复发率明显低于对照组。针剌植疣法与手术植疣法疗效相近。结论卡介菌多糖核酸联合高频电离子术及自体疣植入治疗尖锐湿疣具有较好的疗效,针刺植疣法与手术植疣法疗效相近,但前者简便易行,创伤小。     

Electrographic Correlates of Adequate and Erroneous Responses Evoked by Conditioned Signals of Different Functional Signs During Operant Learning in Dogs

Power spectra over the frequency range 1–225 Hz in short-term (less than 1 sec) EEG reactions arising in different areas of the cerebral cortex in response to presentation of differential signals were investigated in dogs during operant feeding behavior in conditions of both adequate and erroneous responses. The energy levels of these reactions decreased several-fold as compared with responses to positive signals, mainly because of frequencies in the high-frequency range (90–225 Hz), where power was greater than not only the traditional range of 1–30 Hz, but also the gamma range of 30–80 Hz. The frequency composition of EEG reactions in adequate responses was determined by a series of discrete frequency subgroups belonging predominantly to the high-frequency band. In erroneous reactions, the discrete structure of the corresponding EEG reactions was lost. __________ Translated from Zhurnal Vysshei Nervnoi Deyatel'nosti imeni I. P. Pavlova, Vol. 54, No. 5, pp. 673–687, September–October, 2004.     

高频超声在小儿肠系膜淋巴结炎诊断中的应用

目的：探讨小儿肠系膜淋巴结炎的超声表现,研究高频超声在诊断小儿肠系膜淋巴结炎中的应用。方法：对150例经临床确诊的小儿肠系膜淋巴结炎患儿的肠系膜淋巴结超声表现进行观察。结果：治疗前后炎症肠系膜淋巴结的位置分布、大小、彩色血流信号丰富程度都有其特征性变化。结论：高频超声可以通过观察小儿肠系膜淋巴结的位置分布、大小、彩色血流信号的变化作出诊断,给临床提供很大的帮助。     

中低位直肠癌超高热切除技术临床研究

目的 探讨高频电刀超高热游离技术在直肠癌全系膜切除(total mesorectal excision,TME)术中应用的安全性、有效性及其肿瘤学预后意义.方法 对2007年1月～2009年6月该院普外科连续99例中低位进展期直肠癌根治术采用全程高频电刀超高热游离技术(A组),腹、骶前、会阴部全程高频电刀超高热游离(abdominoperineal resection,APR,37例;anterior resection,AR,62例);与同期连续121例中低位进展期直肠癌根治术采用传统解剖刀剪锐性游离技术(B组),腹、骶前、会阴部游离操作采用解剖刀剪技术(abdominoperineal resection,APR,52例;anterior resection,AR,69例)患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 A、B两组间术中出血量、手术时间、骶前引流总量、淋巴结检出数、3年局部复发率和远处复发率均差异存在显著性(P＜0.05);会阴切口感染率、腹部切口感染率均差异无显著性(P＞0.05).结论 高频电刀超高热游离技术在中低位直肠癌根治性切除术中具有安全、高效和降低癌复发的优点,该技术值得推广.     

Effects of ozone and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) on rat system inflammation and cardiac function

In order to understand the toxic mechanisms of cardiovascular system injuries induced by ambient PM_2.5 and/or ozone, a subacute toxicological animal experiment was designed with exposure twice a week for 3 continuous weeks. Wistar rats were randomly categorized into 8 groups (n = 6): 1 control group, 3 groups exposed to fine particulate matters (PM_2.5) alone at 3 doses (0.2, 0.8, or 3.2 mg/rat), 1 group to ozone (0.81 ppm) alone and 3 groups to ozone plus PM_2.5 at 3 doses (0.2, 0.8, or 3.2 mg/rat). Heart rate (HR) and electrocardiogram (ECG) was monitored at approximately 24-h both after the 3rd exposure and the last (6th) exposure, and systolic blood pressure (SBP) was monitored at approximately 24-h after the 6th exposure. Biomarkers of systemic inflammation and injuries (CRP, IL-6, LDH, CK), heart oxidative stress (MDA, SOD) and endothelial function (ET-1, VEGF) were analyzed after the 6th exposure. Additionally, myocardial ultrastructural alterations were observed under transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for histopathological analyses. Results showed that PM_2.5 alone exposure could trigger the significant increase of CRP, MDA, CK, ET-1 and SBP and decrease of heart rate variability (HRV), a marker of cardiac autonomic nervous system (ANS) function. Ozone alone exposure in rats did not show significant alterations in any indicators. Ozone plus PM_2.5 exposure, however, induced CRP, IL-6, CK, LDH and MDA increase, SOD and HRV decrease significantly in a dose–response way. Meanwhile, abnormal ECG types were monitored in rats exposed to PM_2.5 with and without ozone and obvious myocardial ultrastructural changes were observed by TEM. In conclusion, PM_2.5 alone exposure could cause inflammation, endothelial function and ANS injuries, and ozone potentiated these effects induced by PM_2.5.     

Corneal assessment technologies: Current status

There are now many devices that acquire data about the cornea: shape, power, pachymetry at any desired point of the cornea, corneal hysteresis, flap thickness (in LASIK procedures), endothelial cell count and morphology, and so forth. We review the literature on corneal assessment techniques and devices available in clinical practice. Specifically, we discuss slit lamp biomicroscopy, specular microscopy, ultrasound pachymetry, confocal microscopy, very-high-frequency digital ultrasound biomicroscopy, optical coherence tomography, Placido disk-based keratoscopy, slit-scanning elevation topography, Scheimpflug imaging, and dynamic applanation procedures—all of which can be used to assess the morphology of the cornea. In addition, we present a critical analysis of the instrumentation described and discuss the necessity of developing new technology for assessing both the morphology and the physiology of the cornea.     

Challenges and Regulatory Considerations in the Acoustic Measurement of High‐Frequency (>20 MHz) Ultrasound

This article examines the challenges associated with making acoustic output measurements at high ultrasound frequencies (>20 MHz) in the context of regulatory considerations contained in the US Food and Drug Administration industry guidance document for diagnostic ultrasound devices. Error sources in the acoustic measurement, including hydrophone calibration and spatial averaging, nonlinear distortion, and mechanical alignment, are evaluated, and the limitations of currently available acoustic measurement instruments are discussed. An uncertainty analysis of acoustic intensity and power measurements is presented, and an example uncertainty calculation is done on a hypothetical 30‐MHz high‐frequency ultrasound system. This analysis concludes that the estimated measurement uncertainty of the acoustic intensity is +73%/?86%, and the uncertainty in the mechanical index is +37%/?43%. These values exceed the respective levels in the Food and Drug Administration guidance document of 30% and 15%, respectively, which are more representative of the measurement uncertainty associated with characterizing lower‐frequency ultrasound systems. Recommendations made for minimizing the measurement uncertainty include implementing a mechanical positioning system that has sufficient repeatability and precision, reconstructing the time‐pressure waveform via deconvolution using the hydrophone frequency response, and correcting for hydrophone spatial averaging.     

支气管镜直视下气道支架置入治疗恶性中心气道狭窄30例

目的 研究气道支架置入治疗恶性中心气道狭窄的临床价值.方法 对30例恶性中心气道狭窄患者在局麻下进行了支气管镜直视下置入国产金属气道支架.对于部分支架置入困难的内生性及混合性重度气道恶性狭窄患者,支架置入前以高频电及氩气刀对肿瘤进行了消融治疗.结果 30例患者均为恶性中心气道堵塞,所有患者均1次成功置入支架,置入支架后呼吸困难、喘憋等症状立即得到缓解.术中无严重不良反应发生.结论 局麻配合复合镇静下经支气管镜置入气道支架是治疗中心气道狭窄的有效方法,操作简单,安全,近期疗效可靠.对于支架置入困难的内生性及混合性重度气道恶性狭窄患者,支架置入前对肿瘤进行内镜下消融治疗有利于支架的置入.     

高频超声在皮肤疾病中的研究进展

多年来,皮肤科疾病的诊断和治疗效果的判定主要依靠临床医师的经验和病理检查。随着超声仪器的发展,高频超声的分辨率已逐渐向病理切片的分辨率靠近,这使得高频超声在皮肤科的作用得到凸显。本文对近年高频超声在皮肤科疾病中的应用进展进行综述。     

Preparation and Characterization of Narrow Size Distribution PMSQ Microspheres for High-Frequency Electronic Packaging

Polymethylsilsesquioxane (PMSQ) has become a kind of widely studied filler used in the electronic circuit board substrates due to its organic–inorganic hybrid structure, low dielectric constant, and good thermal stability, among other factors. Herein, the PMSQ microspheres were prepared by a two-step acid–base-catalyzed sol–gel method; the influences of reaction conditions including the ratio of water/methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS), reaction temperature, concentration of the catalyst, and stirring time were systematically investigated; and the optimized reaction condition was then obtained towards a narrow particle size distribution and good sphericity. The microstructure of PMSQ microspheres was analyzed by the infrared spectrum and X-ray diffraction (XRD), which indicated that the as-prepared PMSQ had a ladder-dominant structure. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) demonstrated an excellent thermal stability of as-prepared PMSQ microspheres. More specifically, the dielectric constants at high frequency (1~20 GHz) of as-prepared PMSQ microspheres were measured to be about 3.7, which turned out a lower dielectric constant compared to SiO₂ powder (≈4.0). This study paves the way to further improve the performance of the electronic circuit board substrates for the application of high-frequency electronic packaging.