高分级前列腺上皮内瘤和前列腺癌中Ezrin的表达及意义

目的探讨埃兹蛋白（Ezrin）在高分级前列腺上皮内瘤（HGPIN）及前列腺癌（CAP）中的表达及意义。方法采用免疫组化SP法检测44例CaP、12例HGPIN、20例前列腺增生（BPH）及10例正常前列腺（NP）组织中Ezrin的表达。结果31例（70．45％）CaP中Ezrin呈中等或强表达，12例HGPIN中Ezrin均呈弱或中等表达．20例BPH和10例NP中Ezrin没有或星弱表达。在CaP中。Gleason评分（GS）8～10分组的Ezrin表达明显高于7分组和5～6分组（P〈0．05），7分组Ezrin表达明显高于5～6分组（P〈0．05）。结论Ezrin的表达可能与CaP的发生有关，其对诊断HGPIN和判断CaP的转移及预后有重要意义。     

N-糖链抑制剂对高糖刺激鼠肾系膜细胞粘着斑激酶表达及透明质酸分泌的影响

目的：观察N-糖链抑制剂衣霉素(TM)和1-deoxymannojirimycin(DMM)对高糖刺激肾小球系膜细胞(GMC)增生、粘着斑激酶(FAK)表达及透明质酸(HA)分泌的影响。方法：体外培养大鼠GMC，分为七组：正常组，高糖组，甘露醇组，高糖加衣霉素组，高糖加DMM组，并设TM、DMM对照组。采用四唑盐比色(MTT)法测定细胞增生，免疫组织化学方法测定粘着斑激酶(FAK)，放射免疫法测定透明质酸(HA)含量。结果：高糖可诱导GMC增生、增加FAK表达及HA分泌。相对于正常培养条件下生长的GMC，N-糖链抑制剂TM和DMM对高糖作用条件下的GMC增生、FAK活性及HA分泌有更为明显的抑制作用。结论：N-糖链抑制剂TM和DMM可通过阻断糖链的合成和改变糖链类型抑制高糖诱导的细胞增生、FAK活性及HA分泌的作用。     

A case control study on HDL associated PON1 enzyme level in Northern Indian type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

Aim

To evaluate the serum paraoxonase 1 activity and determine its association with duration in type 2 Diabetes mellitus patients.

The quest for accuracy of blood pressure measuring devices

The accuracy of blood pressure (BP) measuring devices is fundamental to good practice and scientific research. International guidelines on BP measurement are provided for clinicians who diagnose and treat patients with hypertension, clinical researchers who conduct trials on the efficacy of BP lowering drugs and interventional strategies, epidemiologists who conduct population surveys to determine the demographic consequences of hypertension on society, and researchers who perform meta‐analyses on published research to further influence the practice of medicine and the provision of resources. Although the outcomes of the endeavors of all these groups are dependent on the accuracy of BP measurements, the equipment is often of doubtful accuracy and the methodology of measurement is often poorly described and frequently not standardized. Thus, the fundamental element of hypertension evaluation has been largely ignored by both clinical practitioners and scientific researchers. Here, the authors briefly review the development of efforts to improve and validate the accuracy of BP measuring devices and highlight the deficiencies that persist. We conclude that, to protect the public from the serious consequences of inaccurate BP measurements, the following steps are required: (1) regulatory requirement for mandatory independent validation of all BP measuring devices using a universal protocol; (2) accreditation of laboratories for the performance of BP device validations; (3) online evaluation of validation studies with detection of protocol violations prior to publication of results; and (4) establishment of an independent scientific forum for the listing of accurate BP measuring devices.     

Is mitochondrial DNA copy number a good prognostic marker in resectable pancreatic cancer?

Background

The aim of this prospective study was to investigate mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number in a group of resectable pancreatic cancer (PC) tumor tissues and adjacent normal pancreatic tissues, and to explore the correlation between the mtDNA content in tissues and the clinicopathological parameters and the overall survival.

Bilirubin and its changes were negatively associated with diabetic kidney disease incidence and progression: A five-year's cohort study based on 5323 Chinese male diabetic patients

Aims

This study aimed to evaluate the association between baseline bilirubin (TBiL) and follow-up TBiL changes for diabetic kidney disease (DKD) incidence and progression based on a 5?years' cohort study.

普萘洛尔及其对映体血药浓度对血浆心钠素水平的影响

本文研究８名健康志愿者口服单剂量普萘洛尔（４０ｍｇ）和１２名健康志愿者口服多剂量普萘洛尔（８０ｍｇ／ｄａｙ×３）后；静息状态和踏车兴奋状态时血浆心钠素（ＡＮＰ）水平的变化。口服单剂量普萘洛尔后３ｈ，静息状态时血浆ＡＮＰ水平升高１９．４±１１．１ｎｇ／Ｌ（Ｐ＜０．０５）；而运动状态时血浆ＡＮＰ升高更为明显，为６４．８±４０．９ｎｇ／Ｌ（Ｐ＜０．０５）。血浆ＡＮＰ的变化与普萘洛尔对映体Ｓ（－）－ＰＰＬ和Ｒ（＋）－ＰＰＬ浓度均具有良好的线性相关性，相关系数分别为０．８５６３和０．７１９２。口服多剂量普萘洛尔停药后１２ｈ，血浆ＡＮＰ仍可维持较高水平，较基础对照值升高３９．９±２８．３ｎｇ／Ｌ（Ｐ＜０．０５）。此结果提示，普萘洛尔参与了血浆ＡＮＰ水平的调控，这种作用尚难以用β肾上腺素能效应进行解释，可能与抑制ＡＮＰ的体内降解过程有关。     

Rules of formation of H–C–N–O compounds at high pressure and the fates of planetary ices

The solar system’s outer planets, and many of their moons, are dominated by matter from the H–C–N–O chemical space, based on solar system abundances of hydrogen and the planetary ices H2O, CH4, and NH3. In the planetary interiors, these ices will experience extreme pressure conditions, around 5 Mbar at the Neptune mantle–core boundary, and it is expected that they undergo phase transitions, decompose, and form entirely new compounds. While temperature will dictate the formation of compounds, ground-state density functional theory allows us to probe the chemical effects resulting from pressure alone. These structural developments in turn determine the planets’ interior structures, thermal evolution, and magnetic field generation, among others. Despite its importance, the H–C–N–O system has not been surveyed systematically to explore which compounds emerge at high-pressure conditions, and what governs their stability. Here, we report on and analyze an unbiased crystal structure search among H–C–N–O compounds between 1 and 5 Mbar. We demonstrate that simple chemical rules drive stability in this composition space, which explains why the simplest possible quaternary mixture HCNO—isoelectronic to diamond—emerges as a stable compound and discuss dominant decomposition products of planetary ice mixtures.

Crystal structure prediction coupled to electronic structure calculations has emerged as a powerful tool in computational materials science, in particular in the area of high-pressure science, where it can overcome the chemical imagination attuned to ambient conditions: The predictions—and subsequent experimental confirmations—of unusual compounds such as Na2He, H3S, or LaH10 attest to the predictive power of these approaches (1–6). The planetary ices H2O, CH4, and NH3 may dominate the interiors of icy planets, but under extreme conditions (7–10). High-pressure phases of these ices have been explored computationally, and some predictions of exotic phases of individual ices have also been confirmed by experiments (11–15). Arguably, computational predictions in this field are of crucial importance because of the challenges for laboratory experiments and the indirect nature of astronomical observations. However, with increasing number of constituents the structure searches become computationally much more demanding. Hence, while structure predictions for elemental and binary systems are routine there are far fewer extensive searches of ternary systems, and none for quaternary systems.The situation in the H–C–N–O quaternary system reflects this. A vast number of publications exist on the high-pressure evolution of the individual constituents H, C, N, and O (16–19). Binary systems have also been looked at in great detail (20–24). The ternary systems are much less investigated: While H–C–O, H–N–O, and C–N–O phase diagrams have been reported (25–27), the H–C–N ternary has not, for example. The PubChem database (28) lists just under 4.8 million molecular H–C–N compounds. Overall, it contains 44.6 million H–C–N–O compounds at ambient pressure, 78% of which are of true quaternary composition—this highlights both the complexity and the relevance of this quaternary system for organic chemistry. Back in the high-pressure area, some binary mixtures of planetary ices, for instance H2O–NH3 or N2–CH4 mixtures, which form a subset of the H–N–O and H–C–N ternaries, have been studied in simulations into the megabar pressure range (29–32). However, despite the overall importance of H–C–N–O both to planetary science and Earth-bound chemical and life sciences, to our knowledge there are no computational high-pressure studies of this system, or even subsets that include all four elements, for example binary or ternary molecular mixtures such as CO2–NH3 or NH3–H2O–CH4. Here, we explore the full H–C–N–O chemical space via crystal structure searches performed at 500 GPa. This resembles the pressure—if not the temperature—at Neptune’s core–mantle boundary and therefore helps illuminate potential pressure-induced chemical reactions in the deep interiors of the outer planets and giant icy exoplanets. It also helps us understand more generally what rules govern a familiar composition space at highly unfamiliar external conditions.     

Serum IgG and IgA antibodies to Chlamydia pneumoniae and severity of emphysema

OBJECTIVE: Chronic Chlamydia pneumoniae infection has been identified serologically in patients with COPD. The aim of this study was to examine whether the severity of emphysema is related to elevated antibody titres against C. pneumoniae. METHODOLOGY: We measured antibody titres against C. pneumoniae using ELISA, and assessed the severity of emphysema by the percentage of low attenuation area (%LAA) using high resolution (HR) CT in patients with COPD and in non-smoking control subjects. RESULTS: The mean %LAA was 2.2% in non-smoking controls (n = 28) and 13.3% in COPD patients (n = 94). COPD patients with a high IgG antibody index to C. pneumoniae (> or =2.0, n = 42) had a significantly higher %LAA (16.8%) than those with a low IgG index (<2.0, n = 52) (10.6%, P = 0.01). In addition, COPD patients with a high IgA antibody index (> or =2.0, n = 46) had a significantly higher %LAA (15.9%) than those with a low IgA index (<2.0, n = 48) (10.9%, P = 0.048). COPD patients with a high IgA antibody index also had a significantly lower %DLco than that associated with a low IgA index (68.1% and 80.3%, respectively, P = 0.007). There were no significant differences in age, smoking index or FEV(1)/FVC between these groups. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that high antibody titres against C. pneumoniae are linked with the severity of emphysema on high resolution CT and decreased diffusing capacity to carbon monoxide.     

2013-2014年季节性流行性感冒疫苗免疫血清针对我国流行株的抗体水平分析

目的 分析季节性流行性感冒(流感)疫苗免疫血清针对我国流行株的抗体水平及我国流行株与疫苗株的匹配性. 方法 采集不同年龄组人群疫苗接种前后的血清,利用流感流行株和疫苗株作为病毒抗原,应用血凝抑制试验(HI)方法对血清进行检测. 结果 三价流感疫苗对我国A(H1N1)Pdm09亚型流行株产生的抗体平均几何滴度(GMT)低于针对疫苗株病毒的GMT,血清抗体滴度 40的比例为57.0%～63.3%;对我国A(H3N2)亚型流行株产生的GMT与针对疫苗株病毒的GMT类似,血清抗体滴度超过40的比例为57.6%～63.0%;对B型流行株产生的血清抗体GMT低于针对疫苗株的GMT,不过超过了疫苗株抗体GMT的50%.不同年龄组的血清抗体反应不同,成年组相对较高. 结论 2013-2014年季节性流感疫苗与同期流行的A(H1N1)Pdm09亚型流感病毒和B型流行株Yamagata系流感病毒较为匹配;H3N2亚型疫苗与流行株的匹配性较低,有可能会导致疫苗的保护效果降低.