颅脑损伤者智力及记忆障碍法医学鉴定的相关因素分析

目的 探讨交通事故所致颅脑损伤者的智力和记忆障碍特点及相关影响因素.方法 对近年受理的325例颅脑损伤者所做韦氏智力测验（IQ）及韦氏记忆测验（MQ）等级与影响因素进行分析.结果 ①325例脑外伤案例的智力测验评定等级：迟钝31例,边缘智能状态98例,轻度智能减退159例,中度智能减退30例,重度智能减退5例,极重度智能减退2例.智力障碍与脑损伤程度及范围有一定相关性.②325例伤者中MQ＜70分有295例（90.77％）,以短时记忆降低最为明显（F=93.98,P＜0.01）.轻型脑损伤者多数智力水平虽在边缘智能状态以上,但仍普遍（78.30％）有记忆减退,伤后记忆减退人数多于智力减退人数,智力损伤与记忆损伤不平衡.③测验时机不同,部分测验结果不同,重复鉴定时心理测验影响因素增加.④心理测验综合评定结果与专家组鉴定结论比较,无显著差异（x2=1.73,P＞0.05）,符合率为79.98％.结论 韦氏智力测验（IQ）及记忆测验（MQ）等级受多种因素影响,评定时应进行综合评定.     

PDCA理论在我院医学装备管理中的应用

改革的深入和医院的发展对设备处的要求逐步提高,设备处工作的持续改进在现代医院管理中尤其重要。本文从对PDCA理论（戴明环）的认识出发,结合2013年我院设备采购和迎接三甲复审两方面工作,探讨如何持续改进设备处工作。     

乙肝肝硬化患者肝体积的多层螺旋CT测量及与Child-Pugh分级的相关性

目的 探讨乙肝肝硬化患者随着硬化严重程度的增加,肝脏各叶及肝脏总体积的变化规律.方法 选择在我院行上腹部增强CT扫描的乙肝肝硬化住院患者101例,Child-PughA级31例,Child-Pugh B级42例,Child-Pugh C级28例,平均年龄52.72岁,对照组为同期98例无肝脏基础疾病,因其他原因行上腹部CT增强扫描的受检者,平均年龄51.73岁.采用Syngo Acquisition工作站的Volume软件分别测量肝脏各叶体积.结果 肝硬化Child-Pugh各分级患者的肝脏左外叶体积均大于对照组,Child-Pugh A级大于B级(P＜0.05);肝硬化Child-Pugh各分级患者左内叶、右前叶体积较对照组缩小(P＜0.05);Child-PughA、B级肝硬化右后叶体积较对照组缩小(P＜0.05);尾状叶体积Child-Pugh A、C级较对照组增大(P＜0.05);总肝体积Child-Pugh B、C级小于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 乙肝肝硬化患者肝脏左外叶及尾状叶增大,左内叶、右前叶、右后叶及肝脏总体积缩小,但肝脏各叶体积变化与肝功能异常程度并不完全一致.     

冷刀锥切缝合术的临床应用

目的：评价不同的宫颈冷刀锥切缝合术治疗宫颈上皮内瘤变Ⅲ级的临床效果.方法：92例确诊为宫颈上皮内瘤变Ⅲ级的患者,随机选取46例作研究组,施行宫颈冷刀锥切术,采用4点缝合法;另外46例作对照组,施行宫颈冷刀锥切术,采用连续而简单的褥式传统缝合法,比较不同缝合方法的临床疗效.结果：研究组和对照组缝合时间分别为（35±10）min和（45 ±30） min,术中出血量分别为（42±20）ml和（65±40）ml,术后住院天数分别为（1.5±1.8）d和（3.8±2.4）d,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.01）;两组术后阴道流血时间分别为（2.8±0.5）d和（3.6±0.3）d,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;两组均无复发、感染等并发症出现.结论：宫颈冷刀锥切术后4点缝合法的效果明显优于传统的褥式缝合法.     

卫生型仪表的标准和法规性要求及其发展现状

为有助于消除制药行业对所谓＂卫生型＂、＂无菌型＂以及有关标准和法规普遍存在的困惑和误解,主要介绍有关＂卫生型＂、＂无菌型＂的概念、卫生型和卫生型仪表的标准、医药行业的有关法规要求以及卫生型仪表的现状和将来的发展。     

Long‐term risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 or worse according to high‐risk human papillomavirus genotype and semi‐quantitative viral load among 33,288 women with normal cervical cytology

In this prospective cohort study, we estimated the long‐term risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 or cancer (CIN3+) by high‐risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) genotype and semi‐quantitative viral load at baseline among 33,288 women aged 14–90 years with normal baseline cytology. During 2002–2005, residual liquid‐based cervical cytology samples were collected from women screened for cervical cancer in Copenhagen, Denmark. Samples were HPV‐tested with Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2) and genotyped with INNO‐LiPA. Semi‐quantitative viral load was measured by HC2 relative light units in women with single hrHPV infections. The cohort was followed in a nationwide pathology register for up to 11.5 years. In women aged ≥30 years at baseline, the 8‐year absolute risk for CIN3+ following baseline detection of HPV16 was 21.8% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 18.0–25.6%). The corresponding risks for HPV18, HPV31, HPV33, and other hrHPV types, respectively, were 12.8% (95% CI: 7.6–18.0%), 11.3% (95% CI: 7.7–14.9%), 12.9% (95% CI: 7.0–18.8%) and 3.9% (95% CI: 2.7–5.2%). Similar absolute risk estimates were observed in women aged <30 years. Higher HPV16‐viral load was associated with increased risk of CIN3+ (hazard ratio = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.10–1.64, per 10‐fold increase in viral load). A similar trend, although statistically nonsignificant, was found for viral load of HPV18. The 8‐year absolute risk of CIN3+ in women with HPV16‐viral load ≥100.0 pg/ml was 30.2% (95% CI: 21.9–38.6%). Our results support that hrHPV genotyping during cervical cancer screening may help identify women at highest risk of CIN3+.     

Reflex Human Papillomavirus Test Results as an Option for the Management of Korean Women With Atypical Squamous Cells Cannot Exclude High‐Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion

Background.

Current guidelines recommend initial colposcopy with biopsy regardless of human papillomavirus (HPV) test results in women with atypical squamous cells, cannot exclude high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (ASC-H). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the value of HPV testing in women with ASC-H based on colposcopic pathology results.

Materials and Methods.

A multicenter cross-sectional study was carried out at three academic hospitals and involved 40,847 Korean women who underwent cervical cancer screening with cytology and HPV tests with or without subsequent colposcopic biopsies between January 2007 and December 2013.

Results.

ASC-H was diagnosed in 276 women (0.7%). Only 6 of 68 (8.8%) women with ASC-H who were HPV negative had cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade ≥2 (CIN ≥2) lesions, whereas 47.4% of the women with ASC-H who were HPV positive had CIN ≥2 lesions. No cases of invasive cervical cancer were diagnosed among women with ASC-H who were HPV negative. Logistic regression analysis was performed using the group with normal Papanicolaou test results and HPV-negative status as the reference group. Women with ASC-H who were HPV positive had a significantly increased risk of CIN ≥2 lesions, whereas no significant increase was observed in patients with ASC-H and HPV-negative status.

Conclusion.

If the result of the HPV test was negative, the risk of CIN ≥2 lesions in Korean women with ASC-H cytology was low. Reflex HPV testing should be an option for the management of women with cytology showing ASC-H to decrease unnecessary colposcopic biopsies, which are expensive and invasive.

Implications for Practice:

Current American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology guidelines recommend universal colposcopy for the management of women with atypical squamous cells, cannot exclude high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (ASC-H) on cytology, regardless of human papillomavirus (HPV) test results. The present study suggested that HPV cotesting in patients with ASC-H cytology can provide more detailed and useful information regarding the risk of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) lesions and the need for further treatment. When the result of the HPV test was negative, the risk of CIN lesions of grade ≥2 in women with ASC-H cytology was low. Consequently, reflex HPV testing, rather than immediately performance of invasive and expensive colposcopy with biopsy, should be an option for the management of women with ASC-H.