药热上炎与相关内分泌激素关系初探

目的：探讨药热上炎的病理生理学基础。方法：检测药热上炎患者在温热药使用前后、大黄治疗前后游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)、高灵敏度促甲状腺素(HS—TSH)、皮质醇(Cortiso1)的变化。结果：药热上炎患者FT3、FT4降低，HS—TSH升高，Cortisol轻度升高。结论：药热上炎的病理生理学基础是机体处于应激状态，全体—甲状腺轴分泌起生理性保护作用，肾上腺皮质功能偏亢，大黄能通过抑制机体代谢而控制这种应激状态。     

经静脉安置埋藏式心脏复律除颤器的临床应用

目的　评价埋藏式心脏复律除颤器 (ICD)的治疗作用。方法　反复发作室性心动过速 (VT)患者安装 ICD,并随访 18个月。结果　术中测得除颤阻抗为 5 9欧 ,除颤阈值 <10 J。术后复发室性心动过速 ,均经 ICD治疗成功转复室性心律 ,有效率 10 0 %。结论　 ICD能有效转复恶性心律失常     

38例晚期产后出血的临床分析

目的:探讨引起晚期产后出血的临床原因。方法:对1998年-2002年间收治产后出血发生晚期出血的38例资料进行回顾性分析。结果:38例中在基层乡镇医院分娩者占68.4％,在市级医院分娩者占31.6％。结论:晚期产后出血的主要原因是胎盘胎膜残留和子宫切口愈合不良。     

PRIMARY INTRACRANIAL GERM CELL TUMORS: Clinicopathologic Review of 32 Cases

Primary intracranial germ cell neoplasms are rare tumors and constitute a heterogeneous group. We have reviewed 32 cases, over a 21-year period, from the University of Florida. The cases include 22 germinomas, 6 mixed germ cell tumors, and 4 teratomas. The clinical presentations in these cases were more closely related to the location of the tumor, that is, pineal or suprasellar, rather than the histologic subtype. Neuroimaging evaluation was useful in distinguishing between germinomas, teratomas, and other mixed germ cell tumors (MGCTs), primarily by evaluation of cystic versus solid lesions (teratoma versus germinoma), contents of cysts (teratoma versus MGCT), and infiltrative nature of the tumors (MGCT), although cytologic-histopathologic confirmation remains necessary. Germinomas responded favorably to radiation therapy with survival periods of over 16 years; MGCTs were treated with combination chemotherapy and radiation, with a markedly poorer prognosis. This study underlines the critical significance of histopathologic evaluation of the tumor in determining therapeutic interventions as well as prognosis.     

Long-term follow up of children with head injuries-classified as “good recovery” using the Glasgow Outcome Scale: neurological, neuropsychological and magnetic resonance imaging results

The primary issues addressed in this study were: (1) determination of the significance of the classification “good outcome” utilizing the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) in children at least 1 year after brain injury; (2) detection of residual lesions of brain parenchyma in these children upon follow up MRI scans; and (3) detection of relationships between neuropsychological test performance and MRI results. Selection criteria included children 6–15 years of age at the time of testing who received an initial CT scan at the time of their head injury and who had been injured at least 12 months prior to the follow up test. Only children who did not demonstrate neurological disability at the time of follow up examination were selected. The children showed a status of “good outcome” as defined by the GOS. Neurological examination, neuropsychological tests and an MRI were done. The test results of 59 patients were compared to those of a matched control group. Children, after receiving head injuries, showed significantly poorer results with respect to cognitive, motor and fine motor skills. Of all MRI-scans 66% revealed pathological findings. Cortical lesions were detected on MRI in 14% of cases; subcortical injuries were detected in 12% and, deep white matter lesions in 31%. Furthermore, corpus callosum damage was observed in 26% of cases. Pathological MRI findings were also observed in children with mild head injuries. All of the children with normal MRI findings showed abilities comparable to those of children in the control group. Patients with cortical lesions exhibited only motor deficits, whereas motor and cognitive deficits were seen in patients with deep white matter lesions. Children with multiple lesions demonstrated test results in all variables 1 to 2 standard deviations below those of the control group. Conclusions Children suffering a brain injury who 1 year later are classified within the “good outcome” group according to the Glasgow Outcome Scale often have significant morphological and functional brain deficits. Received: 6 January 1996 /  Accepted: 10 August 1996     

Evaluation of neurodevelopmental outcome in highrisk infants in Australia

An understanding of the neurodevelopmental outcome of long-term survivors of neonatal intensive care is essential for the informed management of preterm or high risk infants. This annotation looks at the current status of neonatal follow-up services in Australasia and highlights problems in the collection and interpretation of data. It suggests that we should work towards achieving a consensus on standard definitions and test regimes and on national data collection.     

两种产后立即放置TCu380A宫内节育器方法的比较——910例12个月随访分析

目的：比较徒手和卵圆钳两种方法对产后立即放置（ＩＰＰＩ）宫内节育器（ＩＵＤ）效果的影响。方法：将９１０例阴道分娩产妇（其中９７．７％是首次分娩）随机分成两组，于胎盘娩出后１０分钟内放置ＴＣｕ３８０ＡＩＵＤ，其中４７０例徒手放置（手放组），４４０例用卵圆钳放置（钳放组）。随访１２个月，以生命表法统计、χ２检验比较两种放置方法的脱落率、妊娠率、因症取出率等。结果：６和１２个月的随访率分别为９５．１６％和９２．６４％。９１０例中未发生子宫穿孔和感染，仅手放组有１例带器妊娠。放置后主要停用原因是脱落，手放组与钳放组１２个月的粗累积脱落率分别为１５．８６／１００妇女和１５．８８／１００妇女，因症（出血、疼痛）取出率分别为２．１１／１００妇女和１．５７／１００妇女，差异无显著性（Ｐ均＞０．０５）。结论：徒手放置或卵圆钳放置对ＩＰＰＩ的效果无明显影响；ＴＣｕ３８０ＡＩＵＤ适合中国妇女产后立即放置。     

早产儿体格智能发育随访及预后相关因素分析

【目的】了解早产儿婴幼儿期体格智能发育的情况，并对影响其智能发育和预后的因素进行分析。【方法】对中山大学附属第一医院1996～2000年出生的291例早产儿在婴幼儿期进行体格智能发育测试，并对所有小儿作常规体格检查；采用婴幼儿智能发育测验手册(CDCC)进行智能和运动测试，得出智能发育指数(MDI)及运动发育指数(PDI)；并分析各种相关因素。【结果】研究对象中体格发育及智能运动发育落后率较高，且发生脑瘫等残疾率高；脑瘫患儿在围生期均有引起脑缺氧损伤的严重疾患；多因素分析结果显示围生期疾患的严重程度、胎龄、父母文化程度以及早期干预与MDI和PDI有相关关系。【结论】早产儿婴幼儿期智能运动发育落后的比例较高且致残率高，与围生期损伤神经系统的高危因素密切相关，早期干预可促进智能及运动发育。应重视早产儿智能和运动发育的观察，做好定期随访工作，及早进行干预康复治疗，提高此群体的远期生存质量。     

西宁地区窒息新生儿早期干预效果评价

目的 :了解早期干预 (早期教育 )对于防治西宁地区 (高原 )窒息所致脑损伤新生儿智力低下的效果。方法 :对于西宁地区出生在我院的足月窒息儿按收治先后分别随机分配原则 ,分为早期干预组 (30例 ) ,常规育儿组 (2 8例 ) ,并设正常小儿为对照组 (32例 )。早期干预组从新生儿期开始采取早期干预措施。 3组小儿在体格发育、家庭环境、父母文化程度等方面没有明显差别。结果 :6个月时早期干预组和常规育儿组婴儿智力发育差异无显著性 (P>0 .0 5 ) ,早期干预组和正常小儿对照组差异有显著性 (P<0 .0 1) ,18个月时智力发育指数早期干预组明显优于常规育儿组 (P<0 .0 1) ,完全赶上正常小儿发育水平 (P>0 .0 5 )。结论 :早期干预对于防治西宁地区窒息新生儿智力低下是有效的     

新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病及脑室扩大的随访

目的探对影响新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病(HIE)及脑室扩大患儿预后的因素 方法 对我院2002年1-12月收治的足月新生儿HIE 76例出院后进行3-19个月随访,其中26例在"SARS"期间改用电话随访 结果 住院HIE患儿88例,随访76例(86.4％),健康存活73例(96.1％),死亡2例(2.6％),脑瘫1例(1.3％) 轻度HIE 39例无后遗症;中度35例中脑瘫、死亡各1例(各2.9％),重度2例中死亡1例(50％),另1例无后遗症 有阿氏评分记录者71例,其中1 mm 8-10分30例中脑瘫1例(3％),1mm≤7分、5mm8-10分者17例均无后遗症;1mm、5mm均≤7分者24例中死亡2例(8％) 预后不良与胎儿发育迟缓、重度窒息、治疗不当等有关 头颅B超随访49例,脑室扩大12例(24.5％),其中出生时即有、随访中出现各6例,后者脑瘫1例,余在12-19个月恢复正常 结论 影响HIE预后不良的因素与胎儿发育迟缓、重度窒息、治疗不当等有关随访中可见一过性脑室扩大,预后良好