Development of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis C who had a sustained virological response to interferon therapy: a multicenter, retrospective cohort study of 1124 patients.

BACKGROUND: Interferon (IFN) improves hepatic inflammation/fibrosis and reduces the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CH-C). However, HCC develops in some patients who have a sustained virological response (SVR) to IFN therapy. We designed this study to establish a follow-up protocol for patients with CH-C who have SVR to IFN therapy. METHODS: We retrospectively studied 1124 patients with CH-C who received IFN. RESULTS: HCC developed in 3.5% of patients with SVR to IFN. As compared with SVR patients without HCC, SVR patients with HCC were predominantly male (P=0.003), older at the initiation of IFN therapy (P=0.002), and at a more advanced histologic stage of disease (P<0.001). However, three of the 13 SVR HCC patients had mild fibrosis. The mean interval from IFN therapy to the detection of HCC in SVR HCC patients was 5.8 years and did not differ significantly from that in non-SVR HCC patients (P=0.304). Although most patients with HCC received curative therapy, the prognosis of some SVR HCC patients was poor, probably because of insufficient follow-up, resulting in delayed detection of HCC. CONCLUSIONS: SVR patients with CH-C who are elderly, male, or have an advanced histologic stage are at a high risk for the development of HCC after IFN therapy. We recommend that SVR patients should be observed carefully for more than 10 years after the completion of IFN therapy, even if they only have early fibrosis.     

右房射频消融术治疗心房扑动

对５例阵发性心房扑动（简称房扑）患者行右房射频消融术。３例单型房扑消融成功，２例复合型房扑／房颤失败。３例成功者随访６个月无复发。房扑与右房内大折返运动有密切关系。射频消融结果与右房结构、房扑的类型及折返运动有关。右房射频消融的远期效果仍有待研究     

吲哒帕胺对高血压高危患者血清肌酐、尿酸、血钾及左室肥厚的长期影响

目的　观察吲哒帕胺 (寿比山 )在高血压高危患者中长期应用时SCr、UA、血钾的变化 ,以及合用血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂 (ACEI)能否减轻这些变化。方法　吲哒帕胺组 (Ⅰ组 ) 182例 ,给予吲哒帕胺 2 .5mg/d口服 ,如 2～ 4周后未达到目标血压 (<14 0 / 90mmHg)则加用ACEI苯那普利 (10mg/d)或卡托普利 (2 5～ 75mg/d)。对照组 (C组 )2 10例 ,给予钙拮抗剂 (硝苯地平 30mg/d或非洛地平 5mg/d)或 /和ACEI(苯那普利 10mg/d或卡托普利 2 5～ 75mg/d) ,治疗前后测定SCr、UA、血钾、血脂和血糖并做心超测定左室重量指数。结果　Ⅰ组SCr、UA明显升高 ;Ⅰ组有 7例SCr>2 5 0 μmol/L(而C组为 3例 ,3.8%vs 1.4 % ,P <0 0 5 ) ;7例因UA明显升高而诱发痛风 ;血钾明显降低 (P <0 0 0 1) ,低血钾发生率 14 .8% (C组仅 1.4 % ,P <0 0 0 1)。在Ⅰ组中 ,吲哒帕胺与ACEI合用者与单用吲哒帕胺者相比 ,SCr和UA升高的幅度及血钾降低的幅度明显降低 (P <0 0 1) ,低血钾的发生率亦明显减少 (5 .8%vs 2 5 .3% ,P<0 0 1)。Ⅰ组和C组伴LVH者的LVMI分别减轻 10 8%和 11.5 %。Ⅰ组单用吲哒帕胺的有效降压 (BP <14 0 / 90mmHg)率为 4 9.2 % ,加用ACEI后提高到 85 .3%。结论　吲哒帕胺降压作用肯定 ,长期服用能减轻高血压左室肥厚 ,对     

Attentional capture during visual search is attenuated by target predictability: Evidence from the N2pc,Pd, and topographic segmentation

Attentional capture by salient distractors has been confirmed by the occurrence of an N2pc to the salient distractor. To clarify some failures to replicate this finding, we varied target predictability to induce different search modes. In the unpredictable target condition, the target shape varied randomly from trial to trial, favoring singleton detection mode. In the predictable target condition, the target shape remained the same in a block of trials, favoring feature search mode. With unpredictable targets, we observed an N2pc toward the salient color distractor, confirming attentional capture in singleton search mode. With predictable targets, there was no N2pc to the salient distractor, but a distractor positivity (Pd), suggesting distractor suppression. Also, differences emerged in the topographic segmentation of N2pc and Pd. Further, the amplitude of the N2pc toward the target was larger with predictable than with unpredictable targets.     

胸部体检人群气管憩室变化的MSCT随访观察

目的:随访观察胸部体检人群气管憩室(TD)的MSCT表现变化,探讨其机制及意义。方法:搜集行胸部CT健康体检及MSCT随访复查的78例TD患者,对比观察憩室大小、分隔、憩室气管间隔(DTS)、憩室气管间气瘘管(AFDT)、气管指数(TI)及肺大泡改变。结果:TD位于气管右侧75例,左侧3例。随访复查显示TD体积增大者明显多于TD体积缩小者(χ^2值=4.51,P<0.05);首次检查和随访复查中,TD体积增大组与缩小组间的TD体积比较差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为4.35、5.72,P<0.05)。24例出现分隔,6例增粗,3例变细,11例变形。41例DTS宽度、长短或弯弧形态发生变化;首次检查和随访复查中,DTS宽度增大组与缩小组间的DTS宽度比较差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为4.23、4.87,P<0.05)。29例(37.18%)显示AFDT,复查消失9例,再现5例,走向变化17例。AFDT倾斜角随访变化量矢状面明显大于横轴面(t=6.35,P<0.05)。32例CTVE显示内口,最多者5个,随访消失3个,增多5个。44例TI比值增大患者中,31例TD增大,28例DTS变薄,32例AFDT形态走向发生变化,5例TD伴感染表现,6例新出现肺大泡。结论:TD形态和结构随访均可发生变化,关注TD变化有助于协同评估肺功能变化,对临床具有一定指导价值。     

More than a decade after live donor nephrectomy: a prospective cohort study

Previously reported short‐term results after live kidney donation show no negative consequences for the donor. The incidence of new‐onset morbidity takes years to emerge, making it highly likely that this will be missed during short‐term follow‐up. Therefore, evidence on long‐term outcome is essential. A 10‐year follow‐up on renal function, hypertension, quality of life (QOL), fatigue, and survival was performed of a prospective cohort of 100 donors. After a median follow‐up time of 10 years, clinical data were available for 97 donors and QOL data for 74 donors. Nine donors died during follow‐up of unrelated causes to donation, and one donor was lost to follow‐up. There was a significant decrease in kidney function of 12.9 ml/min (P < 0.001) at follow‐up. QOL showed significant clinically relevant decreases of 10‐year follow‐up scores in SF‐36 dimensions of physical function (P < 0.001), bodily pain (P = 0.001), and general health (P < 0.001). MFI‐20 scores were significantly higher for general fatigue (P < 0.001), physical fatigue (P < 0.001), reduced activity (P = 0.019), and reduced motivation (P = 0.030). New‐onset hypertension was present in 25.6% of the donors. Donor outcomes are excellent 10 years post‐donation. Kidney function appears stable, and hypertension does not seem to occur more frequently compared to the general population.     

不同疗程含异烟肼、利福平方案对尘肺结核近远期疗效观察

目的探讨以ＨＲ为主不同疗程化疗方案对菌阳尘肺结核的近远期疗效。方法将７９例菌阳病例分为９月组（Ｍ９：２ＳＨＲＺ／７ＨＲＥ）、１２月组（Ｍ１２：２ＳＨＲＺ／１０ＨＲＥ）、１８月组（Ｍ１８：２ＳＨＲＺ／１０ＨＲＥ／６ＨＲ），分别采用不同方案治疗。疗效考核以痰菌为主要依据。满疗程随访５～８年。结果Ｍ９、Ｍ１２、Ｍ１８组满疗程痰菌阴转率分别为８３％、９６％、９５％，随访期间痰菌复阳率分别为４１％、４％、５％，其中随访１～４年痰菌复阳率分别为６％、８％、２％、２％，第５～８年无复阳病例。结论１２月方案（２ＳＨＲＺ／１０ＨＲＥ）对复治菌阳尘肺结核有效；随访时间以４～５年为宜。