中医诊断学教学方法新探讨

中医诊断学是中医基础与临床各科之间的桥梁课程.针对传统中医诊断教学中存在的一些弊端,从对比教学、启发式教学、场景教学、多媒体教学、学生参与教学、奖励式教学、复式组合教学和实验教学8个方面对中医诊断教学方法做了一些新的探讨,以拓宽学术视野,开阔教学思路,并希望能为中医高等教育教学改革提供有益的借鉴.     

感染科住院医师规范化培训的实践与探索

住院医师规范化培训是医学生毕业后教育的重要组成部分,是培养合格的、具有综合素养的青年医师的重要手段。西安交通大学第二附属医院感染科在住院医师规范化培训的实践与探索中,逐步建立了符合专业特点的规培管理体系,包括规培管理梯队、规培实施细则、三阶段评价反馈体系、教学相长双向培训模式、三维评价体系等,旨在以岗位胜任力为导向,从理论知识、临床技能、医学人文素养、科研能力、人际沟通能力,多维度高质量的进行住院医师规范化培训工作。     

Non-Mass Breast Lesions on Ultrasound: Feature Exploration and Multimode Ultrasonic Diagnosis

The aim of this study was to analyze the features of non-mass breast lesions (NMLs) on B-mode ultrasound (US), color Doppler US, strain elastography (SE) and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and to develop a multimode ultrasonic method for NML differentiation. Seventy-one NMLs were included in this retrospective study. Binary logistic regression was used to identify the independent risk factors. Pathology results were used as the standard criterion. Microcalcification on US, high stiffness on SE and hyper-enhanced intensity on CEUS were identified as features correlated with malignancy. A multimode method to evaluate NMLs based on the logistic regression was developed. The sensitivity and specificity for US, US?+?Doppler, US?+?SE, US?+?CEUS and the multimode method were 100% and 29%, 92.5% and 41.9%, 97.5% and 58.1%, 90.0% and 58.1% and 95.0% and 77.4%, respectively. The accuracy of these methods was 69.0%, 70.4%, 80.2%, 76.1% and 87.3%, respectively. The multimode ultrasonic method is simple and exhibited high diagnostic performance, which might be helpful for predicting the potential malignancy of NMLs.     

小儿外科手术中行丙泊酚靶控加单次硬膜的效果探究

目的探究在小儿外科手术中行丙泊酚靶控加单次硬膜的效果。方法选取2012年9月-2014年1月来本院接受手术治疗的80例患儿作为研究对象，随机等分为研究组和对照组，分别为单次硬膜外加丙泊酚靶控和氯胺酮麻醉，比较不同时间段的两组患者血压、心率及血氧饱和度及肢体乱动、肌松程度等指标。结果对照组开始手术和结束手术时的血压、心率与进手术时前相比均显著升高（P〈0．05），而研究组的血压则无明显变化，但同时刻比较对照组则较低，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；研究组心率在开始手术和结束手术时与进手术时前相比明显降低（P〈0．05），与对照组同时点相比也降低不少（P〈0．05）；研究组肢动较少，苏醒时间缩短，差别有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论在小儿外科手术中行丙泊酚靶控加单次硬膜对小儿呼吸、循环影响不大，并且有效果好、苏醒快、安全的特点。     

竞赛驱动下医学专业“课程思政”的实践教学改革探索

当今医患矛盾日益突出、医患关系不断恶化的背景下,医学高等教育坚持用社会主义核心价值观引领意识形态的潮流,遵循社会主义核心价值观做导向,做到勤学、修德、立志、成才达到全方位育人目的。为落实立德树人根本任务,深度挖掘课程德育内涵,推动"课程思政"责任共同体,教师为主体,既可创新教学改革方法,有效充分发挥课程"育人"功能,将"课程思政"贯穿教育教学全过程,目的是医学专业基础课与思想政治理论同向同行,形成协同效应",以赛促教,增进实效"多元化竞赛,深入挖掘蕴含在专业知识里的德育元素,竞赛活动为载体促进"课程思政"与医学知识融合。在调研医学课程中专业课"课程思政"的现状基础上,不断充分挖掘医学专业课程中的思政元素,做到润物细无声,构建"竞赛驱动—课程思政融入-教学改革-学生批判能力培养"的教学改革实践模式,既将以竞赛为驱动力,并以医学专业知识为载体融入思政元素,提高医学生社会价值观的形成。坚持理论学习与实践教学相衔接,体会理论知识外化为实践能力,化知为行、知行合一。以赛促教、以赛促学"从专业角度发挥课堂主渠道,做好立德树人工作。     

Controversy and Strategies Exploration in Blocking Mother-to-Child Transmission of Hepatitis B

Hepatitis B, a serious infectious disease caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV), remains a worldwide social and public health problem. Hepatitis B has a particularly high incidence rate in the world, whereas approximately 35–50% HBV carriers are infected through vertical transmission. Even after newborn immunoprophylaxis, vertical transmission still accounts for 5–10% in China according to plenty of literature in Chinese language. For these reasons, it is important to determine how to effectively intervene in mother-to-child transmission (MTCT). To date, though, intervention methods and measures remain controversial. In order to understand the mechanism of MTCT intervention further and develop effective preventions and interventions, a comprehensive analysis and presentation on some of its more controversial issues will be given in this paper. And eventually we conclude three measures and strategies for these issues: (1) emancipate the mind and seek truth from facts to understand the controversial issues pertaining to MTCT of HBV; (2) treat the basic rules and changing characteristics of MTCT blocking process of hepatitis B with holistic medical thought dialectically and (3) further explore the interaction of genetic susceptibility and environmental factors of MTCT of hepatitis B.     

泪道探通术联合硅胶管植入术治疗鼻泪管阻塞的护理研究

目的探讨泪道探通术联合硅胶管植入术的临床护理对提高鼻泪管阻塞患者的治愈率,缓解患者生理、心理上痛苦的效果。方法筛选2011年10月-2013年10月就诊于武警后勤学院附属医院眼科的50例(50眼)鼻泪管阻塞患者,通过泪道探通术联合硅胶管植入术进行治疗,并对其实施围术期护理和出院指导,观察其预后疗效。结果治愈42眼,好转6眼,无效2眼,有效率:治愈+好转=96%。结论通实施对泪道探通术联合硅胶管植入术的围术期护理和出院指导,可提高鼻泪管阻塞患者的治疗成功率,从而使患者的疾病得到改善,生活质量得到提高。     

Predictors of common bile duct lithiasis in laparoscopic era

AIM:To analyze retrospectively the records of 294 conse-cutive patients operated upon for gallbladder stones, to determine the predictive factors of synchronous common bile duct (CBD) stones and validate prospectively the generated model. METHODS: The prognostic estimation of a biochemical test and ultrasonography alone to differentiate between the absence and presence of choledocholithiasis was assessed using receiver operating characteristics curve analysis. Multivariate analysis was employed using discriminant analysis for establishment of a best model.Prospective validation of the model was made. RESULTS: Discriminant forward stepwise analysis disclosed that high values (≥2×normal) of SGOT,ALP, conjugated bilirubin and CBD diameter on ultrasound ≥10 mm were all prognostic factors of CBD lithiasis in univariate and multivariate analysis, P<0.01. History was not included in the model.Prospective validation of the model was performed by multivariate analysis using Visual General Stepwise Regression. Positive predictive value, when considering all these predictors,was 93.3%,while the negative predictive value was 88.8%.Sensitivity of the model was 96.5% and specificity 80%. CONCLUSION: The above model can be objectively applied to predict the presence of CBD stones.     

《养生类纂》征引文献考略

南宋周守忠纂辑的《养生类纂》是中国现存最早的汇编类养生专着,该书摘录了190余种着述中的养生内容,这些着作广泛涉及经史子集及佛道文献,其中有不少是佚书。通过对《养生类纂》征引的文献进行了考察,分析了其在辑佚、整理古籍方面的文献学价值。同时也发现其引文存在脱文、文字讹误、误注出处等问题。最后探讨了该书与明代养生文献《养生余录》的关系,认为《养生余录》上篇《总论养生篇》的内容是摘自《养生类纂》卷一《养生部》。