护理干预对同步放化疗治疗非小细胞肺癌患者疗效及生活质量的影响

目的探讨护理干预对同步放化疗治疗非小细胞肺癌疗效及生活质量的影响。方法均给予本院50例非小细胞肺癌患者同步放化疗治疗,根据随机数字法,将其分为对照组(常规护理)和观察组(护理干预),各25例,比较2组治疗的临床疗效、生活质量评分及护理满意度。结果与对照组相比,观察组治疗的总有效率显著增高(P0.05),观察组护理后生活质量各维度得分及总分均显著增高(P0.05);与对照组相比,观察组患者对护理服务满意度显著提升(P0.05)。结论同步放化疗治疗非小细胞肺癌期间,有效的护理干预能够提高临床疗效,提升患者的生活质量及满意度。     

放疗联合长春瑞滨加顺铂同步治疗Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌的临床研究

目的为了比较放射治疗联合长春瑞滨(NVB)加顺铂(DDP)同步与序贯放化疗治疗Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)的疗效及毒副反应。方法将64例Ⅲ期NSCLC患者随机分成2组,同步放化疗组(32例):放疗第1天起即同时开始化疗。序贯放化疗组(32例):入组后先予化疗2个疗程,再单独予放疗。结果近期有效率(CR+PR)同步放化疗组为68.7%,序贯放化疗组为43.7%,P=0.03。1、2、3年生存率同步放化疗组为75%、40%、21%。序贯放化疗组为50%、25%、12%。3年生存率差异有统计学意义,P=0.041。两组患者的毒副反应主要为可逆性骨髓抑制、放射性食管炎,两组发生率相似(χ2=1.65,P0.05),患者大多能耐受。结论初步研究结果提示,放射治疗联合长春瑞滨(NVB)加顺铂(DDP)同步放化疗治疗Ⅲ期NSCLC的疗效优于序贯放化疗,不良反应可耐受,值得进一步研究。     

1011例食管/贲门双原发癌(双源癌)患者的家族史、临床病理及生存期分析

目的分析比较食管/贲门双源癌和单发食管/贲门癌患者的家族史、临床病理及生存期的关系。方法采用家访和问卷调查、住院病理核查以及电话随访等方法,收集整理河南、河北、山西三省交界食管癌高发区的1 011例双源癌患者、2 095例单发食管癌患者和1 859例单发贲门癌患者的家族史、临床病理资料和部分随访结果。采用SPSS 17.0统计学软件进行统计,t检验、χ2检验、Kaplan-Meier生存分析及多因素Cox模型等方法分析双源癌和单发食管/贲门癌患者家族史、临床病理和生存期的关系。结果双源癌家族史阳性率比单发贲门癌家族史阳性率高(34%,27%,P<0.05),与单发食管癌相似(34%,31%,P<0.05);双源癌中食管癌和贲门癌早期患者多于单发食管癌(27%,15%)和单发贲门癌患者(18%,4%,P<0.05);双源癌患者生存率低于单发食管癌和单发贲门癌患者(P<0.05),死亡风险分别为单发食管癌和单发贲门癌患者的2倍(P<0.05,HR=1.976)和3倍(P<0.05,HR=2.652)。结论双源癌患者遗传易感性高于单发贲门癌患者;双源癌中食管癌和贲门癌早期患者均多于单发食管癌和单发贲门癌患者;双源癌患者生存率低于单发食管和贲门癌患者。     

Determining Pattern of Recurrence Following Pancreaticoduodenectomy and Adjuvant 5-Flurouracil-Based Chemoradiation Therapy: Effect of Number of Metastatic Lymph Nodes and Lymph Node Ratio

Background  There are limited data on patterns of recurrence and factors associated with local recurrence following pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic adenocarcinoma and adjuvant 5-flurouracil-based chemoradiation therapy. Methods and Materials  Between 1995 and 2005, 905 patients underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic adenocarcinoma; 154 patients had complete pattern of recurrence data available. Results  At median follow-up of 20.2 months, 103 (66.9%) patients recurred with median time to recurrence of 16.2 months. Most patients recurred with distant disease only (68.9%), while 21.4% patients recurred with local disease only; ten (9.7%) patients recurred with local and distant disease. Several factors were associated with local recurrence: poor tumor differentiation (hazards ration [HR] 2.39) and presence of metastatic lymph nodes (HR 1.89, both p < 0.05). Among N1 patients, poor tumor differentiation (HR 3.92), >5 metastatic LN (HR 3.75), and lymph node ratio (LNR) >0.4 (HR 2.96) had the highest risk of local recurrence (all p < 0.05). Increasing LNR was associated with an incremental increased risk of local recurrence (LNR <0.2, 21.3% versus LNR ≥0.2 to 0.4, 25.2% versus LNR >0.4, 40.4%; p < 0.05). Conclusions  Although most patients who receive standard 5-flurouracil-based chemoradiation therapy will ultimately succumb to distant disease, about 30% recur locally. Poor tumor differentiation, a high number of metastatic LN (>5), and LNR >0.4 are associated with the highest risk of local failure. In these patients, radiation dose escalation and/or a combination of radiation with novel chemotherapeutic agents may be necessary to improve outcomes. Presented at the American Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Association Annual Meeting, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, March 29th, 2008     

First-year quality of life assessment of an intra-arterial (RADPLAT) versus intravenous chemoradiation phase III trial

Background.

We report the results of a multicenter randomized phase III study, assessing quality of life (QOL) in intra‐arterial (IA) versus standard intravenous (IV) chemoradiation in advanced head and neck cancer.

Methods.

Two hundred seven patients with inoperable stage IV disease—152 men and 55 women; mean age, 55 years—were included in this study. The patients were treated with standard radiotherapy with 4 weekly IA or 3 weekly IV cisplatin infusions. The QOL assessments carried out were EORTC‐C30, H&N35, and trial‐specific questionnaires.

Results.

Overall QOL deteriorated in all patients during treatment, is gradually improving over 1 year. IA patients showed significantly less nausea and vomiting at week 7 (p <.001). IV patients were significantly more fatigued (p <.006). At 1 year, no significant difference in tube feeding was found. Voice quality slightly exceeded the pretreatment values at 1 year. Forty‐two of 62 employed patients returned to work.

Conclusion.

During treatment, significantly fewer problems with nausea and vomiting occurred in IA than in IV patients. Both groups showed improved voicing and oral intake during follow‐up, often exceeding pretreatment values at 1 year. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2009     

顺铂加氟脲嘧啶化疗同步放射治疗98例食管癌临床研究

目的探讨顺铂与5-FU持续120小时静脉滴注与放疗联合治疗食管癌的临床疗效、毒副反应。方法98例食管癌患者根据入选条件,随机分组,单放组33例,序贯组33例,同步组32例。放疗均为：6MV或18MVX线,先前后大野对穿照射,后适形放疗,DT62～70Gy,分31～35次,6—7周完成。化疗方案：序贯组DDP 20mg／m^2,连用5天,5-Fu 500mg／m^2,连用5天;同步组DDP＋5-Fu,DDP 15mg／m^2,连用5天,5-Fu 2．0g／m^2,持续滴注120小时,在放疗开始的第1天即行全身化疗。结果单放组、序贯组、同步组近期有效率分别为57．6％、75．8％、93．8％（X^2=11．4980,P=0．0032）。三组放射性食管炎的发生率100％,Ⅰ、Ⅱ级放射性食管炎三组差异无统计学意义;Ⅲ＋Ⅳ级放射性食管炎,序贯组和同步组比较,差异无统计学意义,二者均较单放组明显,但患者均能耐受。结论DDP＋5-FU持续120小时连续滴注化疗同步放射治疗食管癌近期疗效显著,并未明显增加近期毒副反应。     

术前卡培他滨同步放疗治疗局部晚期低位直肠癌的临床研究

目的评价术前卡培他滨同步放化疗治疗局部晚期（Dukes B/C期）低位直肠癌的临床疗效及不良反应。方法对16例局部晚期低位直肠癌患者放疗＋同步口服卡培他滨,4-6周后行手术治疗。结果同步放化疗后肿瘤缩小,手术切除率100%,保肛率为62.5%（10/16）,局部复发率为6.25%（1/16）。主要的不良反应为白细胞减少、消化道反应和手足综合征。结论对于局部晚期低位直肠癌患者术前卡培他滨同步放疗可以提高手术切除率,保肛率、降低局部复发率,而不良反应小,是有效治疗局部晚期低位直肠癌的新方案。     

Effect of neoadjuvant chemoradiation on postoperative fecal continence and anal sphincter function in rectal cancer patients

Background and aims Neoadjuvant chemoradiation (nCRT) followed by curative surgery has gained acceptance as the therapy of choice in locally advanced rectal cancer. This prospective study evaluates the effect of nCRT on postoperative anorectal function and continence. Patients and methods Group A consisted of 12 patients (59.8 ± 11.9 years, male:female = 8:4) who received nCRT (5-FU, CPT-11. 45 + 5.4 Gy boost) before surgery and Group B of 27 patients (61.9 ± 10.6 years, male:female = 16:11) who were treated by surgery alone. All patients received a questionnaire to evaluate stool continence and anorectal function before as well as after surgery. Anorectal function was further analyzed by perfusion manometry pre- and postoperatively. Results Preoperatively, none of the patients had signs or symptoms of fecal incontinence, and preoperative measurements showed values within normal limits. Postoperatively, fecal continence was impaired in both groups, but no significant difference was found between patients with or without nCRT. Anorectal manometry revealed an impairment of anorectal function after low anterior resection regardless of the treatment regime. Conclusion nCRT does not impair anorectal function and fecal continence. The deterioration of continence and anal sphincter function after sphincter preserving surgery is solely caused by the surgical procedure.     

顺铂或多西紫杉醇同期放化疗治疗局部晚期宫颈癌疗效分析

目的:比较顺铂或多西紫杉醇同期放化疗治疗局部晚期宫颈癌疗效。方法:38例IIb到IVa期患者随机分为每周顺铂同期放化疗组(22例)或多西紫杉醇同期放化疗组(16例)。顺铂30mg/m2或多西紫杉醇25mg/m2抗过敏预处理,每周放疗的第一天同步静脉滴注,连续6周;放疗方法:两组患者外照射放疗采用直线加速器盆腔大野DT 30Gy后中央挡铅改为盆腔四野加量照射至DT 50Gy,常规分割,180-200cGy/F,盆腔四野照射期间每周局部后装铱192照射一次,每次剂量6Gy,共6次,A点剂量达3600cGy。观察两组治疗效果和不良反应并进行比较。结果:两组患者总有效率82%vs 87%,临床获益率91%vs 94%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组随访1年无进展生存率(PFS)比较77%vs 81%,总生存率(OS)95%vs 100%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);但多西紫杉醇同期放化组较顺铂同期放化组治疗无论在血液系统不良反应和非血液系统不良反应方面都明显降低,统计学比较差异有显著性P<0.05。结论:多西紫杉醇同期放化疗可取得不亚于顺铂同期放化治疗的疗效,且多西紫杉醇不良反应明显降低。