我国88家医学期刊编辑部伦理意识现状调查与组合评价

目的：了解我国医学期刊的编辑部伦理意识现状。方法：采用自制问卷调查88家医学期刊编辑部的伦理 意识。通过文献分析、系统分析和两轮专家咨询确定了5个维度：投稿须知、初审阶段、外审阶段、稿件处理阶段、 教育与培训;包括11个指标的评价体系。通过专家打分法确定指标的权重,采用层次分析法、TOPSIS法、秩和比法 对编辑部伦理意识状况进行组合评价。结果：56家(63.6%)期刊在2010年的投稿须知中尚无涉及人的生物医学研究的 伦理学要求。我国88家期刊中编辑部伦理意识为上档的有14家(15.9%),中档有45家(51.1%),下档有29家(33.0%)。 不同主管部门的期刊在投稿须知、外审阶段2个维度的得分上差别有统计学意义(HC分别为10.175和7.305,P<0.05); 不同数据库来源的期刊在投稿须知、初审阶段、外审阶段、稿件处理阶段4个维度的得分上差别有统计学意义(HC 分别为11.951,7.661,6.146,8.085,P<0.05);不同数据库来源期刊的综合评价分档结果有统计学意义(HC=6.109, P<0.05)。3种方法评价结果高度相关。结论：国内医学期刊编辑部对涉及人的医学研究的伦理意识有待提高。综合评 价方法的组合评价较采用单一方法评价,结果更可靠、更贴近实际情况。     

Health threat associated with Caucasian giant hogweeds: awareness among doctors and general public in Poland

Context: The Caucasian giant hogweeds (Heracleum sosnowskyi and H. mantegazzianum) are aggressive invaders successfully spreading across different parts of Europe. Their sap containing linear furanocoumarins can lead to a persisting cutaneous dermatitis and massive skin necrosis.

Objective: We aimed to assess the awareness of the giant hogweeds’ threat among physicians and general public in Poland.

Methods: The level of awareness was assessed using a short questionnaire given to different groups of physicians: dermatologists (DMs), general practitioners (GPs) and occupational practitioners (OPs). An independent questionnaire was also addressed to the general public.

Results: Among the surveyed physician groups, DMs were the best informed, while OPs were the worst informed on health threats associated with the giant hogweeds and treatment methods. Most frequently, application of topical corticosteroids was indicated as a successful method of treatment following the exposure to hogweeds. In the general public, awareness was relatively low with only 57.7% of the surveyed having ever heard about these plants. TV, press and Internet were among the most frequent sources of information in this regard.

Conclusions: Public and medical attention needs to be raised as to the threats associated with giant hogweeds, particularly in countries that are highly infested with these plants.     

Sleep and moral awareness

The implications of sleep for morality are only starting to be explored. Extending the ethics literature, we contend that because bringing morality to conscious attention requires effort, a lack of sleep leads to low moral awareness. We test this prediction with three studies. A laboratory study with a manipulation of sleep across 90 participants judging a scenario for moral content indicates that a lack of sleep leads to low moral awareness. An archival study of Google Trends data across 6 years highlights a national dip in Web searches for moral topics (but not other topics) on the Monday after the Spring time change, which tends to deprive people of sleep. Finally, a diary study of 127 participants indicates that (within participants) nights with a lack of sleep are associated with low moral awareness the next day. Together, these three studies suggest that a lack of sleep leaves people less morally aware, with important implications for the recognition of morality in others.     

Benign paroxysmal torticollis of infancy: An underdiagnosed condition

Benign paroxysmal torticollis is probably an under‐diagnosed condition of infancy. It is a self‐limiting disorder characterised by periods of unusual, sustained posture of the head and neck, during which the head tilts to one side. Episodes are often accompanied by marked autonomic features, irritability, ataxia, apathy and drowsiness. They last several hours to a few days and are often recurring every few weeks. They subside within the pre‐school years; however, during later childhood, there is a tendency to develop migraine. Three cases of benign paroxysmal torticollis are presented and are compared with cases in the literature. A telephone survey has been conducted to determine what is the general awareness of paediatricians of this condition in Cyprus. Eighty‐two paediatricians were randomly selected out of 235 paediatricians. All of them agreed to participate. Our cases revealed that benign paroxysmal torticollis may coexist with other problems during infancy. The telephone survey showed that only two out of eighty‐two (2.4%) of the paediatricians are aware of the condition, and none of them was confident regarding the management. Our telephone survey clearly shows that Cypriot paediatricians are not familiar with benign paroxysmal torticollis in infancy which is a benign, self‐limiting disorder. It is essential to recognise the condition and to reassure parents of its benign course and not to be misdiagnosed for other disorders, such as epileptic seizures. We have shown again that benign paroxysmal torticollis in infancy may coexist with motor delay and hearing problems.     

The psychometric properties of the mindful attention awareness scale among Arab parents of children with autism spectrum disorder

Aim

The purpose of this study was to examine the psychometric properties and the theoretical structure of the mindful attention awareness scale (MAAS) with parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in Jordan.

2～6岁儿童牙科诊室行为影响因素研究

目的：探讨影响2~6岁儿童牙科诊室行为的因素。方法选取71例2~6岁儿童,分为A组(配合组)、B组(不配合组);获取儿童的情绪类型以及日常的行为特点、儿童母亲的牙科焦虑状况、儿童家长的口腔健康意识等资料。结果A、B两组患儿的年龄、情绪应激性差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);家长对儿童口腔疾病的责任承担度、患儿入园表现、治疗持续时间与儿童的牙科诊室行为存在相关性(P<0.05)。结论家长的责任承担度、患儿入园表现、治疗的持续时间是影响2~6岁儿童牙科诊室行为的主要因素。     

358名门诊孕妇预防接种基础知识知晓率调查分析

目的：了解孕妇对预防接种知识的认知情况,为做好宣传工作、实施健康教育提供依据。方法自行设计调查问卷,随机对2014年1至6月在解放军第三二三医院进行孕期检查的358名女性进行问卷调查,内容包括基本信息、预防接种基础知识以及预防接种知识需求等,采用记分制,并对调查结果进行统计分析。结果低年龄、低学历、农民工和个体商户的认知程度较低,但组间比较差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05);孕妇获得预防接种知识的主要途径是医院社区宣讲(占94.41%)和他人告知(占89.66%)。对“想了解预防接种知识”“愿意参加专题讲座”“让孩子完成全部预防接种”的态度在不同文化程度和职业人群间比较差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论关注重点人群的教育,提高孕期妇女对预防接种的认识,开展多种形式的宣传教育活动,可以更好地普及预防接种知识,提高儿童预防接种率。     

3～6岁儿童抚养人孤独症相关信息知晓现况调查

目的:探讨3～6岁儿童抚养人对孤独症相关信息知晓现状,为开展社区宣传教育提供依据.方法:采用横断面调查方法,在哈尔滨市8个行政区内抽取44所幼儿园,以其中所有3～6岁儿童的主要抚养人作为调查对象.采用自编问卷,从孤独症的症状识别、一般知识了解、病因、就诊态度等多方面评价对孤独症相关知识的知晓现况.共回收合格问卷4947份.结果:样本中,2786人(57.8％)能够准确识别孤独症的症状;3115人(64.8％)认为孤独症属于心理疾病;2484人(68.1％)认为应首选心理门诊就诊;1730人(36.4％)认为孤独症存在特殊能力或才能;2680人(67.0％)认为教育不当是导致孤独症发病的主要原因.多因素分析显示,居住在城市(OR=1.66)、女性(OR=1.34)、接触过孤独症(OR=1.50)、受教育水平较高(OR=2.04、5.39、9.12)的人群能更好的识别孤独症.结论:3～6岁儿童抚养人对孤独症的认识还存在很多误区,有必要积极开展社区宣传教育,提高家长对孤独症认知程度,改变错误认知,以早期识别孤独症儿童.