Pulmonary atelectasis during paediatric anaesthesia: CT scan evaluation and effect of positive endexpiratory pressure (PEEP).

The case series consisted of ten children, ranged in age from one to three years (median 1.8 yrs), and in body weight from 10.2 to 13.5 kg (median 11.7 kg), in ASA class 1 or 2, all without lung disease. Having undergone general anaesthesia for cranial or abdominal CT scans, the patients were studied for pulmonary morphology. The first pulmonary CT scan was taken five min after induction of general inhalational anaesthesia; preoxygenation was avoided and an intraoperative FiO2atelectasis cannot be explained by a reabsorption of O2 mechanism and by denitrogenation. However, a PEEP of 5 cmH2O is able both to recruit all the available alveolar units, and to induce the disappearance of atelectasis in dependent lung regions.     

胸腔积液所致下叶肺不张CT征象的分析

目的：分离胸腔积液所致肺下叶被动性不张ＣＴ表现并研究全下叶或次全下叶不张移位方向。资料与方法：收集８０例胸腔积液,不包括易引起下叶肺不张之纵隔中中央型肺癌。结果：（１）５例无局限性下叶不张的体积缩小;（２）３５例肺段或亚段不张;（３）１２例向后内方向移位收缩的全下叶或次全下叶不张。     

Braided bronchus: A previously undescribed airway anomaly

Infants with congenital heart disease frequently experience recurrent atelectasis, in many cases associated with anomalous branching of the bronchial tree. The bridging bronchus has been well described and has been associated with both left-sided obstructive lesions and a sling-like left pulmonary artery. We describe a similar, though distinct airway anomaly, the “braided bronchus,” associated with a bridging bronchus in a child with coarctation of the aorta and recurrent atelectasis. Methods used to delineate the “braided bronchus” are described. Pediatr Pulmonol. 1998; 25:348–351. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

儿童肺炎支原体肺炎合并肺不张预后不良危险因素分析

目的 探讨儿童肺炎支原体肺炎(MPP)合并肺不张预后不良危险因素分析。方法 2018年1月-2020年1月在我院儿科住院治疗的MPP合并肺不张患儿126例,根据预后分组,肺不张未痊愈患儿61例为观察组,痊愈65例为对照组,采用酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)测定血清白细胞介素-2(IL-2)、IL-4、IL-6、IL-10、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、血C反应蛋白(CRP)、干扰素(IFN)-γ水平。结果 患儿MPP合并肺不张部位,以右中叶肺不张占比31.96%为最高;其次右上叶肺不张占比23.71%;观察组年龄、治疗时间、病变部位、IL-4、IL-6、IL-10、血清CRP、血清IFN-γ水平均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 血清IL-4、IL-6、IL-10、血清IFN-γ水平均与MPP合并肺不张预后不良的发生相关。     

围术期氧疗的研究进展

目的氧疗是围术期麻醉管理的重要组成部分。氧疗是把双刃剑,氧浓度过高可产生肺不张、氧化应激,给机体造成损伤,过低又会导致低氧血症,影响氧合。因此,围术期氧疗如何选择合适的吸氧浓度一直是麻醉管理的热点问题。本文将围绕围术期氧疗对机体的影响、不同类型患者吸入氧浓度的选择作一综述,以期为围术期精准氧疗提供理论参考。     

纤维支气管镜在治疗急性肺不张中的应用

目的探讨纤维支气管镜对急性肺不张的治疗效果。方法分析40例急性肺不张患者用纤维支气管镜吸引阻塞支气管开口处的分泌物及痰栓、血凝块,并用生理盐水反复冲洗。结果25例患者在24h内复张,11例在48h内复张,4例在72h后复张。结论纤维支气管镜吸引治疗急性肺不张的方法针对性强、安全、有效,并发症少。     

Acute traumatic subclavian artery thrombosis and its successful repair via resection and end-to-end anastomosis

Subclavian artery thrombosis is a rare complication of clavicle fractures. We reported a 20-yearold man who was admitted to the emergency room after a road traffic accident. He was a pedestrian who was initially hit by a bus and after he fell down on the road, he was run over by a car. On evaluation, he was found to have multiple facial and rib fractures, distal fight humerus and right clavicle fracture. Significantly, right radial pulse was absent. After further evaluation including Doppler studies and an angiography which revealed complete obstruction of right subclavian artery just distal to its 1 st portion, the patient was urgently taken to the operation room. A midclavicular fracture was adjacent to the injured vessel. We established proximal and distal control, removed damaged part. After mobilizing the subclavian artery, an end-to-end anastomosis was made. Then open reduction and internal fixation of right distal humerus was performed. The rest of the postoperative course was unremarkable. To prevent complications of subclavian artery thrombosis, different treatment modalities can be used, including anticoagulation therapy, angioplasty, stenting and bypass procedures.     

Substance P and vasoactive intestinal peptide levels in middle ear effusions of children

Abstract Conclusion: This is the first report demonstrating high levels of substance P (SP) that inversely correlate with vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) levels in middle ear effusions (MEEs) of patients with otitis media with effusion (OME). Increased SP and decreased VIP levels might play a role in the pathogenesis of chronic OME. Objective: The etiology of OME is multifactorial, and neurogenic inflammation may play a significant role. SP and VIP levels were not evaluated previously in MEEs of children with OME. Methods: Fifty patients aged 2-12 years (mean age 5.24 ± 2.64) were included in the study. MEEs were classified as mucoid or serous based on the gross appearance. SP and VIP levels were determined using ELISA. Results: High levels of SP were detected in MEEs. In addition SP levels were significantly higher in serous samples (2910.55 ± 307.96 vs 2218.55 ± 262.30 pg/ml). There were also age-dependent changes, such that SP levels were significantly higher in children aged 2-3 years compared with those who were 4-5 and 6-12 years old. VIP levels were undetectable in 30% of patients and the mean level of VIP was 50.91 ± 16.01 pg/ml in serous middle ear effusions and 54.86 ± 15.91 pg/ml in mucoid MEEs.