246例乳腺影像报告和数据系统3级评分乳腺病变ER、PR和C-erbB-2表达的临床分析

目的通过对246例乳腺影像报告和数据系统(Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System,BIRADS)3级乳腺肿块的病理、雌激素受体(ER)、孕激素受体(PR)、乳腺癌原癌基因(C-erb B-2)的表达水平进行研究统计,为BI-RADS 3级乳腺肿块是否需要手术活检或治疗提供依据。方法特选取行乳腺B超或高频X线检查BI-RADS 3级有可触及乳腺肿块或局限性增厚腺体,同时进行空芯针穿刺活检的女性患者246例(共246个肿块),对所有标本进行组织病理学检查及ER、PR、Cerb B-2检查。分析患者的影像学结果及其与病理免疫组织化学部分重要指标的关系。结果由病理结果可知,246例乳腺肿块中纤维腺瘤125例,囊肿30例,乳腺癌17例,乳管内乳头状瘤23例,腺病31例,导管扩张症20例。恶性率为6.91%。影像学表现肿块最大径≤20 mm者,其免疫组织化学指标PR阳性率高,统计学上有意义(P<0.05)。影像表现中肿块内有点状钙化,其免疫组织化学指标C-erb B-2、ER阳性率高,统计学上有意义(P<0.05)。结论本研究发现BI-RADS 3级乳腺病变存在恶性率为6.91%,所以影像表现肿块内点状钙化者或肿块最大径≥20 mm的肿块,需积极手术活检或治疗。     

Relationship between expression of ER,PR, Her-2, Ki-67 and neoadjuvant chemotherapy effect in breast cancer

Objective： The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between the expression of estrogen receptor （ER）, progestogen receptor （PR）, human epidermal growth factor receptor （Her-2）, Ki-67 and the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer. Methods： The expression of ER, PR, Her-2 and Ki-67 in 45 breast cancers which received neoadjuvant chemotherapy was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results： The effective rates in ER negative and PR negative groups were higher than those in ER positive and PR positive groups （83.3% vs 59. 4%, 82.4% vs 60.6%）. There was no significant difference of the effective rate between Her-2 overexpressed group and Her-2 non-overexpressed group （81.8% vs 64.1%）, and the same thing happened between Ki-67 negative group and Ki-67 positive group （67.7% vs 63.2%）. Conclusion： In the patients with breast cancer, ER, PR negative ones were more sensitive to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. These patients may get more benefits from chemotherapy. ER, PR could be feasible markers for predicting the effective rate of neoadjuvant chemotherapy.     

Clinical significance of changes in Torque teno virus DNA titer after chemotherapy in patients with primary lung cancer

Background

Several studies have reported that viral infections are related to lung cancer. We previously reported the involvement of Torque teno virus (TTV) in patients with lung cancer and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. However, the role of TTV in lung cancer growth, and its influence on changes in TTV DNA titers due to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) in lung cancer patients are poorly understood.

Associations of multiple unhealthy lifestyle behaviors with overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity among Brazilian adolescents: A country-wide survey

Background and Aims

Physical inactivity, unhealthy diet, smoking and heavy drinking are four key unhealthy lifestyle behaviors (ULB) that may influence body weight and obesity development. More recently, sedentary time has been recognized as another potentially emerging ULB related to obesity. We therefore investigated the association of multiple ULB with overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity among Brazilian adolescents.

Effectiveness of Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease With Different Degrees of Static Lung Hyperinflation

Objective

To evaluate the effect of pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) on exercise performance and quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with different degrees of static lung hyperinflation (LH).

Advances in understanding the molecular basis of the first steps in color vision

Serving as one of our primary environmental inputs, vision is the most sophisticated sensory system in humans. Here, we present recent findings derived from energetics, genetics and physiology that provide a more advanced understanding of color perception in mammals. Energetics of cis–trans isomerization of 11-cis-retinal accounts for color perception in the narrow region of the electromagnetic spectrum and how human eyes can absorb light in the near infrared (IR) range. Structural homology models of visual pigments reveal complex interactions of the protein moieties with the light sensitive chromophore 11-cis-retinal and that certain color blinding mutations impair secondary structural elements of these G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Finally, we identify unsolved critical aspects of color tuning that require future investigation.     

P-R段明显下斜对运动试验假阳性的预测作用

目的探讨下壁导联P-R段明显下斜与运动试验假阳性的关系。方法比较76例运动试验阳性经冠状动脉造影确诊为真阳性组57例、假阳性组19例的运动试验参数。结果假阳性组有较长的运动总时间(389±112s∶287±95s,P<0.01),达到较大的代谢当量(7.9±1.9mets∶6.6±1.5mets,P<0.01),ST段压低≥1mm时间延长(284±140s:192±97s,P<0.01),运动中较少诱发胸痛及至少2个下壁导联P-R段明显下斜的比例较高(74%∶20%,P<0.01),若以运动总时间≥300s、至少2个下壁导联P-R段明显下斜判断运动试验假阳性,其敏感性为63%,特异性为91%,预测价值为88%。结论运动总时间≥300s、至少2个下壁导联P-R段明显下斜对运动试验假阳性的判断有较高的特异性。     

The Influence of Different Cultivating Conditions on Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte Apoptotic Process In Vitro,II: Ultrastructural Characteristics of PMN Populations Incubated with Proteinase 3 Anti-neutrophil Autoantibodies

The present study shows the effects of proteinase 3 anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (PR3 ANCA) on polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) apoptotic processes in vitro. The results are part of a generalized morphological analysis of 3 identical experiments on the influence of different cultivating conditions on the apoptotic processes. As controls, the authors use the results on spontaneous PMN apoptosis (Guejes L, Zurgil N, Deutsch M, Gilburd B, Shoenfeld Y. Ultrastruct Pathol. 2003;27:23–32) and PMN populations incubated with normal human IgG. Interaction of PR3 ANCA with the target antigen proteinase 3 (PR3) is one of the crucial pathogenic factors in Wegener granulomatosis (systemic autoimmune vasculitis). Following 40 min and 12 h incubation, PMN populations were evaluated by light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and immunogold electron microscopy. Twelve-hour cultures, either control or incubated with PR3 ANCA, contained different cell forms ranging from normal cells to cells at the final stages of apoptosis. Neutrophils at the state of complete manifestation of apoptotic phenotype were analyzed and compared. Three morphologically distinct apoptotic cell lines were characteristic for all PMN populations studied, regardless of cultivating conditions. As in spontaneous apoptosis, these cell lines are code-named “first,” “second,” and “third.” The present study has shown, firstly, that in the presence of PR3 ANCA, all 3 apoptotic lines were modified or altered. Secondly, the modifications or alterations of apoptotic cell lines effected by PR3 ANCA are specific for each cell line: the “first” line is characterized by intensification and modification of activation; the “second” by vacuolized cell forms; and the “third” by pronounced lytic alterations of the nuclei, while the cytoplasm is fully identical to that of control cell lines.