基于深度强化学习的老年肺癌发病高危人群干预效果预测分析方法

利用深度强化学习方法预测分析老年肺癌发病高危人群的干预效果,生成按年龄和性别分组的干预效果预测模型。探索基于深度Q网络模型的预测分析方法,研究肺癌发病高危人群的干预效果和干预策略,构建干预对象、干预策略和干预效果之间的协同联动机制,可为肺癌预防干预和早诊早治提供新思路和实现积极应对人口老龄化的战略目标。     

Molecular characterization of vancomycin-resistant enterococci isolated from a hospital in Beijing,China

ObjectiveTo investigate the occurrence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) isolated from patients in Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China from 2011 to 2017, and to evaluate their resistance mechanisms and genetic relatedness.MethodsAll isolates were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF). Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the broth microdilution method. Molecular characterization were detected by PCR and sequencing. Genotyping of VRE isolates was performed by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis. Virulence genes were detected by multiplex PCR.ResultsA total of 87 consecutive VRE were collected, including 84 isolates of vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREfm) and 3 isolates of Enterococcus faecalis (VREfs). Urine (40.2%, 35/87) and blood (17.2%, 15/87) were the most commonly specimens. All VREfm isolates were resistant to ampicillin, and were susceptible to daptomycin, linezolid and tigecycline. The resistant rate of teicoplanin was 47.6%. All of the VREfm isolates carried the vanA gene, no isolates carried vanB. 11.9% (10/84) VREfm isolates carried both vanA and vanM. Among them, 76.2% (64/84) and 66.7% (56/84) carried esp and hyl, respectively. The 3 vancomycin resistant E. faecalis (VREfs) isolates were varied, and only one carried vanB. A total of 3 and 18 STs were detected among VREfs and VREfm strains, respectively. PFGE results indicated a genetic diversity among VREfm isolates.ConclusionThis study confirms that VREfm isolates associated with ST78 were the main epidemic lineage responsible for nosocomial infections in China, as were also observed in other nations worldwide.     

Deficiency of γδT cells protects against abdominal aortic aneurysms by regulating phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT signaling

Objective

It is known that T lymphocytes are activated in human abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). γδT cells, as a subset of T cells, play a role in many inflammation-related diseases. However, whether γδT cells participate in the formation of AAA remains unknown. In this study, we explored the role of γδT cells in AAA lesions.

《北京中医药大学学报》连续3年荣获“百种中国杰出学术期刊”的数据分析

目的分析《北京中医大学学报》(简称《学报》)于2012—2014年连续3年荣获"百种中国杰出学术期刊"称号的评估依据,客观地了解《学报》的学术影响力,为调整《学报》的发展策略提供理论依据。方法 "百种中国杰出学术期刊"的评价依据是《中国科技期刊引证报告(核心版)》(CJCR)统计数据,分析比较2012—2014年《学报》在CJCR的相关数据,包括期刊被引用计量指标(核心总被引频次、核心影响因子、他引率等),期刊来源计量指标(来源文献量、文献选出率、基金论文比等)和学科分类期刊计量指标(综合评价总分、总被引频次的离均差率和影响因子的离均差率等)。结果《学报》2012—2014年核心总被引频次分别为2 188、2 110、2 235,核心影响因子分别为0.769、0.589、0.722,在中国科技核心期刊(自然科学)综合评价总分排名分别为24、111、102。结论《学报》在中国科技核心期刊(自然科学)的计量指标统计中处于前列的地位,其学术影响力在中医药大学学报类学术期刊中始终处于领先地位。     

Hb SIAM [α15(A13)Gly → Arg (α1) (GGT → CGT)] IS A TYPICAL α CHAIN HEMOGLOBINOPATHY WITHOUT AN α-THALASSEMIC EFFECT

A Thai family with a complex thalassemia syndrome caused by α- and β-globin defects is described. The proband was a 14-year-old boy who had chronic hypochromic microcytic anemia. Hemoglobin (Hb) and DNA analyses demonstrated that he carried Hb Beijing [α16(A14)Lys→Asn], Hb E [β26(B8)Glu→Lys] and α-thalassemia-1 (α-thal-1). Interaction of the α^Beijing with the β^E globin chains in the proband leads to a new Hb variant, namely Hb EBeijing with different characteristics to both Hb E and Hb Beijing. Family studies showed that his father carried Hb Beijing and Hb E, whereas his mother was a simple α-thal-1 carrier. The genotype-phenotype relationship observed in this Thai family with complex hemoglobinopathies is presented and a simple DNA assay based on allele specific polymerase chain reaction (ASPCR) for detection of Hb Beijing is described.     

Study of Relationship between Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing Family and Epidemiological Characteristics of Tuberculosis in the Northwestern Region of Russia

The study aims to investigate the relationship of genotypes and dynamics of drug resistance of MBT （Mycobacterium Tuberculosis） in North-West territories. Patients with pulmonary tuberculosis from areas with similar epidemical situation but different trends were selected using random sampling technique： the first group--90 patients from the Pskov region, and the second--90 patients from the Kaliningrad region. Genotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains was performed by test system of CJSC ＂Syntol＂ Russia ＂Amplitub-Beijing＂. Drug sensitivity of MBT was determined by the method of absolute concentrations on Lowenstein medium. The frequency of determination of MBT Beijing family is found equal in 45.6% of cases in the Pskov and Kaliningrad regions. Excretion of drug-resistant M/3T in the Pskov region was higher （61.1%） than that in Kaliningrad （45.6%）. Beijing strains identified in similar high proportion of drug resistance （85.4% and 80.5%）, including MDR （multidrug resistance） （58.5% or 65.9%） in the territories. Among ＂not Beijing＂ family strains in the Pskov region drug resistance was in 40.8%, which is 2.5 times more than that in Kaliningrad region （16.3%, P 〈 0.01）. More significant differences are obtained in MDR cases： 32.7% and 6.1%, P 〈 0.001. MBT Beijing family dominates in the Northwest and growth of DR （drug resistance） and MDR of MBT is mainly due to this family MBT. But ＂not Beijing＂ strains also significantly often acquire drug resistance. Along with the MBT genotype, the differences in the epidemiological trends may be associated with problems in TB treatment organization.     

北京市神经外科研究所——半个世纪的发展历程

北京市神经外科研究所自1960年成立以来,在学科建设、科学研究、人才培养方面取得了累累硕果。从初始建所的6个研究室发展为目前具有16个基础研究室和9个临床研究室、亚专业齐全的完整神经外科研究体系,各项研究齐头并进,针对临床中的疑难问题开展基础和临床研究,并应用于临床实践,不断攻克一个又一个神经外科领域的技术难关,在神经系统肿瘤的基础与临床研究、中枢神经系统损伤代偿修复的机制和促进修复方法的研究、血管内介入治疗脑血管疾病研究、内镜神经外科的基础与临床研究、脑血管病的防治研究、重要神经系统疾病的病因学及人群防止措施的研究、神经影像、功能神经外科的基础与临床研究、伽玛刀治疗中枢神经系统疾病等领域取得了许多重大研究突破,同时通过各种渠道为全国各地培养了大批神经外科骨干人才,带领我国神经外科迈向国际前沿水平。     

Genotypic analysis of genes associated with transmission and drug resistance in the Beijing lineage of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

The Beijing genotype of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an endemic lineage in East Asia that has disseminated worldwide. It is a major health concern, as it is geographically widespread and is considered to be hypervirulent. To elucidate its genetic diversity in Taiwan, phylogenetic reconstruction was performed using 338 M. tuberculosis Beijing family clinical isolates. Region-of-difference analysis revealed the strains from Taiwan to be distributed among six subgroups of a phylogenetic tree. Synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms at 10 chromosomal positions were also analysed. Among the 338 isolates analysed for single-nucleotide polymorphisms by using mass spectrometry, the most frequent strain found was ST10 (53.3%), followed by ST19 (14.8%) and ST22 (14.5%). Tests of drug resistance showed that the sublineages ST10, ST19 and ST26 were over-represented in the multidrug-resistant population. The presence of mutations in putative genes coding for DNA repair enzymes, which could confer a mutator phenotype to facilitate spreading of the pathogen, did not demonstrate an association with multidrug resistance. Therefore, the DNA repair genes may be involved in transmission but not in drug resistance.