贵阳市涂阴肺结核病人不规则治疗因素分析

目的分析涂阴肺结核不规则治疗形成涂阳的因素。方法采用阅卷统计、分析病人不规则治疗形成涂阳的因素。结果涂阴肺结核636例中不规则治疗的335例（52．7％），其中形成涂阳的287例（85．7％）。涂阴病人不规则治疗因素主要与病人家庭经济状况、个人文化程度、年龄、心理状态，结核病防治知识的知晓程度等有关。结论应重视涂阴肺结核病人的管理，加强防治宣教，是控制涂阴肺结核病人转涂阳的关键。     

Tumor treating fields in combination with gemcitabine or gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel in pancreatic cancer: Results of the PANOVA phase 2 study

Background

Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields), low intensity alternating electric fields with antimitotic activity, have demonstrated survival benefit in patients with glioblastoma. This phase 2 PANOVA study was conducted to examine the combination of TTFields plus chemotherapy in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).

马来酸曲美布汀治疗肠易激综合征对比研究

目的探讨马来酸曲美布汀对肠易激综合征的治疗效果。方法将诊断为肠易激综合征（IBS）的97例患者随机分成试验组（47例）和对照组（50例），试验组给予马来酸曲美布汀，对照组使用复合维生素B作为安慰剂，两组疗程均为6周，治疗期间均停用其他药物，分别于治疗前及治疗的第2、4、6周及随访8、12周末进行症状评价及评分。结果试验组治疗后积分明显下降，治疗前后比较差异有非常显著性（P〈0．01）；对照组积分下降不明显，治疗前后比较差异无显著性（P〉0．05）；治疗4周后两组间比较，试验组积分下降较对照组明显，差异有非常显著性（P〈0．01）；治疗后两组疗效比较，试验组在2周后有效率达34％，8周和12周时分别达到83％和82％，疗效明显高于对照组，差异有非常显著性（P〈0．01）。结论马来酸曲美布汀对难治性功能性消化不良具有良好的治疗作用和安全性。     

曾斌芳教授“辛苦开郁法”治疗咽痹经验

曾斌芳教授临证治疗咽痹以少阴客邪上泛、风邪犯肺客咽、脾虚湿浊痹阻、实火循经夹咽4种证型统之。甘草汤主少阴客热咽痛,桔梗汤主少阴寒热相搏咽痛;银翘散为辛凉之平剂,主风热犯肺客咽;理中汤合牡蛎泽泻散以通阳气、散水结,湿浊蕴阻之咽痹;清胃散专治实火牙痛,使以桔梗、半夏假道上行至咽,清热肃咽,取“辛开苦降”之义;黛蛤散主木火刑金之咽痹,佐以左金丸,使以桔梗循经上咽,调其所胜之气,太过者折之,取“木郁达之”之义。究其辨治用药谨防寒凉用事,避其郁遏之弊,始终不离“郁”字,其治以“辛苦开郁”为法。     

从《脾胃论》气火学说探讨小儿反复呼吸道感染之乳蛾病

通过梳理李东垣在《脾胃论》气火学说中的理论,从气火关系角度探讨了小儿反复呼吸道感染之乳蛾病的病因病机为气虚火旺、正虚邪恋,所用方剂为当归六黄汤、补脾胃泻阴火升阳汤,其组方原则以温补与清火并用,并随症加减。     

Solid Polymer Electrolytes from Copolymers Based on Vinyl Dimethyl Phosphonate and Vinylidene Fluoride

Solid polymer electrolytes are prepared by mixing various amounts of lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide with poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐vinyl dimethyl phosphonate) statistical copolymers with different compositions. Such copolymers are obtained by conventional radical copolymerization of vinylidene fluoride (VDF) with vinyl dimethyl phosphonate (VDMP) initiated by peroxides. A morphological study of the obtained solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) shows that only samples prepared from the copolymer with the lower amount of VDMP (16 mol%) result in the formation of homogeneous electrolytes while aggregates of lithium salts are observed for the other copolymers. The best ionic conductivity values are accordingly observed for the copolymers with the lower VDMP amount and are reaching 5 × 10^?3 mS cm^?1 at 100 °C. The dependence of the ionic conductivity versus temperature suggests that the ionic conductivity is controlled by the motion of polymer segments. Indeed, the ionic conductivity can be increased by adding a small amount of trimethylphosphate plasticizer and can reach 1.9 × 10^?2 mS cm^?1 at 20 °C. Finally, the prepared SPEs exhibit a high electrochemical stability and a good resistance to flame because of the presence of fire‐retardant phosphate groups in their structure.     

From the Cover: Warming enabled upslope advance in western US forest fires

Increases in burned area and large fire occurrence are widely documented over the western United States over the past half century. Here, we focus on the elevational distribution of forest fires in mountainous ecoregions of the western United States and show the largest increase rates in burned area above 2,500 m during 1984 to 2017. Furthermore, we show that high-elevation fires advanced upslope with a median cumulative change of 252 m (−107 to 656 m; 95% CI) in 34 y across studied ecoregions. We also document a strong interannual relationship between high-elevation fires and warm season vapor pressure deficit (VPD). The upslope advance of fires is consistent with observed warming reflected by a median upslope drift of VPD isolines of 295 m (59 to 704 m; 95% CI) during 1984 to 2017. These findings allow us to estimate that recent climate trends reduced the high-elevation flammability barrier and enabled fires in an additional 11% of western forests. Limited influences of fire management practices and longer fire-return intervals in these montane mesic systems suggest these changes are largely a byproduct of climate warming. Further weakening in the high-elevation flammability barrier with continued warming has the potential to transform montane fire regimes with numerous implications for ecosystems and watersheds.

Fire is an integral component of most forested lands and provides significant ecological services (1). However, burned area, fire size, the number of large fires, and the length of fire season have increased in the western United States in recent decades (2, 3). Increasing fire activity and the expansion of wildland urban interface (4) collectively amplified direct and indirect fire-related loss of life and property (5, 6) and contributed to escalating fire suppression costs (7). While increased biomass due to a century of fire exclusion efforts is hypothesized to have partially contributed to this trend (8), climate change is also implicated in the rise of fire activity in the western United States (9–11).Although increases in forest fire activity are evident in all major forested lands in the western United States (2, 12, 13), an abundance of moisture—due to snowpack persistence, cooler temperatures, and delayed summer soil and fuel drying—provides a strong buffer of fire activity (13) and longer fire-return intervals (14) at high elevations. Recent studies, however, point to changing fire characteristics across many ecoregions of the western United States (15), including high-elevation areas of the Sierra Nevada (16), Pacific Northwest, and Northern Rockies (12, 17). These studies complement documented changes in montane environments including amplified warming with elevation (18), widespread upward elevational shift in species (19), and increased productivity in energy-limited high-elevation regions that enhance fuel growth and connectivity (20). These changes have been accompanied by longer snow-free periods (21), increased evaporative demand (9), and regional declines in fire season precipitation frequency (11) across the western United States promoting increased fuel ignitability and flammability that have well-founded links to forest burned area. A warmer climate is also conducive to a higher number of convective storms and more frequent lightning strikes (22).In this study, we explore changes in the elevational distribution of burned forest across the western United States and how changes in climate have affected the mesic barrier for high-elevation fire activity. We focus on changes in high-elevation forests that have endured fewer direct anthropogenic modifications compared to drier low-elevation forests that had frequent low-severity fires prior to European colonization and have been more subject to changes in settlement patterns as well as fire suppression and harvest (23, 24); we also pose the following questions: 1) Has the elevational distribution of fire in the western US forests systematically changed? and 2) What changes in biophysical factors have enabled such changes in high-elevation fire activity? We explore these questions across 15 mountainous ecoregions of the western United States using records from large fires (>405 ha) between 1984 and 2017 [Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity (MTBS) (25)], a 10-m–resolution digital elevation model, and daily high-spatial–resolution surface meteorological data [gridMET (26)].We focus on the trends in Z₉₀—defined as the 90th percentile of normalized annual elevational distribution of burned forest in each ecoregion. Here, the term “normalized” essentially refers to the fraction of forest area burned by elevation. We complement this analysis by examining trends in burned area by elevational bands and using quantile regression of normalized annual forest fire elevation. We then assess the interannual relationships between Z₉₀ and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and compare the upslope advance in montane fire to elevational climate velocity of VPD during 1984 to 2017. Specifically, we use VPD trends and VPD–high-elevation fire regression to estimate VPD-driven changes in Z₉₀ and BA₉₀— defined as annual burned area above the 90th percentile of forest elevational distribution in each ecoregion—during 1984 to 2017.     

贺氏火针温通法治疗肱骨外上髁炎临床观察

目的 观察贺氏火针温通法对肱骨外上髁炎的疗效。方法 收集2014年1月至2014年12月首都医科大学附属北京中医医院针灸科肱骨外上髁炎患者60例,按就诊顺序将患者分为治疗组和对照组,每组30例。对照组每日毫针刺肘髎、曲池、手三里、合谷穴,治疗组加用贺氏火针隔日点刺阿是穴,两组均连续治疗10 d。以疼痛视觉模拟量表（visual analogue scale,VAS）、Mayo肘关节功能评分表（mayo elbow performance score,MEPS）为观察指标,判定临床疗效。结果 与治疗前比较,治疗后两组VAS评分均显著降低（P<0.05）,MEPS评分均显著升高（P<0.05）,治疗组VAS评分降低值和MEPS评分升高值均显著大于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 贺氏火针温通法可有效缓解肱骨外上髁炎的疼痛程度,改善肘关节功能。     

中医辨证治疗亚健康失眠的临床疗效观察

目的 观察中医辨证治疗阴虚火旺和心脾两虚型亚健康失眠的临床疗效。方法 采用多中心、单盲、随机对照研究方法,将符合纳入标准的亚健康失眠受试者随机分为中医辨证汤药治疗组(A组96例)和中成药乌灵胶囊治疗对照组(B组94例)。1周为1个疗程,共4个疗程,每周复诊1次。比较各组治疗前后及2组间的匹兹堡睡眠质量量表(PSQI)评分、临床医生总体印象(CGI)评分及WHO生活质量测定量表简明版(WHOQOL-BREF)评分以评估其疗效。结果 2组治疗前后PSQI、CGI及WHOQOL-BREF评分均有改善(P＜0.01);2组间治疗各时点及停药2周后的CGI分值有统计学差异(P＜0.01);2组间治疗前后的WHOQOL-BREF评分差值,A组均高于B组,其中生存质量总分和心理领域分值的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 基于辨证的中药汤剂干预对阴虚火旺和心脾两虚型的亚健康失眠者的失眠及生活质量均有明显改善,安全性和依从性良好,且在改善患者的总体生存质量及心理状况方面明显优于中成药乌灵胶囊组。