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41.
基于支持向量机的名老中医治疗冠心病证候要素研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
目的 探索名老中医辨治冠心病的共性规律.方法 以名医诊治冠心病典型医案115例,建立冠心病名医诊疗数据库,运用支持向量机方法进行了证候要素诊断及相关研究.结果 提取到名医诊治冠心病8个主要证候要素:血瘀、痰浊、气虚、阳虚、阴虚、内热、血虚、气滞,并确定了其定量诊断,阐释了证候要素应证组合规律,归纳了名医治疗冠心病8个证候要素的用药规律.结论 证候要素研究揭示了名医证候诊断的内涵及其组方用药规律,对中医辨治冠心病有指导意义.  相似文献   
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背景 为加强农村地区卫生人才队伍建设,我国于2010年开始实施农村订单定向医学生培养项目。2015年,国家要求订单定向毕业生在毕业后须参加为期3年的住院医师规范化培训(简称住培)。 目的 了解订单定向毕业生参加住培情况,分析住培对执业医师资格考试通过率的影响,探究住培对订单定向毕业生培养和农村基层卫生人力的意义,为订单定向毕业生的高质量培养提供政策建议。 方法 2015年开始,在我国中西部3个省份共抽取4所承担订单定向培养项目的高校,建立订单定向毕业生队列,并按照班级1∶1选取同年毕业的普通临床毕业生作为对照,每年进行追踪随访。利用描述性分析展示订单定向毕业生参加住培的情况、执业医师资格考试通过率,并与普通临床毕业生比较。采用Cox回归分析参加住培对执业医师资格考试通过率的影响。 结果 2015—2019届订单定向毕业生中分别有86.69%(228/263)、86.78%(361/416)、87.79%(381/434)、91.08%(388/426)、94.43%(356/377)表示毕业后愿意参加住培,同届普通临床毕业生毕业后愿意参加住培的比例分别为72.20%(200/277)、58.75%(151/257)、70.42%(169/240)、73.23%(145/198)、61.03%(83/136);2015—2019届订单定向毕业生实际参加住培的比例分别为99.02%(202/204)、97.10%(301/310)、94.99%(322/339)、89.91%(285/317)、69.45%(241/347),同届普通临床生的参加比例分别为67.57%(100/148)、66.12%(80/121)、74.79%(89/119)、43.33%(39/90)、34.62%(27/78)。2015—2017届订单定向毕业生执业医师资格考试通过率达到99.23%(259/261)、94.86%(351/370)、91.74%(311/339),同届普通临床生的通过率分别为97.74%(173/177)、95.87%(116/121)、88.24%(105/119)。Cox回归结果显示,校正人口学变量、家庭经济状况、学医意愿、医学教育情况、参加住培相关因素后,参加住培组通过执业医师资格考试的概率是未参加住培组的1.23倍〔95%CI(1.02,1.49),P=0.031〕。 结论 订单定向毕业生住培参加意愿、住培参加比例、执业医师资格考试通过率均较高。参加住培能提高医学毕业生的能力,对通过执业医师资格考试有促进作用。  相似文献   
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BackgroundEarly childhood caries (ECC) remains the most common, preventable infectious disease among children in the United States. Screening is recommended after the eruption of the first tooth, but it is unclear how the age at first dental examination is associated with eventual restorative treatment needs. The authors of this study sought to determine how provider type and age at first dental examination are associated longitudinally with caries experience among children in the United States.MethodsDeidentified claims data were included for 706,636 privately insured children aged 0 through 6 years as part of the nationwide IBM Watson Health Market Scan (2012-2017). The authors used Kaplan-Meier survival analysis to describe the association between the age of first visit and restorative treatment needs.ResultsA total of 21% of this population required restorative treatment, and the average age at first dental examination was 3.6 years. A multivariable Cox proportional hazards model showed increased hazard for restorative treatment with age at first dental visit at 3 years (hazard ratio, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.97 to 2.13) and 4 years (hazard ratio, 3.99; 95% CI, 3.84 to 4.16).ConclusionThe high proportion of children requiring restorative treatment and late age at first dental screening show needed investments in educating general dentists, medical students, and pediatricians about oral health guidelines for pediatric patients.Practical ImplicationsCommunicating the importance of children establishing a dental home by age 1 year to parents and health care professionals may help reduce disease burden in children younger than 6 years.  相似文献   
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Title. The experiences of mothers in breastfeeding their very low birth weight infants. Aim. This paper is a report of a study of the breastfeeding experience of mothers of very low birth weight babies. Background. Very low birth weight babies, being born preterm, are at risk for feeding difficulties. Medical complications may prolong their hospital stays and further delay their progression towards oral feeding. Many studies have focused on the benefits of breastfeeding to very low birth weight babies, but very few have explored the breastfeeding experiences of their mothers. Method. Data were collected between 2005 and 2007. In‐depth interviews were conducted during home visits with 31 mothers who breastfed their very low birth weight babies. Following her baby’s discharge from hospital, each mother was interviewed twice about her breastfeeding experience. The data were analysed using qualitative content analysis. Findings. Five themes were identified from the mothers’ reports: wanting to compensate, maintaining motivation and connectedness, needing ‘extra helping hands’, controlling emotions and matching baby’s individual pace. Mothers’ self‐blaming provoked them to breastfeed their very low birth weight babies to compensate babies for the harm caused by them. These mothers learned how to express breast milk and this served as an important vehicle that gradually connected them to their babies. Conclusion. Breastfeeding a very low birth weight baby is a challenging and exhausting experience for the mother. A better teaching protocol for breastfeeding and an improved breastfeeding ethos need to be implemented in the neonatal intensive care unit and special care nursery to support families of very low birth weight infants.  相似文献   
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News reports are the way that most people, including many physicians and scientists, first learn about new developments in medicine. Because these reports can raise awareness, influence behavior, and confer credibility, physicians should share responsibility with the media for accurate reporting. Physicians can work with reporters to avoid sensationalizing tentative findings, overstating benefits, and making inappropriate generalizations. This article includes pragmatic suggestions for crafting effective news releases and explaining numerical data. It details "rules of the road" for interviews. Working collaboratively with news reporters to improve the quality of medical stories in the lay press benefits patients and physicians alike.  相似文献   
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