夜间手术器械不同清洗方法的质量比较

目的探讨安全、有效的夜间手术器械清洗流程和方法,提高夜间手术器械的清洗质量。方法将夜间使用后的手术器械1680件(咬合类器械1200件、管腔类器械480件),随机分为A、B、C、D组,采用4种不同的清洗方法;A组:立即清洗法;B组:干式保存法;C组:刷洗保存法;D组:酶液保存法,比较各组目测、5倍放大镜、特殊棉签检测、残留血检测、菌落数及内毒素检测合格率。结果 A、B、C、D组合格率目测为78.3%、86.9%、94.5%、96.4%;5倍放大镜为71.9%、81.9%、92.6%、93.8%;特殊棉签检测为59.2%、74.2%、90.8%、93.3%;残留血检测为64.2%、85.8%、96.7%、98.3%;菌落数为46.7%、93.3%、100.0%、100.0%;内毒素为43.3%、93.3%、100.0%、100.0%。经统计学检验,4组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论使用后的夜间手术器械采用刷洗保存法和酶液保存法,均能明显提高器械的清洗质量及残留血检测合格率,但酶液保存法,具有安全性,可操作性强。     

Young children in day and night care: negotiating and constructing belonging during daily arrivals

The paper aims at understanding the processes related to young children's belonging during daily arrivals at day and night care. Two aspects of a child's belonging are considered: membership and sense of belonging. Data were gathered by ethnographic observation of 8 children aged from 20 to 36 months in two Finnish day care centres offering day and night care. Arrival episodes taking place at different times of day were analysed qualitatively based on the children's actions and expressions. During these episodes, the children negotiated and constructed their belonging by interacting with adults, peers and material objects. These interactions took place within varying social and material surroundings and according to different daily routines that sometimes challenged the child's belonging. The results underline the importance of sensitive responsiveness by educators to young children's initiatives in supporting children's belonging during daily arrivals at day and night care.     

Sleeping through the night or through the nights?

ObjectiveThere are substantial inter-individual differences in infants’ longest consecutive sleep duration. However, intra-individual differences are rarely considered. The present study aimed to describe night-to-night variability in achieving 6 or 8 h of consolidated sleep over a 13-night period in 6-month-old infants.MethodsForty-four typically developing infants were part of the study (22 girls). When infants were 6 months old, mothers were asked to complete an infant sleep diary over 13 nights to measure the longest period of uninterrupted sleep each night. Two criteria were used to determine if infants were sleeping through the night: 6 and 8 h of uninterrupted sleep.ResultsOn average, mothers reported that their infant slept 6 h consecutively for about 5 nights out of 13. Nine infants (20.5%) never slept 6 h consecutively, three (6.8%) met the criterion every night, but most infants (n = 32; 72.7%) showed high variability between the nights. Mothers reported that their infant slept 8 h consecutively for about 3 nights out of 13. Half of the infants (50.0%) never slept 8 h consecutively, one infant (2.3%) slept 8 h consecutively every night, and twenty-one infants (47.7%) showed high variability.ConclusionsThese findings expand current knowledge by showing that there is not only high inter-individual variability, but also high intra-individual variability in infant sleep consolidation. Parents and clinicians should be aware that occasional sleeping through the night does not necessarily indicate a consolidation of this behavior.     

175名综合医院助产士夜间工作效率现状及影响因素分析

目的 调查广西省综合性医院助产士夜间工作效率现状及其影响因素,旨在为助产士管理者采取有针对性的管理策略提供参考。方法 便利选取本地区6所医院的175名助产士,采用《助产士日间倦怠量表》、听觉词汇学习记忆测试法及技术测定法进行调查。结果 助产士夜间工作效率为(89.16±14.55)min；年龄小、无子女、学历高、产科工作时间短、职称低、夜班数多的助产士夜间工作效率较低(P<0.05)；助产士日间倦怠总均分为(14.72±2.44)分,记忆功能总均分为(28.62±4.07)分,助产士夜间间接工作效率总分与日间倦怠总分(r=-0.697,P=0.000)呈一定负相关；与记忆能力总分(r=-0.939,P=0.000)呈一定正相关。结论 助产士夜间工作效率偏低；日间倦怠、记忆能力是助产士夜间工作效率的主要影响因素。     

Reduced street lighting at night and health: A rapid appraisal of public views in England and Wales

Financial and carbon reduction incentives have prompted many local authorities to reduce street lighting at night. Debate on the public health implications has centred on road accidents, fear of crime and putative health gains from reduced exposure to artificial light. However, little is known about public views of the relationship between reduced street lighting and health. We undertook a rapid appraisal in eight areas of England and Wales using ethnographic data, a household survey and documentary sources. Public concern focused on road safety, fear of crime, mobility and seeing the night sky but, for the majority in areas with interventions, reductions went unnoticed. However, more private concerns tapped into deep-seated anxieties about darkness, modernity ‘going backwards’, and local governance. Pathways linking lighting reductions and health are mediated by place, expectations of how localities should be lit, and trust in local authorities to act in the best interests of local communities.     

Reliability of sleep spindle measurements in adolescents: How many nights are necessary?

Evidence of night‐to‐night variation in adolescent sleep spindle characteristics is lacking. Twelve adolescents (M = 15.8 ± 0.8 years, eight males) participated in a laboratory study involving 9 nights with 10 hr sleep opportunity. Sleep electroencephalograph was analysed and intra‐class coefficients calculated to determine the reliability of sleep spindles across multiple nights of recording. Slow spindle amplitude and fast spindle density, duration and amplitude characteristics all had acceptable reliability within a single night of sleep recording. Slow spindle density and duration measurements needed a minimum of 4 and 2 nights, respectively, for reliable estimation. Theoretical and methodological implications are discussed.