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71.
磁共振脑功能成像指导脑肿瘤切除的意义 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
脑外科手术的目的是最大限度地切除脑肿瘤并尽可能保留功能,提高脑肿瘤患者的术后生存质量。脑外科医师需要在术前明确肿瘤区域与存留功能区域的空间关系,拟定手术切除计划,尽量回避对存留功能区的损伤,并预测术后可能发生的功能损害;术后需要了解手术区域脑功能的恢复状况,评价手术疗效。目前,能够进行空间定位的脑功能的评价措施包括多导脑电图(EEG)、脑磁图(MSI)、正电子发射断层(PET)和磁共振脑功能成像(fMR I)。本文主要介绍了磁共振脑功能成像评价脑肿瘤患者脑功能应用研究现状。1脑肿瘤的磁共振脑功能成像磁共振脑功能成像原理… 相似文献
72.
自发性颅内低压综合征的影像学特点 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
自1938年Schaltenbrand第一次描述1例自发性颅内低压综合征病例以来,该病症逐渐为人们认识。颅内低压综合征的诊断主要根据临床有典型的体位性头痛症状(直立位出现或加重,平卧位减轻或消失),同时腰椎穿刺测脑脊液压力低于8kPa(60mmH2O)。自20世纪90年代以来,文献报道的本综合征神经影像学表现越来越多,并使其诊断发生了革命性的变化。本文将就其影像学特点及发生的病理生理机制进行简要介绍。1自发性颅内低压综合征影像学表现的病理生理基础腰椎穿刺脑脊液压力低于8kPa(60mmH2O)是诊断自发性颅内低压综合征的主要依据,脑脊液压力降低也一… 相似文献
73.
Bertalanffy H. Kretzschmar H. Gilsbach J. M. Ott D. Mohadjer M. 《Acta neurochirurgica》1990,104(3-4):151-155
Summary This case report describes a patient presenting with symptoms of increased intracranial pressure, whose computerized tomographic (CT) scan was highly suggestive of a large low-grade glioma invading the basal ganglia. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a well-demarcated space-occupying mass of increased intensity in the left lateral ventricle and adjacent white matter. Following stereotactic biopsy, which yielded a homogeneous jelly-like material, the mass was removed microsurgically and was found to be most like a colloid cyst on histological examination. Discussion focusses on the clinical and differential diagnostic implications of this very unusual combination of findings. 相似文献
74.
1994年10月以来,作者有计划地对条件允许的肺癌病人,于放疗开始前1日和放疗结束后3日分别行胸部MRI检查。通过分析我们认为MR1在肺癌病人放疗前后以下方面评价中具有较大价值:1.原发肿瘤特征;2.肺门纵隔肿大淋巴结;3.原发肿瘤和肿大淋巴结与大血管关系的鉴别;4.肿块与肺不张鉴别;5.胸壁侵犯范围;6.放谢性肺纤维化与肿瘤残留或复发鉴别。 相似文献
75.
Patrick E. Barta Richard E. Powers Elizabeth H. Aylward Gary A. Chase Gordon J. Harris Peter V. Rabins Larry E. Tune Godfrey D. Pearlson 《Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging》1997,68(2-3):65-75
Volumes of medial and lateral temporal lobe structures were assessed using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 11 patients with late-life onset schizophrenia (LOS), 18 normal elderly controls and 12 patients with moderate cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease (AD) who had no non-cognitive symptoms. While both patient groups has smaller volumes of several medial temporal regions (e.g. entorhinal cortex, left hippocampus), schizophrenics had significantly smaller anterior superior temporal gyri (STG) than normal controls, but AD patients did not. We have previously demonstrated anterior STG volume to be reduced in early life onset schizophrenia. 相似文献
76.
Purpose. To estimate disease activity in patients with systemic sclerosis using contrast-enhanced MRI of the skin.
Material and Methods. In a pre-study, sequences of a low-field (0.2 T) scanner (Artoscan, Esaote, Genova, Italy) were optimized for detection of
intravenous contrast (0.1 mmol/l Gd-DTPA) in six patients with the autoimmune disease systemic scleroderma. Based on the results
of the pre-study, 17 patients with scleroderma (7 sclerotic/10 active inflammatory disease) were scanned using gradient-spoiled
3D GRE sequences (FA 90 °, TR 100 ms, TE 18 ms), which had been established as most sensitive for intravenous contrast. Contrast
enhancement of the skin was determined quantitatively by contrast-to-noise ratios (CNR), comparing post- to pre-contrast and
dynamic scans (for 6 min, 1 acquisition/min). Patients in the chronic state with sclerodactylia and active inflammation of
the hands were considered separately and compared to a control group (n = 10) matched according to age.
Results. CNR increase after intravenous contrast was significantly higher in patients with active disease (86 ± 16 % increase) than
sclerosing disease (29 ± 3 %, p < 0.05) and the control group (4 ± 2 %, p < 0.05). The dynamic examination showed a significantly slower decrease after the peak rise in the first minute in patients
with active disease (CNR 15.4 ± 0.7 to 14.2 ± 1.4) than in those with chronic disease (14.1 ± 0.5 to 11.3 ± 0.9, p < 0.05).
Discussion. Capillary leakage is the most likely explanation for the increased enhancement in patients with active scleroderma. Using
sequences optimized for contrast detection, disease activity in the course of scleroderma and response to therapy can be determined
by MRI in the future.
相似文献
77.
Y. Kajiya M. Nakajo N. Ichinari Y. Kajiya K. Yamazumi T. Otuji T. Tanaka 《Abdominal imaging》1997,22(1):111-113
A foregut cyst is formed as a result of abnormal budding and pinching of the tracheobronchial tree when bronchial buds develop
to form the primitive respiratory tree. Foregut cysts are clinically classified as bronchogenic, esophageal, enterogastric,
or ciliated hepatic. We present a foregut cyst that occurred in the retroperitoneum and was difficult to distinguish from
other retroperitoneal cystic mass lesions. Magnetic resonance imaging was useful in revealing the cyst's continuity to adjacent
organs.
Received: 19 June 1995/Accepted: 23 July 1995 相似文献
78.
S. A. Baxendale W. van Paesschen P. J. Thompson A. Connelly J. S. Duncan W. F. Harkness S. D. Shorvon 《Epilepsia》1998,39(2):158-166
Summary: Purpose: Quantitative MRI techniques provide an unparalleled opportunity to examine in vivo the relationship between the extent and laterality of hippocampal pathology and associated neuropsychological deficits. The purpose of this study was to examine the nature of the relationship between quantitative measures of hippocampal pathology and neuropsychological measures, using a multivariate approach. Methods: We examined the relationship between two MRI measures of hippocampal structure; hippocampal volumes (HCvol) and T2 relaxation times (HCT2), and memory performance, in 80 presurgical temporal lobe epilepsy patients. Results: As a group, patients with left hippocampal sclerosis (LHS) performed more poorly that those with right hippocampal sclerosis (RHS) on immediate and delayed prose recall. In the group as a whole, right hippocampal volume was significantly correlated with the delayed recall of a complex figure. None of the verbal memory test scores were significantly correlated with the right or left HCvol or HCT2 measures. However, stepwise multiple regression analyses indicated that up to a third of the variation in specific test scores could be explained by the quantitative MRI hippocampal measures in conjunction with chronological age, and age at onset of habitual epilepsy. Left hippocampal measures explained 24% of the variance in the story-recall tasks, while right hippocampal measures explained 18% of the variance in a design-learning task and 32% of the variance in a figure-recall task. Conclusions: Our results provide some support for the lateralised model of material specific memory deficits, but suggest that a number of demographic and epilepsy-related factors may interact with the extent and laterality of hippocampal pathology in shaping the nature of the associated neuropsychological deficit. 相似文献
79.
Juhani Trmnen Osmo Tervonen Antero Koivula Juhani Junila Ilkka Suramo 《Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI》1996,6(5):805-811
The purpose of this study was to explore systematically the effect of the imaging parameters changeable by the user in spin-echo (SE) imaging sequences to minimize image distortion when imaging joint prostheses. A titanium alloy hip joint prosthesis was studied at 1.0 T. The SE imaging parameters were bandwidth/pixel (BW/p), TE, strength of encoding gradients (matrix size), echo train length (ETL), and direction of phase and frequency encoding. The effect of ETL in rapid acquisition relaxation enhanced (RARE) sequences was also evaluated with a turbo-SE sequence using a different ETL with the same TR and an effective TE. It is concluded that an optimized image quality can be achieved in SE imaging by using a high bandwidth/pixel value (at least 130 Hz/pixel), a high resolution matrix (256–512), sequences with multiple refocusing, and a frequency-encoding axis parallel to the long axis of the prosthesis. The degree of distortion is reduced with this optimized technique. 相似文献
80.
H. Bonél A. Frick H. Sittek A. Heuck M. Steinborn R. G. H. Baumeister M. Reiser 《Der Radiologe》1997,37(10):785-793
Summary
Purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of a low field dedicated MRI system in hand and wrist imaging.
All 308 exams of the hand and wrist, that were performed on a low-field dedicated MRI system (Artoscan, Esaote Biomedica,
Italy) in our institution in 1996, and high-field MRI exams performed in addition as part of the diagnostic work-up, were
evaluated and correlated to final operative (n = 64) and histologic (n = 12) reports. 90 % of all low-field MRI scans stated a diagnosis according to clinical suspicion. In 62 % the clinical question
was answered, and in 26 % additional pathologies were identified. An MR-diagnosis completely different from the clinical suspicion
was stated in 2 %. High field exams contributed additional information in 6 of 36 patients. In 3 patients a tumor was not
shown completely in the limited field-of-view of the dedicated low-field MRI-system. Frequency-selective fat-suppression pulse
sequences and a better spatial resolution were the reasons for the additional information obtained in the other three patients.
Low-field dedicated MR-imaging is a valuable method in the extensive work-up of the hand and wrist. Osseous, ligamentous and
tendinous pathologies are well depicted. Large or infiltrative tumors should be referred to a high-field system.
相似文献