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941.
目的 探讨产后逐瘀胶囊对人工流产术后孕妇康复的影响.方法 选取行人工流产术结束分娩的孕妇120例,随机分为治疗组及对照组,各60例,2组术后常规给予头孢拉定胶囊、奥硝唑片口服,治疗组在常规用药的基础上口服产后逐瘀胶囊,3粒/次,3次/d,2组均1周为1疗程,观察2组孕妇术后阴道出血量及时间,并采用彩色超声检测仪测量子宫三径、内膜厚度及子宫动脉血流动力学指标.结果 治疗组孕妇人工流产术后阴道血量及时间、术后子宫三径线显著低于对照组(P＜0.05);2组术后子宫内膜厚度比较无统计学意义(P＞0.05),治疗组术后2周子宫动脉收缩期峰值流速(PSV)显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),2组子宫动脉搏动指数(PI)、阻力指数(RI)比较无统计学意义(P＞0.05);治疗组随访月经复潮情况显著优于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 产后逐瘀胶囊可显著减少人工流产术后孕妇阴道出血量,缩短出血时间,并可有效改善子宫血流动力学指标,利于人工流产术后子宫康复及月经周期的恢复. 相似文献
942.
目的探讨围术期自控镇静技术中靶控输注不同镇静药物的临床镇静效果。方法对在该院接受手术的80例患者入院资料进行分析,随机分为丙泊酚组和咪达唑仑组。本研究中二组患者在围术期靶控输注不同镇静药物,咪达唑仑组靶控输注咪达唑仑镇静剂,丙泊酚组靶控输注丙泊酚镇静,注射完后记录患者平卧10min、注射镇静药后2min、5min、10min以及手术结束前10min、手术结束时等6个时间点的OAA/S镇静评分值,并密切观察患者的镇静效果和呼吸情况。结果丙泊酚组T1时刻镇静评分为(5.0±0.0),镇静评分值在注射药物2min到5min后都明显下降,T2时刻镇静评分为(3.6±0.2)、T3时刻镇静评分为(2.5±0.4)与咪达唑仑组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);T4、T5、T6时刻镇静评分二组患者差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);镇静后二组患者的MAP,HR均明显下降,丙泊酚组患者在镇静后2min,5min时的MAP、HR均低于咪达唑仑组(P<0.05),其他时间二组差异无统计学意义;丙泊酚组中有5例患者呼吸抑制,咪达唑仑组有3例(P>0.05)。结论围术期自控镇静技术中靶控输注丙泊酚镇静效果较好,患者麻醉后对其生命体征影响比较小,值得推广使用。 相似文献
943.
Michael Camilleri 《Mayo Clinic proceedings. Mayo Clinic》2018,93(12):1858-1872
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is associated with diverse pathophysiologic mechanisms. These mechanisms include increased abnormal colonic motility or transit, intestinal or colorectal sensation, increased colonic bile acid concentration, and superficial colonic mucosal inflammation, as well as epithelial barrier dysfunction, neurohormonal up-regulation, and activation of secretory processes in the epithelial layer. Novel approaches to treatment include lifestyle modification, changes in diet, probiotics, and pharmacotherapy directed to the motility, sensation, and intraluminal milieu of patients with IBS. Despite recent advances, there is a need for development of new treatments to relieve pain in IBS without deleterious central or other adverse effects. 相似文献
944.
Jari A. Laukkanen Tanjaniina Laukkanen Setor K. Kunutsor 《Mayo Clinic proceedings. Mayo Clinic》2018,93(8):1111-1121
Sauna bathing, an activity that has been a tradition in Finland for thousands of years and mainly used for the purposes of pleasure and relaxation, is becoming increasingly popular in many other populations. Emerging evidence suggests that beyond its use for pleasure, sauna bathing may be linked to several health benefits, which include reduction in the risk of vascular diseases such as high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease, and neurocognitive diseases; nonvascular conditions such as pulmonary diseases; mortality; as well as amelioration of conditions such as arthritis, headache, and flu. The beneficial effects of sauna bathing on these outcomes have been linked to its effect on circulatory, cardiovascular, and immune functions. It has been postulated that regular sauna bathing may improve cardiovascular function via improved endothelium-dependent dilatation, reduced arterial stiffness, modulation of the autonomic nervous system, beneficial changes in circulating lipid profiles, and lowering of systemic blood pressure. This review summarizes the available epidemiological, experimental, and interventional evidence linking Finnish sauna bathing and its effects on cardiovascular outcomes and other disease conditions on the basis of a comprehensive search for observational studies, randomized controlled trials, and non–randomized controlled trials from MEDLINE and EMBASE from their inception until February 24, 2018. An overview of the postulated biological mechanisms underlying the associations between sauna bathing and its health benefits, areas of outstanding uncertainty, and implications for clinical practice is also provided. 相似文献
945.
Objective
This systematic review to aimed to evaluate the effects of orthopaedic manual therapy (OMT) on pain, improving function, and physical performance in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA).Data sources
Four databases (PubMed, Web of Science, CENTRAL, and CINAHL) were searched.Study selection
Trials were required to compare OMT alone or OMT in combination with exercise therapy, with exercise therapy alone or control.Data extraction
Data extraction and risk assessment were done by two independent reviewers. Outcome measures were visual analogue scale (VAS), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) pain score, WOMAC function score, WOMAC global score, and stairs ascending-descending time.Results
Eleven randomized controlled trials were included (494 subjects), four of which had a PEDro score of 6 or higher, indicating adequate quality. The results of the meta-analysis indicated that reduction of VAS score in OMT compared with the control group was statistically insignificant (SDM: ?0.59; 95% CI: ?1.54 to ?0.36; P = 0.224). The reduction of VAS score in OMT compared with exercise therapy group was statistically significant (SDM: ?0.78; 95% CI: ?1.42 to ?0.17; P = 0.013). The reduction of WOMAC pain score in OMT compared with the exercise therapy group was statistically significant (SDM: ?0.79; 95% CI: ?1.14 to ?0.43; P = 0.001). Similarly, the reduction of WOMAC function score in OMT compared with the exercise therapy group was statistically significant (SDM: ?0.85; 95% CI: ?1.20 to ?0.50; P = 0.001). However, the reduction of WOMAC global score in OMT compared with the exercise therapy group was statistically insignificant (SDM: ?0.23; 95% CI: ?0.54 to ?0.09; P = 0.164). The reduction of stairs ascending-descending time in OMT compared with the exercise therapy group was statistically significant (SDM: ?0.88; 95% CI: ?1.48 to ?0.29; P = 0.004).Conclusions
This review indicated OMT compared with exercise therapy alone provides short-term benefits in reducing pain, improving function, and physical performance in patients with knee OA.Review registration
PROSPERO 2016:CRD42016032799. 相似文献946.
Lindsey M. Philpot Priya Ramar Muhamad Y. Elrashidi Tiffany A. Sinclair Jon O. Ebbert 《Mayo Clinic proceedings. Mayo Clinic》2018,93(10):1431-1439
Objective
To evaluate the impact of opioid controlled substance agreements (CSAs) enrollment on health care utilization.Patients and Methods
We retrospectively evaluated health care utilization changes among 772 patients receiving long-term opioid therapy for chronic noncancer pain enrolled in a CSA between July 1, 2015, and December 31, 2015. We ascertained patient characteristics and utilization 12 months before and after CSA enrollment. Decreased utilization was defined as a decrease of 1 or more hospitalizations or emergency department visits and 3 or more outpatient primary and specialty care visits. Multivariate modeling assessed demographic characteristics associated with utilization changes.Results
The 772 patients enrolled in an opioid CSA during the study period had a mean ± SD age of 63.5±14.9 years and were predominantly female, white, and married. The CSA enrollment was associated with decreased outpatient primary care visits (odds ratio [OR], 0.16; 95% CI, 0.14-0.19) and increased diagnostic radiology services (OR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.02-1.47). After CSA enrollment, patients with greater comorbidity (Charlson Comorbidity Index score >3) were more likely to have reduced hospitalizations (adjusted OR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.3-6.0; P=.008), reduced outpatient primary care visits (adjusted OR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.2-3.2; P=.005), and reduced specialty care visits (adjusted OR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.2-3.3; P=.006).Conclusion
For patients receiving long-term opioid therapy for chronic noncancer pain, CSA enrollment is associated with reductions in primary care visits and increased radiologic service utilization. Patients with greater comorbidity were more likely to have reductions in hospitalizations, outpatient primary care visits, and outpatient specialty clinic visits after CSA enrollment. The observational nature of the study does not allow the conclusion that CSA implementation is the primary reason for these observed changes. 相似文献947.
Meng-Ting Lin Ming-Yen Hsiao Yu-Kang Tu Tyng-Guey Wang 《Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation》2018,99(7):1383-1394.e6
Objective
To compare the efficacy of intra-articular (IA) steroid injection and distension in patients with frozen shoulder.Data Sources
Databases, including MEDLINE (via PubMed), Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Library, were searched for studies published up to November 2016.Study Selection
We included all published randomized controlled trials (RCTs), quasi-experimental studies, and observational studies investigating the effectiveness of IA steroid injection, distension, and physiotherapy in patients with frozen shoulder. Sixteen RCTs and 1 observational study were enrolled in meta-analysis.Data Extraction
Full texts were independently reviewed, and quality of RCTs was assessed with The Cochrane Collaboration's tool. The primary outcome was functional improvement; the secondary outcomes included pain reduction and external rotation (ER) improvement.Data Synthesis
In pairwise meta-analysis, pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) of functional improvement and pain reduction revealed equal efficacy at 3 follow-up time points. With respect to ER improvement, distension has a superior effect compared with IA steroid injection in the short term [(2–4wk; SMD, ?.36; 95% confidence interval [CI], ?.68 to ?.04) and medium term (6–16wk; SMD, ?0.80; 95% CI, ?1.32 to ?0.29). The network meta-analysis indicated a better efficacy for distension than for IA steroid injection in ER improvement only in the medium term (6–16wk; SMD, ?0.70; 95% CI, ?1.19 to ?0.21).Conclusions
IA steroid injection was as effective as distension in shoulder function improvement, pain reduction, and increasing ER of the shoulder. Distension yielded better ER improvement in the medium term but to a minor extent in the long term. For patients with predominant ER limitation, early distension could be considered the primary choice of treatment. 相似文献948.
Blathin Casey Susan Coote Sara Hayes Stephen Gallagher 《Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation》2018,99(10):2059-2075
Objectives
To (1) systematically review the literature on behavioral interventions for people with multiple sclerosis (MS) that aim to change physical activity (PA) behavior; and (2) explore whether these interventions are clinically effective in improving PA, are theory based, and use established behavior change techniques (BCTs).Data Sources
A systematic electronic search was conducted on databases EBSCO (including AMED, Biomedical Reference Collection: Expanded, CINHAL, MEDLINE, PsycArticles, PsycInfo), PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science from April 2017 to May 2017.Study Selection
Studies were included if (1) the interventions aimed to change PA behavior among people with MS; (2) PA was recognized as a primary outcome measure; and (3) they had a randomized controlled trial (RCT) design.Data Extraction
The resulting behavioral interventions were coded using the Theory Coding Scheme and the CALO-RE taxonomy to assess theory base and BCTs. A meta-analysis was conducted to assess effectiveness.Data Synthesis
Fourteen RCTs were included. Combined, there was a significant (P=.0003; d=1.00; 95% confidence interval, .46–1.53) short-term change in self-report PA behavior for studies with nonactive control groups. There was no change in objective or long-term PA. Studies failed to discuss results in relation to theory and did not attempt to refine theory. Fifty percent of BCTs within the CALO-RE were used, with BCTs of “goal-setting” and “action-planning” being the most frequently used.Conclusions
Current evidence supports the efficacy of PA intervention on subjective but not objective outcomes. However, conclusions from this review should be interpreted with caution because of the small number of studies included and small sample size. Further, while using theory in intervention design, interventions in this review have not reported the refining of theory. Exploration of the use of additional BCTs to change PA behavior is also required within future interventions. 相似文献949.
Liye Zou Jeffer Eidi Sasaki Nan Zeng Chaoyi Wang Li Sun 《Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation》2018,99(11):2355-2364
Objective
To critically evaluate the rehabilitative effects of mindful exercises for poststroke patients.Data Sources
Six databases (PubMed, Physiotherapy Evidence Database, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Wanfang, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure) and reference lists of relevant articles were searched.Study Selection
Randomized controlled trials on the effects of mindful exercises on rehabilitative outcomes such as sensorimotor function, gait speed, leg strength, aerobic endurance, cognitive function, and overall motor function.Data Extraction
Two investigators independently screened eligible studies according to the eligible criteria, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias.Data Synthesis
A total of 20 studies that satisfied the eligibility criteria were finally included. The sum scores of 5-9 points in the adapted Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale indicates low-to-medium risk of bias. The study results of meta-analysis indicate that mindful exercise intervention was significantly associated with improved sensorimotor function on both lower limb (standardized mean difference=0.79; 95% confidence interval, 0.43-1.15; P<.001; I2=62.67%) and upper limb (standardized mean difference=0.7; 95% confidence interval, 0.39-1.01; P<.001; I2=32.36%).Conclusions
This review suggests that mindful exercises are effective in improving sensorimotor function of lower and upper limbs in poststroke patients. The effects on gait speed, leg strength, aerobic endurance, overall motor function, and other outcomes (eg, cognitive function, gait parameters) require further investigation for allowing evidence-based conclusions. 相似文献950.
Marcas M. Bamman Gary R. Cutter David M. Brienza John Chae Daniel M. Corcos Stephanie DeLuca Edelle Field-Fote Mona N. Fouad Catherine E. Lang Anne Lindblad Robert W. Motl Carla G. Perna Darcy Reisman Kenneth M. Saag Sean I. Savitz Kathryn H Schmitz Jennifer Stevens-Lapsley John Whyte Mary E. Michel 《Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation》2018,99(12):2637-2648
The purpose of this Special Communication is to summarize guidelines and recommendations stemming from an expert panel convened by the National Institutes of Health, National Center for Medical Rehabilitation Research (NCMRR) for a workshop entitled The Future of Medical Rehabilitation Clinical Trials, held September 29-30, 2016, at the NCMRR offices in Bethesda, Maryland. The ultimate goal of both the workshop and this summary is to offer guidance on clinical trials design and operations to the medical rehabilitation research community, with the intent of maximizing the effect of future trials. 相似文献